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Encyclopedia > NOCIRC

The National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers (NOCIRC) is a non-profit organization headquartered in the United States, with some centers in other countries. Its goal is to secure "the birthright of male, female, and intersex children and babies to keep their sex organs intact."[1] The shield and spear of the Roman God Mars are often used to represent the male sex In heterogamous species, male is the sex of an organism, or of a part of an organism, which typically produces smaller, mobile gametes (spermatozoa) that are able to fertilise female gametes (ova). ... The hand mirror and comb of the Roman Goddess Venus is often used to represent the female sex. ... An intersexual is a person (or individual of any unisexual species) who is born with genitalia and/or secondary sexual characteristics of indeterminate sex, or which combine features of both sexes. ... A male Caucasian toddler child A child (plural: children) is a young human. ... A human infant The word Infant derives from the Latin in-fans, meaning unable to speak. ... A sex organ, or primary sexual characteristic, narrowly defined, is any of those parts of the body (which are not always bodily organs according to the strict definition) which are involved in sexual reproduction and constitute the reproductive system in an complex organism; namely: Male: penis (notably the glans penis...

Contents

Origins

The organization was founded in 1985[1], and directed by Marilyn Milos, RN, the organization is the first national clearinghouse in the United States for information about circumcision. In its first decade, NOCIRC grew into an international network and now has at least 17 centers outside of the United States.[2] NOCIRC is affiliated with the International Coalition for Genital Integrity[3], and the Executive Director of ICGI, Dan Bollinger,[4] is NOCIRC's Indiana center.[2] Marilyn Milos is founder and director of the National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers (NOCIRC), a genital integrity organization which opposes the genital modification and mutilation of children. ... A registered nurse (RN), is a health care professional responsible for implementing the practice of nursing through the use of the nursing process (in concert with other health care professionals). ... This article is about male circumcision. ...


Position

NOCIRC opposes the non-therapeutic circumcision of children.[5] NOCIRC suggests on its website that circumcision be performed only when it is absolutely medically necessary, after all non-invasive therapies have failed, or when an adult gives consent, after he has been fully informed about the risks and harm of the surgery.[1] NOCIRC also provides material on their view of circumcision and care of the foreskin. NOCIRC states that their position is based on the fact that there is not a national or international medical association in the world that recommends routine infant circumcision, yet declare that they hold the medical community accountable for "misconstruing the scientific database available on human circumcision in the world today".[5] In a 1996 press release, NOCIRC stated that "We expect this professional organization[AAP] that is concerned with the health of infants and children to reveal the harm of genital cutting and to protect every child's birthright to keep his or her sex organs intact."[6] The American Academy of Pediatrics (1999) said the medical benefits of circumcision are not sufficient to recommend routine neonatal circumcision, but that it should be the decision of informed parents.[7] This article is about male circumcision. ... The foreskin or prepuce (a technically broader term that also includes the clitoral hood, the homologous structure in women) is a retractable double-layered fold of skin and mucous membrane that covers the glans penis and protects the urinary meatus when the penis is not erect. ... The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) is an organization of pediatricians. ...


Publications

Currently, the organization publishes a number of brochures for parents, providing their recommendations about infant circumcisions, penile care and several related topics. NOCIRC also distributes an annual newsletter to its members. Most of the organizations material is directly available on their website.


International symposia

NOCIRC sponsors and organizes international symposia on circumcision, sexual mutilations, and genital integrity. The most recent symposium was the Eighth International Symposium on Circumcision and Human Rights, which was held in September 2004 in Padua, Italy. The objectives were stated as helping participants understand the: The symbol of the Genital integrity movement is the ribbon Genital Integrity. ... Tronco Maestro Riviera: a pedestrian walk along a section of the inland waterway or naviglio interno of Padua. ...

  • history of sexual mutilation
  • ethical, political, and legal aspects of sexual mutilation
  • best ways to encourage healthcare systems to end funding of unnecessary mutilation
  • need for religious, cultural, and gender sensitivity to the issue of sexual mutilation
  • worldwide campaign to end sexual mutilation
  • historical and contemporary aspects of genital restoration[8]

Criticism

NOCIRC has been criticised by circumcision advocates, who believe that campaigns against circumcision use distortions in an attempt to discredit doctors. Dr. Edgar Schoen, who presents pro-circumcision information to parents and at one time was the chair of the American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on Circumcision, "These activist organizations, particularly NOCIRC, mainly using anecdotes and testimonials, have gained a good deal of media attention and have had a misguided influence in discouraging newborn circumcision, particularly in middle class educated parents."[9] This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims. ... The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) is an organization of pediatricians. ...


Brian Morris states that criticism also comes from within NOCIRC. He quotes a correspondent, who writes "I've come to learn I can't trust them when it comes to this subject. I think they are causing a tremendous degree of psychological harm with their campaign and I've suffered a lot from their nonsense." [10]


References

  1. ^ a b c About NOCIRC. Retrieved on 2006-07-14.
  2. ^ a b NOCIRC Centers. Retrieved on 2006-07-14.
  3. ^ International Coalition for Genital Integrity. Retrieved on 2006-07-14.
  4. ^ Contact us - ICGI. Retrieved on 2006-07-14.
  5. ^ a b Declaration of the First International Symposium on Circumcision. NOCIRC (1989-03-03). Retrieved on 2006-07-14.
  6. ^ AAP's new task force on circumcision to receive information from NOCIRC. NOCIRC (1996-09-27). Retrieved on 2006-07-14.
  7. ^ American Academy of Pediatrics (March 1999). "Circumcision Policy Statement". Pediatrics 103 (3): 686-693. ISSN 0031-4005. 
  8. ^ The Eighth International Symposium on Circumcision and Human Rights (PDF) 5 (September 2-4, 2004). Retrieved on 2006-07-14.
  9. ^ Presentation of Anticircumcision groups. Medicirc.org. Retrieved on 2006-07-14.
  10. ^ Morris, Brian (1999). In favour of circumcision. New South Wales University Press, 70. ISBN 0-86840-537-X. 

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See also

The symbol of the Genital integrity movement is the ribbon Genital Integrity. ... Genital modification and genital mutilation both can refer to permanent or temporary changes to the human genitals. ...

External links


  Results from FactBites:
 
Let the sons decide (1322 words)
Pointing to a statement issued last year by the American Academy of Pediatrics, foes of the surgical removal of the penis' foreskin argue that Medicaid spends millions each year on a procedure that is not medically necessary.
Greg Hartley, a Franklin Park man who is the director of NOCIRC of Pennsylvania, is so passionate about the issue that he believes circumcision should be outlawed for newborns because they cannot give informed consent.
Hartley, a 38-year-old engineer, became interested in the issue a few years ago when he and his wife were considering whether they would circumcise their adopted son from Russia.
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