Narodnaya Volya (Народная воля in Russian, known as People’s Will in English) was a Russian revolutionary organization in the early 1880s. It was formed in August 1879, after Land and Liberty (Zemlya i volya) had split in two: Narodnaya Volya and Cherniy Peredel (Black repartition). (The word 'volya' means both 'will' and 'liberty' in Russian.) The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... A revolutionary is a person who either advocates or actively engages in some kind of revolution. ... // Events and Trends Technology Development and commercial production of electric lighting Development and commercial production of gasoline-powered automobile by Karl Benz, Gottlieb Daimler and Maybach First commercial production and sales of phonographs and phonograph recordings. ... 1879 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Zemlya i volya (Земля и воля in Russian, or Land and Liberty), a Russian clandestine revolutionary organization of Narodniki in the 1870s, founded in Petersburg in 1876. ... Black repartition (Чёрный передел in Russian, or Chyornyi peredel), a party of socialists-federalists and a revolutionary populist organization in Russia in the early 1880s. ...

Its founders were professional revolutionaries — supporters of political struggle against autocracy. They created a centralized, well disguised, and most significant organization in a time of diverse liberation movements in Russia. Narodnaya Volya was led by its Executive Committee: Alexander Mikhailov, Aleksandr Kvyatkovsky, Andrei Zhelyabov, Sophia Perovskaya, Vera Figner, Nikolai Morozov, Mikhail Frolenko, Lev Tikhomirov, Alexander Barannikov, Anna Yakimova, Maria Oshanina and others. ... Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Kvyatkovsky (Александр Александрович Квятковский in Russian) (January, 1853 — 11. ... Zhelyabov, Andrey Ivanovich (Желябов, Андрей Иванович in Russian) (August 17(29), 1851 – April 3(15), 1881), Russian revolutionary, member of the Executive Committee of Narodnaya Volya. ... Sophia Lvovna Perovskaya (Перовская, Софья Львовна in Russian) (9. ... Vera Figner circa 1880 Vera Nikolayevna Figner (Filippova) (Вера Николаевна Фигнер (Филиппова)) (6. ... Nikolai Alexandrovich Morozov (Никола́й Алекса́ндрович Моро́зов) (July 7, 1854 – July 30, 1946) was a Russian scientist and revolutionary. ...

The Executive Committee was in charge of a network of local and special groups (comprised of workers, students, and members of the military). In 1879–1883, Narodnaya Volya had affiliates in almost 50 cities, especially in Ukraine and the Volga region. Though the number of its members never exceeded 500, Narodnaya Volya had a few thousand followers. 1879 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1883 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... An affiliate is an entity with a relationship with a peer or a larger entity. ... For other meanings of the word Volga see Volga (disambiguation) Волга Length 3,690 km Elevation of the source 225 m Average discharge  ? m³/s Area watershed 1. ...

The Program of Narodnaya Volya

Narodnaya Volya’s Program contained the following demands: convocation of the Constituent Assembly (for designing a Constitution); introduction of universal suffrage; permanent people’s representation, freedom of speech, press, and assembly; communal self-government; exchange of the permanent army with a people’s volunteer corps; transfer of land to the people; and granting oppressed peoples the right to self-determination. A Convocation is a group of people formally assembled for a special purpose. ... A constituent assembly is a body elected with the purpose of drafting, and in some cases, adopting a constitution. ... Universal suffrage (also general suffrage or common suffrage) consists of the extension of suffrage, or the right to vote, to all adults, without distinction as to race, sex, belief or social status. ... In mathematics, a group representation is a way of viewing a group in some more concrete way. ... A public demonstration Freedom of speech is often regarded as an integral concept in modern liberal democracies, where it is understood to outlaw censorship. ... Press is a general term having a number of related meanings stemming from the original definition of pressing as the physical action of applying force: Things relating to Metalworking: Machine press, a machine that shapes material by the application of pressure; Flypress, a machine that cuts material by pressing with... Assembly may refer to the following things: In politics, any body meeting together to discuss matters, a parliament or a legislative assembly such as the French revolutionary Legislative Assembly, or a body more designed to mediate between otherwise independent bodies, such as the United Nations General Assembly. ... Self-governance is an abstract concept that refers to several scales of organization. ... Self-determination is a principle in international law that a people ought to be able to determine their own governmental forms and structure free from outside influence. ...

