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The Narmada River in central India

The Narmada (Gujarati: નર્મદા Devanagri: नर्मदा or Nerbudda (Narbada) is a river in central India in Indian subcontinent. It forms the traditional boundary between North India and South India, and is a total of 1,289 km (801 mi) long. It is one of only three major rivers in pensinsular India that run from east to west, along with the Tapti and the Mahi river. It is the only river in India that flows in a rift valley. It rises on the summit of Amarkantak Hill in Madhya Pradesh state, and for the first 320 kilometres (200 miles) of its course winds among the Mandla Hills, which form the head of the Satpura Range; then at Jabalpur, passing through the 'Marble Rocks', it enters the Narmada Valley between the Vindhya and Satpura ranges, and pursues a direct westerly course to the Gulf of Cambay. It flows through the states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Gujarat, and empties into the Arabian Sea in the Bharuch District of Gujarat. Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Description La Narmadâ à Jabalpurthis photograph shows the backwaters of the narmada Source http://perso. ... Image File history File links Description La Narmadâ à Jabalpurthis photograph shows the backwaters of the narmada Source http://perso. ... Gujarati can mean two distinct things: The Gujarati language is a language spoken in India and Pakistan, mostly in and around the Gujarat state. ... च् + छ = च्छ Devanagari in Unicode The Unicode range for Devanagari is U+0900 . ... For other uses, see River (disambiguation). ... Map of South Asia (see note) This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia. ... Dark green region marks the approximate extent of northern India while the regions marked as light green lies within the sphere of north Indian influence. ... South India is a linguistic-cultural region of India that comprises the four states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu and the two Union Territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry, whose inhabitants are collectively referred to as South Indians. ... The Tapti River is a river of central India. ... The Mahi is a river in western India. ... African Rift Valley. ... Amarkantak is a unique natural heritage area in eastern Madhya Pradesh, India. ... , Madhya Pradesh (abbreviated as MP)   (HindÄ«: मध्य प्रदेश, English: , IPA: ), often called the Heart of India, is a state in central India. ... A kilometre (American spelling: kilometer) (symbol: km) is a unit of length equal to 1000 metres (from the Greek words khilia = thousand and metro = count/measure). ... The Satpura Range is a range of hills in central India. ... , Jabalpur (Hindi: जबलपुर, Urdu:جَبَل پُور ) is a city in the state of Madhya Pradesh in India. ... Marble Rocks is a location in central India where the Narmada river narrows to a width of 10 meters and carves through a large area of white marble creating a beautiful gorge of about 3Km. ... The Vindhya Range is a range of hills in central India, which geographically separates The Indian subcontinent into northern India and Southern India. ... The Gulf of Cambay (also the Gulf of Khambat) is an inlet of the Arabian Sea along the west coast of India, in the state of Gujarat. ... , Madhya Pradesh (abbreviated as MP)   (HindÄ«: मध्य प्रदेश, English: , IPA: ), often called the Heart of India, is a state in central India. ... , Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र , IPA:  , translation: Great Nation) is Indias third largest state in area and second largest in population after Uttar Pradesh. ... This article is for the Indian state. ... The Arabian Sea (Arabic: بحر العرب; transliterated: Bahr al-Arab) is a region of the Indian Ocean bounded on the east by India, on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by Arabian Peninsula, on the south, approximately, by a line between Cape Guardafui, the north-east point of Somalia... Bharuch (also known as Broach) is a district in south Gujarat state in India. ...

