Naqada or Naquada is a district and town about 30km north of Luxor on the west bank of the Nile in southern Egypt, (Upper Egypt),includes some villages such as Toukh,khatara ,Danfiq and zawayda. It stands near the site of a necropolis from the prehistoric, pre-dynastic period around 4400-3000 BCE. Naqada has given its name to the widespread Naqada culture that existed at the time, here, and at other sites including Badari, Gerzeh, Hierakonopolis (or Nekhen), and Qau. The large quantity of remains from Naqada have enabled the dating of the entire culture, throughout Egypt and environs. The River Nile at Luxor Pharaonic statue in Luxor Temple Hot-air ballooning in Luxor Luxor (Arabic: الأقصر ) is a city in Upper (southern) Egypt and the capital of the Al Uqsur governorate, population approximately 200,000. ... The Nile (Arabic: ‎, translit: , Ancient Egyptian iteru) is a major north-flowing river in Africa, generally regarded as the longest river on Earth, though some sources claim the Amazon in South America is longer. ... Map of Upper and Lower Egypt Ancient Egypt was divided into two kingdoms, known as Upper and Lower Egypt. ... View of the Etruscan necropolis of Banditaccia, in Cerveteri, Italy. ... The Predynastic Period of Egypt (prior to 3100 BC) is traditionally the period between the Early Neolithic and the beginning of the Pharaonic monarchy beginning with king Narmer. ... // Events 4860 BC - Mount Mazama in Oregon collapses, forming a caldera that later fills with water and becomes Crater Lake, the deepest lake in the United States. ... (31st century BC - 30th century BC - 29th century BC - other centuries) (4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC) Events 2925 - 2776 BC - First Dynasty wars in Egypt 2900 BC - Beginning of the Early Dynastic Period I in Mesopotamia. ... The Badarian culture provides the earliest direct evidence of agriculture in Upper Egypt. ... Gerzeh ( or Girza, Jirzah ) was a predynastic Egyptian cemetery (29°27N, 31°12E) located along the west bank of the Nile and today named after al-Girza, the nearby present day town in Egypt [1]. Gerzeh is situated only several miles due east of the lake of the... Nekhen (Greek: Hierakonpolis, Arabic: Kom El-Ahmar) was the religious and political capital of Upper Egypt at the end of the Predynastic period ( 3200- 3100 BC.) and probably also during the Early Dynastic Period ( 3100 - 2686 BC). ... Nekhen (Greek: Hierakonpolis, Arabic: Kom El-Ahmar) was the religious and political capital of Upper Egypt at the end of the Predynastic period ( 3200- 3100 BC.) and probably also during the Early Dynastic Period ( 3100 - 2686 BC). ...

Naqada dating scheme

Flinders Petrie

The Naqada period was first divided by the British Egyptologist William Flinders Petrie, who explored the site in 1894, into three sub-periods: Egyptologist Sir William Matthew Flinders Petrie (3 June 1853 - 28 July 1942) was a pioneer of systematic methodology in archaeology. ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

• Amratian (after the cemetery near El-Amrah)
• Gerzean (after the cemetery near Gerzeh)
• Semainian (after the cemetery near Es-Semaina)

Gerzeh ( or Girza, Jirzah ) was a predynastic Egyptian cemetery (29°27N, 31°12E) located along the west bank of the Nile and today named after al-Girza, the nearby present day town in Egypt [1]. Gerzeh is situated only several miles due east of the lake of the...

Modern

Petrie's chronology was superseded by that of Werner Kaiser in 1957. Kaiser's chronology began c. 4000 BC, but the modern version begins slightly earlier, as follows: 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

• Naqada I a-b-c (about 4400–3500 BCE)
  • black-topped and painted pottery
• Naqada II a-b-c (about 3500–3200 BCE)
  • this culture represented throughout Egypt
  • first marl pottery, and metalworking
• Naqada III a-b-c (about 3200–3000 BCE)
  • more elaborate grave goods
  • cylindrical jars
  • writing

Naqada III is the last phase of the Naqadan period. ... In archaeology and anthropology grave goods are the items interred along with the body. ...

Naqada in Popular Culture

The name Naqada, phonetically written as Naqahdah (also spelled "Naquahdah" or "Naquadah") [ˈnækwɪdʌ], was appropriated by the television series Stargate SG-1 as the name of a fictional substance. Naqahdah is a fictional, superheavy metal. It is also in the original Stargate movie, though never named, only described as a quartzite-like material. Diagram of a Naqahdah enhanced nuclear warhead nicknamed Goauld Buster from The Serpents Lair. ... Stargate SG-1 (often abbreviated as SG-1) is a science fiction television series based upon the 1994 science fiction film Stargate. ... Hot metal work from a blacksmith In chemistry, a metal (Greek: Metallon) is an element that readily forms positive ions (cations) and has metallic bonds. ... Quartzite Quartzite is a hard, metamorphic rock which was originally sandstone. ...

See also

• Predynastic Egypt