Narodnaya Volya's Program was a mix of democratic and socialist reforms, with the emphasis on democratic reforms. Acknowledging the necessity of political struggle with autocracy, Narodnaya Volya made a big step forward compared to Narodniki. However, they remained socialist utopians, still sharing principal ideas of Narodniki, especially the one about the possibility to achieve socialism in Russia through a peasant revolution, bypassing the stage of capitalism. Democracy is a form of government under which the power to alter the laws and structures of government lies, ultimately, with the citizenry. ... The color red and particularly the red flag are traditional symbols of Socialism. ... Reform can refer to: Reform (think tank) Reform, Alabama Reform Judaism Reform movement Reform of an individual, from conditions stemming from crime, drugs, or physical maladies. ... The word emphasis, in addition to its main dictionary meaning, may have the following techincal meanings. ... This article or section should be merged with Narodism Narodniks was the name for Russian revolutionaries of the 1860s and 1870s. ... See Utopia (disambiguation) for other meanings of this word Utopia, in its most common and general meaning, refers to a hypothetical perfect society. ... The color red and particularly the red flag are traditional symbols of Socialism. ... In a detail of Brueghels Land of Cockaigne (1567) a soft-boiled egg has little feet to rush to the luxuriating peasant who catches drops of honey on his tongue, while roast pigs roam wild: the 16th century was a good time for European peasants A peasant, from 15th... Look up Revolution on Wiktionary, the free dictionary This article is about revolution in the sense of a drastic change. ... In common usage capitalism refers to an economic system in which all or most of the means of production are privately owned and operated and where the investment of capital, and the production, distribution and prices of commodities (goods and services) are determined mainly in a free market, rather than...

Most of the members of Narodnaya Volya believed in the possibility of combining political and socialist revolutions, relying on socialist instincts of the Russian peasantry. Other members believed in a step-by-step revolution, meaning a political revolution would have to take place first and, after the autocracy had been overthown and democratic liberties established, revolutionaries would prepare people for the socialist revolution. The Liberal faction of Narodnaya Volya (which had no real influence) proposed to limit their demands to getting a Constitution from the tsarist government. The word liberty, when used alone, has several possible meanings in the English language. ... Look up liberal on Wiktionary, the free dictionary Liberal may refer to: Politics: Liberalism American liberalism, a political trend in the USA Political progressivism, a political ideology that is for change, often associated with liberal movements Liberty, the condition of being free from control or restrictions Liberal Party, members of... Росси́йская Импе́рия, (also Imperial Russia) covers the period of Russian history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great into the Russian Empire stretching from the Baltic to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposition of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start of the Russian Revolution...

Narodnaya Volya spread its propaganda through all strata of the population. Its newspapers, "Narodnaya Volya" and “The Worker’s Gazette”, were trying to popularize the idea of a political struggle with the autocracy. Their struggle to seize power in the country was crowned by the slogan “Now or never!”. Narodnaya Volya assigned the part of preparing and leading the uprising to the revolutionary minority; that is, to itself. The masses had to play the part of a “second fiddle”. This was exactly what the Soviet historians would later call a typical blanquism (see Louis Auguste Blanqui), meaning Narodnaya Volya understood political struggle only in terms of conspiracy and, therefore, looked more like a sect. North Korean propaganda showing a soldier destroying the United States Capitol building. ... For discussion regarding the term strata as used in geology, see stratum. ... Uprising is another word for rebellion. ... The definition of a minority group can vary, depending on specific context, but generally refers to either a sub-group that does not form either a majority or a plurality of the total population, or a group that, while not necessarily a numerical minority, is disadvantaged or otherwise has less... State motto (Russian): Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) (Translated: Workers of the world, unite!) Capital Moscow Official language None; Russian (de facto) Government Federation of Socialist republics/ Communist state Area  - Total  - % water Largest on the planet 22,402,200 km² ?% Population  - Total  - Density 3rd before collapse 293,047,571 (July... Louis Auguste Blanqui Louis Auguste Blanqui (February 8, 1805 - January 1, 1881) was a French political activist. ... As a legal term, a conspiracy is an agreement of two or more people to commit a crime, or to accomplish a legal end through illegal actions. ... A sect is a small religious or political group that has branched off from a larger established group. ...

