Nancy Clare Cunard (March 10, 1896 – March 17, 1965) was an English writer, editor and publisher, political activist and poet. March 10 is the 69th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (70th in Leap years). ... 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... March 17 is the 76th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (77th in Leap years). ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ...

Early Life

Her father was Sir Bache Cunard, an heir to the Cunard shipping money, interested in polo and fox hunting, and a baronet. Her mother was born Maud Alice Burke (1872-1948), and was an American heiress; as Lady Emerald Cunard, she became a leading London socety hostess, and later celebrated as a friend of Wallis Simpson. Cunard may refer to: Samuel Cunard (1787–1865), British shipping magnate. ... Playing polo Polo (also known as Chogân) is a team game played on a field with one goal for each team. ... A fox hunt Fox hunting is a form of hunting for foxes using a pack of scent hounds. ... A baronet (traditional abbreviation Bart, modern abbreviation Bt), is the holder of an hereditary title awarded by the British Crown, known as a baronetcy. ... Wallis, Duchess of Windsor and the Duke of Windsor on their wedding day Bessie Wallis Warfield, more widely known as Wallis Simpson and later The Duchess of Windsor (June 19, 1896–April 24, 1986) was the wife of Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor, the former King Edward VIII of the...

Her parents separated in 1910. Nancy had been brought up on the family estate at Nevill Holt, Leicestershire; at that point she moved to London with her mother. Her education was at various boarding schools, including time in France and Germany. Nevill Holt is a hamlet and civil parish in the Harborough district of Leicestershire, England. ... Leicestershire (abbreviated Leics) is a landlocked county in central England. ...

She had a short-lived marriage during World War I to Sydney Fairbairn, an army officer; it lasted less than two years before they separated. She was also at that time on the edge of The Coterie, associating in particular with Iris Tree. Combatants Allies: • Serbia, • Russia, • France, • Romania, • Belgium, • British Empire and Dominions, • United States, • Italy, • ...and others Central Powers: • Germany, • Austria-Hungary, • Ottoman Empire, • Bulgaria Casualties Military dead: 5 million Civilian dead: 3 million Total: 8 million Full list Military dead: 3 million Civilian dead: 3 million Total: 6 million Full... The Coterie comprised a fashionable and famous set of English aristocrats and intellectuals of the 1910s, widely quoted and profiled in magazines and newspapers of the period. ... Iris Tree (1897 – 1968) was a English poet and actress, described as a bohemian, an eccentric, a wit and an adventuress. ...

She also contributed to the Sitwell anthology Wheels, providing its title poem; it has been said that the venture was originally her project. From left: Edith Sitwell (1887 - 1964), Sir George Sitwell, Lady Ida, Sacheverell Sitwell (1897-1988), and Osbert Sitwell (1892-1969). ... An anthology, literally a garland or collection of flowers, is a collection of literary works, originally of poems, but in recent years its usage has broadened to be applied to collections of short stories and comic strips. ...

Outlandish Behavior, Relationships

She very quickly became known for her notorious and wild behaviour. This was accentuated by her dressing in male clothes, and her sexual relationships and association within known lesbian circles with the likes of writer Natalie Barney. She was involved in interacial relationships, most notably with a man named Henry Crowder, which presently would not be regarded as anything special, but was unheard of at the time. [1] Lesbian describes a homosexual female, or rather women or girls who have a more intense physical and emotional relationship with other females than with men. ... Nathalie Barney (1876-1972), also known as Natalie Barney, was a American heiress who became well known as the mistress of a literary salon in France. ...

It was during this time that one lover, soldier Peter Broughton-Adderley, was killed in action in France, less than a month before Armistice Day. She reportedly never fully recovered from the loss. Armistice Day is the anniversary of the official end of World War I, November 11, 1918. ...

In 1920 she moved to Paris, where initially she was close to Michael Arlen. A short relationship with Aldous Huxley just before he wrote Antic Hay (1923) led to a portrayal of her in the book, but was of much greater importance to him. She took up literary modernism, with much of her published poetry dating from this period; it has been suggested that she also at this time took up alcohol, drugs, and communist fellow-travelling. The Eiffel Tower, the tallest structure in Paris, is an international symbol of the city. ... Michael Arlen (November 16, 1895 - June 23, 1956) was an Armenian novelist and short story writer who had his greatest successes in the 1920s while living and writing in England. ... Aldous Leonard Huxley (July 26, 1894 – November 22, 1963) was a British writer who emigrated to the United States. ... Communism - Wikipedia /**/ @import /w/skins-1. ...