The Narmada Valley is a graben, a layered block of the earth's crust that dropped down relative to the blocks on either side due to ancient spreading of the earth's crust. Two normal faults, known as the Narmada North fault and Narmada South fault, parallel the river's course, and mark the boundary between the Narmada block and the Vindhya and Satpura blocks or horsts which rose relative to the Narmada Graben. The Narmada's watershed includes the northern slopes of the Satpuras, and the steep southern slope of the Vindhyas, but not the Vindhyan tableland, the streams from which flow into the Ganges and Yamuna. The Narmada valley is considered extremely important for paleontological studies in India. Several dinosaur fossils have been found in the area including Titanosaurus indicus found in 1877 by Richard Lydekker and the recently discovered Rajasaurus narmadensis. USGS image A graben is a depressed block of land bordered by parallel faults. ... Old fault exposed by roadcut near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. ... USGS image In physical geography and geology, a horst is the raised fault block bounded by normal faults. ... In geology and earth science, a plateau (alternatively spelt in a false French spelling plâteau, the real spelling in French being plateau) is an area of highland, usually consisting of relatively flat open country if the uplift was recent in geologic history. ... “Ganga” redirects here. ... Not to be confused with the nearby Jamuna River a tributary of the Meghna River, which is sometimes confused both in older historical literature, and by translations of the local dialects. ... A paleontologist carefully chips rock from a column of dinosaur vertebrae. ... Orders & Suborders Saurischia Sauropodomorpha Theropoda Ornithischia Thyreophora Ornithopoda Marginocephalia Dinosaurs were vertebrate animals that dominated the terrestrial ecosystem for over 160 million years, first appearing approximately 230 million years ago. ... A fossil Ammonite Fossils are the mineralized remains of animals or plants or other traces such as footprints. ... Richard Lydekker (1849 - April 16, 1915) was an English naturalist, geologist and writer of numerous books on natural history. ... Rajasaurus narmadensis is a bipedal theropod dinosaur identified by Chicago paleontologists Paul Sereno and Jeff Wilson. ...

The Narmada river is considered extremely holy by Hindus. It is said that just the sight of the river is enough to wash away all sins. The river has beautiful ghats built on its banks in Hoshangabad. Its longest tributary is the Tawa, which joins the Narmada at Bandra Bhan in Hoshangabad District, Madhya Pradesh. After leaving Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra, the river widens out in the fertile district of Bharuch. Below Bharuch city it forms a 20 kilometre wide estuary where it enters the Gulf of Cambay. The Narmada river is not only used for irrigation, but for navigation. In the rainy season boats of considerable size sail about 100 kilometres above Bharuch city. Seagoing vessels of about 70 tons frequent the port of Bharuch, but they are entirely dependent on the tide. Desaswamedh Ghat in Varanasi, crowded with pilgrims at sunrise. ... Hoshangabad is a city in the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh state, central India. ... The Tawa River is a tributary of the Narmada River of central India. ... Hoshangabad District is one of the districts of Madhya Pradesh state of India, and Hoshangabad town is the district headquarters. ... For other meanings, see Estuary (disambiguation) Rio de la Plata estuary An estuary is a semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. ... Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the soil usually for assisting in growing crops. ... Table of geography, hydrography, and navigation, from the 1728 Cyclopaedia. ... The wet season is a term commonly used when describing the weather in the tropics. ... For other uses, see Boat (disambiguation). ...

Sardar Sarovar Project

The Sardar Sarovar Project was first conceived in the 1940s by India's first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, but the project didn't begin to become a reality until 1979. The goal of the project is to create around 3200 small, medium and large dams along the length of the river, with the Sardar Sarovar dam being the largest. The Narmada Dam Project, known officially as the Sardar Sarovar Project (SSP), is a project involving the construction of a series of large hydroelectric dams on the Narmada River in India. ... Jawaharlal Nehru (Hindi: , IPA: , from Persian Javâher-e Laal, meaning Red Jewel) (November 14, 1889 – May 27, 1964) was a political leader of the Indian National Congress, a pivotal figure in the Indian independence movement and the first Prime Minister of Independent India. ... DAMS is a racing team from France, involved in many areas of motorsports. ...

