[edit]
Business law
Business organizations
* Common law business forms:
Sole proprietorship
Partnership  · Corporation
General partnership
Business trust
* Statutory business forms:
Limited partnership
Proprietary limited company
Public limited company
Limited liability partnership
Limited liability company
* Civil law corporate forms:
AB  · AG  · GmbH
N.V.  · OY  · S.A.
Doctrines
Limited liability  · Ultra vires
De facto corporation and corporation by estoppel
Piercing the corporate veil
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S.A. is the abbreviation of Société Anonyme in French, Spółka Akcyjna in Polish, Sociedad Anónima in Spanish, Sociedade Anónima in Portuguese, or Naamloze Venootschap (N.V.) in Dutch, generally designating corporations in various countries. This translates literally as anonymous company, and can be opposed to partnerships and to limited liability companies. Image File history File links SmallLadyJustice. ... Commercial law or business law is the body of law which governs business and commerce and is often considered to be a branch of civil law and deals both with issues of private law and public law. ... Business organizations or Business Associations is an area of law that covers the broad array of rules governing the formation and operation of different kinds of entities by which individuals can organize to do business. ... This article concerns the common-law legal system, as contrasted with the civil law legal system; for other meanings of the term, within the field of law, see common law (disambiguation). ... A Sole proprietorship is a business which legally has no separate existence from its owner. ... In the common law, a partnership is a type of business entity in which partners share with each other the profits or losses of the business undertaking in which they have all invested. ... A corporation is a legal entity (distinct from a natural person) that often has similar rights in law to those of a Civil law systems may refer to corporations as moral persons; they may also go by the name AS (anonymous society) or something similar, depending on language (see below). ... This article needs to be wikified. ... An income trust is an ownership vehicle for certain assets or businesses. ... A statute is a formal, written law of a country or state, written and enacted by its legislative authority, perhaps to then be ratified by the highest executive in the government, and finally published. ... A limited partnership is a partnership that is similar to a general partnership, except that in addition to there being one or more general partners, there are one or more limited partners. ... A Proprietary limited company or abbreviated as under Australian law is a business structure that has at least one shareholder with a limited number of shares. ... The initials plc after a UK or Irish company name indicate that it is a public limited company, a type of limited company whose shares may be offered for sale to the public. ... Limited liability partnerships (LLP) are a form of business organization. ... A Limited liability company (denoted by L.L.C. or LLC) is a type of legal entity which has only relatively recently been made possible to establish in the United States and many other, mainly anglophone, countries. ... Civil law has at least three meanings. ... Aktiebolag is the Swedish term for a corporation, i. ... The German term Aktiengesellschaft (IPA /aktsiÉ™ngÉ™zεlʃaft/) (abbreviated AG) means a corporation which is limited by shares, , owned by shareholders. ... Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH or GesmbH) is a type of legal entity created in Germany in 1892. ... Osakeyhtiö, directly translated as share corporation, is the Finnish equivalent of Limited company (Ltd or LLC) or Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH). ... Limited liability (LL) is liability that is limited to a partner or investors investment. ... Ultra vires is a Latin phrase that literally means beyond the power. ... De facto corporation and corporation by estoppel are both terms that are used by courts to describe circumstances in which is a business organization that has failed to become a de jure corporation (a corporation by law) will nonetheless be treated as a corporation, thereby shielding shareholders from liability. ... The corporate law concept piercing (Lifting) the corporate veil describes a legal decision where an officer, director, or shareholder of a corporation is held liable for the debts of the corporation despite the general principle that those persons are immune from suits in contract or tort that otherwise would only... A corporation is a legal entity (distinct from a natural person) that often has similar rights in law to those of a Civil law systems may refer to corporations as moral persons; they may also go by the name AS (anonymous society) or something similar, depending on language (see below). ... In the common law, a partnership is a type of business entity in which partners share with each other the profits or losses of the business undertaking in which they have all invested. ... A Limited liability company (denoted by L.L.C. or LLC) is a type of legal entity which has only relatively recently been made possible to establish in the United States and many other, mainly anglophone, countries. ...

In Central America S.A. refers to the stricter corporate laws, that allow individuals to form legal corporations without revealing their identity, via the use of bearer bonds. A Bearer Bond is a legal certificate that usually represents a bond obligation of, or stock in, a corporation or some other intangible property. ...