In 1927 she moved into a farmhouse in La Chapelle-Reanville, Normandy. It was there that she set up in 1928 the Hours Press, a small press; previously it had been the Three Mountains Press, run as a hobby by William Bird, an American journalist in Paris, who had already produced work by Ezra Pound. It operated for three years, and first published Samuel Beckett’s work, as well as Pound's initial XXX Cantos. It had a most distinguished list of authors. Flag of Normandy Mont Saint Michel is a historic pilgrimage site and a symbol of Normandy Normandy is a geographical region in northern France. ... The Dun Emer Press in 1903 with Elizabeth Yeats working the hand press Small press is a term often used to describe publishers who typically specialize in genre fiction, or limited edition books or magazines. ... William Augustus Bird (1888 - 1963) was an American journalist, now remembered for his hobby, the Three Mountains Press, a small press he ran while in Paris in the 1920s for the Consolidated Press Association. ... William Augustus Bird (1888 - 1963) was an American journalist, now remembered for his hobby, the Three Mountains Press, a small press he ran while in Paris in the 1920s for the Consolidated Press Association. ... Bold text Ezra Pound in 1913. ... Samuel Barclay Beckett (April 13, 1906 – December 22, 1989) was an Irish playwright, novelist and poet. ...

From 1928 (on the rebound from a two-year affair with Louis Aragon) she was involved in a relationship with Henry Crowder, an African-American jazz musician who was working in Paris. She became an activist in matters concerning racial politics and civil rights in the USA, including the Scottsboro Boys case, and visited Harlem. Louis Aragon (October 3, 1897 - December 24, 1982), French historian, poet and novelist. ... The case of the Scottsboro Boys arose in Alabama during the 1930s, when nine black teenagers, none older than twenty-one, were accused of raping two white women (Victoria Price and Ruby Bates) on a train. ... View of Harlem from Morningside Heights overlooking Morningside Park Lenox Avenue looking south from the corner of 124th Street. ...

In the 1930s she wrote as a journalist for the Manchester Guardian during the Spanish Civil War; and also was involved in refugee relief. She wrote for Left Review, and compiled the pamphlet Authors Take Sides on the Spanish War. She translated poems of Pablo Neruda, with whom she had been living in Madrid. The Guardian was also the name of a U.S. television series. ... The Spanish Civil War (July 1936–April 1939) was a conflict in which the incumbent Second Spanish Republic and political left-wing groups fought against a right-wing nationalist insurrection led by General Francisco Franco, who eventually succeeded in ousting the Republican government and establishing a personal dictatorship. ... Pablo Neruda as a Presidential candidate in 1970 Pablo Neruda (July 12, 1904 – September 23, 1973) was the pen name of the Chilean writer Ricardo Eliecer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto. ... Madrid is the capital and largest city in Spain, as well as in the province and the autonomous community of the same name. ...

After World War II she gave up on her home at Reanville, and travelled extensively. She suffered from poor physical and mental health, and died virtually friendless, in Paris. Combatants Allies: • Poland, • UK & Commonwealth, • France, • Soviet Union, • United States, • China, ...and others Axis: • Germany, • Italy, • Japan, ...and others Casualties Military dead: 17 million Civilian dead: 33 million Total: 50 million Full list Military dead: 8 million Civilian dead: 4 million Total: 12 million Full list World War II, also...

She may have been told or believed that the novelist George Moore was her natural father. A portrait of George Moore by Édouard Manet George Augustus Moore (February 24, 1852 - January 21, 1933) was an Irish novelist, short story writer, poet, art critic, memoirist and dramatist. ...

Works

• Outlaws (1921) poems
• Sublunary (1923) poems
• Parallax (1925) Hogarth Press
• Poems (1930)
• Black Man and White Ladyship (1931) polemic pamphlet
• Negro (1934) anthology of African-American literature and art, editor
• Authors Take Sides (1937) pamphlet, compiler
• Los poetas del mundo defienden al pueblo español (1937, Paris) editor with Pablo Neruda
• Poems for France (1944)
• Releve into Marquis (1944)
• Grand Man: Memories of Norman Douglas (1954)
• GM: Memories of George Moore (1956)
• These Were the Hours: Memories of My Hours Press, Réanville and Paris, 1928-1931 (1969) autobiography

The Hogarth Press was founded in 1917 by Leonard and Virginia Woolf. ... Pablo Neruda as a Presidential candidate in 1970 Pablo Neruda (July 12, 1904 – September 23, 1973) was the pen name of the Chilean writer Ricardo Eliecer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto. ...

References

• Those Remarkable Cunards, Emerald and Nancy (1968) Daphne Fielding
• Nancy Cunard: Brave Poet, Indomitable Rebel 1896-1965 (1968) edited by Hugh Ford
• Nancy Cunard: A Biography (1979) Anne Chisholm
• Paris Was a Woman: Portraits from the Left Bank (2001) Andrea Weiss

External links

• List of works
• At Spartacus