Proponents of the dam project argue that the dam will provide hydroelectric power to the entire region, as well as helping to irrigate the arid regions of Gujarat, namely north Gujarat, Saurashtra, and Kachchh (also sometimes spelled Kutch). The combined benefits would reach some 50 million people. Hydroelectric dam diagram The waters of Llyn Stwlan, the upper reservoir of the Ffestiniog Pumped-Storage Scheme in north Wales, can just be glimpsed on the right. ... Saurashtra in between Gulf of Kutch and Gulf of Khambat. ... Kutch (also Cutch or Kachh) is a district of Gujarat state in western India. ...

Those who oppose the dam counter that the damage caused by the dam will far outweigh any potential benefits. The group Narmada Bachao Andolan (Save the Narmada Movement) leads the opponents of the dam's construction, and maintains that besides causing serious damage to the region's natural ecology (a recognized consequence of large-scale dam construction), will cause the displacement of millions of poor peasants and tribal members, causing not only a loss of livelihood, but a loss of an historical way of life. Some scientists have also claimed that building the dam will make the region more prone to earthquakes, and there are concerns over whether or not the state could adequately maintain the dam. Furthermore, the river supplies water to residents in Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chattisgarh, and Rajasthan, and there are fears that the dam will block the flow of water to these regions, causing widespread devastation in some of the most arid parts of India. Over the past decade, major international organizations such as the World Bank have withdrawn funding for the project, citing such concerns. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For a List of scientists, see: List of anthropologists List of astronomers List of biologists List of chemists List of computer scientists List of economists List of engineers List of geologists List of inventors List of mathematicians List of meteorologists List of physicists Scientist pairs List of scientist pairs See... Global earthquake epicenters, 1963–1998. ... Chhattisgarh (छत्तीसगढ़), a state in central India, formed when the sixteen southeastern districts of Madhya Pradesh gained statehood on November 1, 2000. ... , Rājasthān (DevanāgarÄ«: राजस्थान, IPA: )   is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area. ... ...

The dam has caused such controversy that in 1999, a case against its construction went to the Indian Supreme Court, which ruled in favour of the state, criticizing the actions of Narmada Bachao Andolan. The court set the height of the dam at 90 [metres] until an environmental task-force had examined the issue. However, the Supreme Court also ordered rehabilitation for all those affected by the dam's construction, and in March 2005 ruled to halt construction on the dam until this had happened. Construction of the dam is now halted at 110.6 metres, a figure that is much higher than the 88 metres proposed by the activists, and lower than the 130 metres that the dam is eventually supposed to reach. It is unclear at this point what the final outcome of the project will be or when it will be completed, though the entire project is meant to be finished by 2025. The supreme court is the apex court in India and is the court of final appeal for all legal matters. ...

The conflict over the dam is presented in a 2002 documentary called Drowned Out, which features members of the Adivasi people, and activist Arundhati Roy. NANNY Thanks for experimenting with Wikipedia. ... Ādivāsīs (आदिवासी), literally original inhabitants, comprise a substantial indigenous minority of the population of India. ...

Major Towns and Cities along the river

• Jabalpur, Barwani, Hoshangabad,Harda, Narmada Nagar Omkareshwar, Dewas(Nemavar, kity, pipri), Mandla and Maheshwar in Madhya Pradesh.
• Bharuch in Gujarat.

, Jabalpur (Hindi: जबलपुर, Urdu:جَبَل پُور ) is a city in the state of Madhya Pradesh in India. ... Barwani also known as Badwani or Siddh Nagar, is a town in southwestern Madhya Pradesh state of India. ... Hoshangabad is a city in the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh state, central India. ... Omkareshwar is a Hindu temple in Madhya Pradesh state in India. ... Mandla is a town in Madhya Pradesh in India. ... Maheshwar is a town in Khargone district of Madhya Pradesh state, in central India. ... Bharuch is a city and a municipality in Bharuch district in the state of Gujarat, India. ...