Resort to terrorism

As time went by, terror was gaining more and more importance, as well. A special place in the history of Narodnaya Volya belongs to its “Terrorist faction”, whose members — including Aleksandr Ulyanov (Vladimir Lenin's brother) — are also known as Pervomartovtsi. Narodnaya Volya prepared 7 assassination attempts on the life of Alexander II of Russia (until they finally killed him), and later on Alexander III of Russia. Its terror frightened the government and persuaded it to make a few concessions. However, the regime soon realized that the revolutionaries had not enjoyed the support of the masses, which gave the regime all the more reason to counterattack. Narodnaya Volya lost its best and the brightest in this retaliation, and was rendered lifeless. In 1879–1883, there were more than 70 trials of N.v.’s members with about 2,000 people brought to trial (see Trial of the Fourteen). For the state of pronounced fear, see terror. ... Alexander Ulyanov Mugshot Aleksandr Ilyich Ulyanov (Александр Ильич Ульянов in Russian) (1866-May 8, 1887) was a Russian revolutionary, one of the leaders of Pervomartovtsi, older brother of V.I. Lenin. ... Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (Russian: Влади́мир Ильи́ч Ле́нин listen â–¶(?)), original surname Ulyanov (Улья́нов) (April 22 (April 10 (O.S.)), 1870 – January 21, 1924), was a Russian revolutionary, the leader of the Bolshevik party, the first Premier of the Soviet Union, and the main theorist of Leninism, which he described as an adaptation of Marxism to... Pervomartovtsi (Первомартовцы in Russian; a made-up word; if loosely translated into English, it means those who did something on the 1st of March), Russian revolutionaries, members of Narodnaya Volya, planners and executors of the assassination of Alexander II of Russia (March 1, 1881) and attempted murder of Alexander III... Jack Ruby murdered Lee Harvey Oswald, the alleged assassin of U.S. President John F. Kennedy, in a very public manner In its most common use, assassination has come to mean the killing of an important person. ... Alexander II (1818-1881) Alexander (Aleksandr) II (Russian: Александр II Николаевич) (April 17, 1818–March 13, 1881) was the Emperor (tsar) of Russia from March 2, 1855 until his assassination. ... Painting of Tsar Alexander III (1886), by Ivan Kramskoi (1837-1887), original, 41 x 36 in. ... In politics, a concession is the act of a candidate yielding to the other condidate. ... Counterattack is a military science term for a type of attack by defending force against an enemy attacking force. ... 1879 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1883 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... A trial is, in the most general sense, a test, usually a test to see whether something does or does not meet a given standard. ... The Trial of the Fourteen (Процесс 14-ти in Russian) was a trial of fourteen members of Narodnaya Volya. ...

Aftermath

After the assassination of Alexander II, Narodnaya Volya was going through a period of ideological and organizational crisis. The most significant attempts at reviving Narodnaya Volya are associated with the names of Gherman Lopatin (1884), Pyotr Yakubovich (1883–1884), Boris Orzhikh, Vladimir Bogoraz, L.Sternberg (1885), and S.Ginzburg (1889). Organizations similar to Narodnaya Volya in the 1890s (in St.Petersburg and abroad) pretty much abandoned many of the revolutionary ideas of Narodnaya Volya. 1884 is a leap year starting on Tuesday (click on link to calendar). ... 1883 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1884 is a leap year starting on Tuesday (click on link to calendar). ... Vladimir Bogoraz (April 27, 1865 — May 10, 1936) — russian writer, ethnographer. ... 1885 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1889 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The 1890s were sometimes referred to as the Mauve Decade, because William Henry Perkins aniline dye allowed the widespread use of that colour in fashion, and also as the Gay Nineties, under the then-current usage of the word gay which referred simply to merriment and frivolity, with no... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland...

Narodnaya Volya’s activity became one of the most important elements of the revolutionary situation in the late 1879–1880. However, its program’s groundlessness, ineffective tactics of political conspiracy, and preference of terrorism over other means of struggle failed. 1879 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1880 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Tactics is the collective name for methods of winning a small-scale conflict, performing an optimization, etc. ... The term terrorism is largely synonymous with political violence, and refers to a strategy of using coordinated attacks that typically fall outside the time, manner of conduct, and place commonly understood as representing the bounds of conventional warfare. ...

Modern usage of the name

In December 2001, a small nationalist party led by a veteran Russian nationalist politician Sergey Baburin was created under the name "Party of National Revival - Narodnaya Volya". Later Narodnaya Volya joined Rodina coalition what performed surprisingly well in the 2003 State Duma elections. Narodnaya Volya is seen by many as the most nationalist element in mostly leftist Rodina and a number of its members in the past were associated with Russian far right movements. Rodina (Russian родина) is a transliteration of a generic Russian word meaning place of birth. ... The State Duma (Russian: Государственная дума (Gosudarstvennaya Duma), common abbreviation: Госдума (Gosduma)) in the Russian Federation is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia (parliament), the upper house being the Federation Council of Russia. ... Rodina (Russian родина) is a transliteration of a generic Russian word meaning place of birth. ... The term far-right refers to the relative position a group or person occupies within a political spectrum. ...

External links

• Official website

See also: Narodnaja Volya (newspaper) For the 19th century Russian revolutionary group, see Narodnaya Volya. ...