Naples Yellow is a warm yellow pigment containing lead carbonate. Since it contains lead, this pigment is toxic. The pigment is ground in linseed oil to make an artist's oil colour. Manufacturers of Naples Yellow oil colour are Windsor and Newton among others. In biology, pigment is any material resulting in color in plant or animal cells which is the result of selective absorption. ... Sample of cerussite-bearing quartzite Cerussite (also known as Horn silver, Lead carbonate, White lead ore) is a mineral consisting of lead carbonate (PbCO3), and an important ore of lead. ...
It was with these issues in mind that Joris Dik and colleagues in the Laboratory for Crystallography at the University of Amsterdam trained a host of analytical instruments on a lead/antimony pigment known as NaplesYellow.
NaplesYellow, in particular, was manufactured by various methods as it was incorporated into numerous paintings produced between the sixteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Dik's collaboration studied NaplesYellow samples from historical paintings of known origins from various collections, such as the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam and the Getty Museum in Los Angeles.