Narmada in Indian history

Chalukya emperor Pulakeshin II defeated emperor Harshavardhana of Kannauj on the banks of Narmada. The Chalukya dynasty (Kannada: ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು) was a powerful Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and the 12th century C.E. They began to assert their independence at the decline of the Satavahana empire and rapidly rose to prominence during the reign of... Pulakesi II (Kannada: ಇಮ್ಮಡಿ ಪುಲಿಕೇಶಿ) (610 - 642 CE) is the most famous ruler of the Chalukya dynasty. ... Harsha or Harshavardhana (606-648) was an Indian emperor who ruled northern India as paramount monarch for over forty years. ... Kannauj (Hindi कन्नौज), sometimes improperly spelt Kanauj, is an ancient city lying in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ...

The Narmada in Hinduism

The Narmada River is one of the most important sacred rivers, believed to have descended from the sky by the order of Lord Shiva. It is said that the mere sight of the river will make a pilgrim pure because of its sanctity. As a result, the river represents an important pilgrimage site, and one of the highest acts a pilgrim can perform is to walk from the sea to the source of the river, in the Maikal Mountains and back along the opposite bank, a process that can take one to two years to complete. The town of Maheshwar is a particularly important pilgrimage site along the route of the river. Shiva (IAST: , also spelled Siva; Hindi, Shiv) is one of the principal deities of Hinduism. ... Monument to pilgrims in Burgos, Spain This article is on religious pilgrims. ... This article is about the religious or spiritual journey. ... Maheshwar is a town in Khargone district of Madhya Pradesh state, in central India. ...

The Narmada is closely associated with Lord Shiva. Naturally formed smooth stones called banas, made of cryptocrytalline quartz, are found in Narmada which are known as Shivalingas; the rare and unique markings on them are regarded by shaivaites as very auspicious. The Brihadeeswara Temple in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, constructed by Rajaraja Chola, has one of the biggest Bana Shivalingas. Adi Shankara met his guru Govinda Bhagavatpada on the banks of river Narmada. Shiva (IAST: , also spelled Siva; Hindi, Shiv) is one of the principal deities of Hinduism. ... Linga worship (Estate of Cynthia and Harlen Welsh) Lingam or Linga (Sanskrit: Gender as in purusha-linga : Phallus) is used as a symbol for the worship of the Hindu God Shiva. ... Śaivism is a branch of Hinduism that worships Siva as the Supreme God. ... The Brihadisvara temple is an ancient Hindu temple located at Thanjavur in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. ... , “Tanjore” redirects here. ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ... Rajaraja Chola the first is considered the greatest of all Chola kings. ... Bana may refer to: Bana, Gabon Bana, a village in Rajasthan state of India Bana, a popular balladeer from Cape Verde Bana, a village in Hungary Banasur, an asura in Hindu mythology Banabhatta, a 7th century Indian writer Bana, one of the 8 departments of the Balé Province of Burkina... Adi Shankara (Malayalam: ആദി ശങ്കരന്‍, DevanāgarÄ«: , , IPA: ); c. ... A Guru (Sanskrit: ), is a teacher in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Sikhism, as well as in many new religious movements. ...

The Narmada River is also worshipped as mother goddess by Narmadeeya Brahmins.Reva is another name of Narmada River. Narmadeeya Brahmins are the sub-caste of brahmins who are found near the banks of river narmada. ...

References

• Sardar Sarovar, the Report of the Independent Review, Bradford Morse and Thomas Berger, Edited by The Independent Review, 1992.
• Tapo Bhoomi Narmada, in Six Volumes,in Bengali, by Pandit Shailendra Narayan Ghosal Shastri,Journal of pilgrimage on the shores of Narmada,1948 - 1950.
• The most important pace on narmada bank is omkareshwar shiv temple,it is among the twelve jyotirligas spred throught india,

Thomas Berger (born 1933), Canadian politician Thomas Berger, U.S. novelist (Little Big Man) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

External links

• Sardar Sarovar Narmada Nigam Ltd., company which built the dam
• Friends of River Narmada, opponents of the dam
• Holy Rivers of India
• The Greater Common Good - Arundhati Roy