Nathalie Sarraute (French IPA: [nata'li sa'ʀot]) (born July 18, 1900 in Ivanovo, Russia – died October 19, 1999 in Paris, France) was a lawyer and a Francophone writer of Russian Jewish origin. Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... July 18 is the 199th day (200th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 166 days remaining. ... Year 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar, but a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. ... Ivanovo (Russian: Ива́ново) is the administrative center of Ivanovo Oblast, Russia. ... October 19 is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... The Eiffel Tower has become the symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... For other uses, see Jew (disambiguation). ...

Sarraute was born as Natalia/Natacha Tcherniak in Ivanovo (then known as Ivanovo-Voznesensk), 300 km north-east of Moscow in 1900 (although later she cited the year of her birth as 1902, a figure still found in some reference works), and passed her childhood between France and Russia. In 1909, her father and she moved permanently to Paris. She studied law (at the Sorbonne), history (in Oxford), and sociology (in Berlin), and then became a lawyer. She was likewise interested in 20th century literature, especially in Marcel Proust and Virginia Woolf, who greatly affected her conception of the novel. Ivanovo (Russian: Ива́ново) is the administrative center of Ivanovo Oblast, Russia. ... Position of Moscow in Europe Coordinates: Country District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Government  - Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov Area  - City 1,081 km²  (417. ... 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Paris Eiffel tower as seen from the esplanade du Trocadéro. ... Literature of the twentieth century is, for the purpose of this article, literature written from 1900 to 1999. ... “Proust” redirects here. ... For the American childrens writer, see Virginia Euwer Wolff Virginia Woolf (née Stephen) (January 25, 1882 – March 28, 1941) was an English novelist and essayist regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the twentieth century. ...

In 1925, she married Raymond Sarraute, a fellow lawyer. In 1932 she wrote her first book, Tropismes, published in 1939, but the beginning of World War II prevented the book from achieving popularity. In 1941, she was released from her work as a lawyer because of the Nazi laws. During this time, she had to hide herself and to divorce her husband to protect him (although they stayed together). Nathalie dedicated herself to literature, writing Portrait of a Man Unknown (1948), a novel applauded by Jean-Paul Sartre (who also contributed a foreword). The novel only drew notice from literary insiders, as did her following novel Martereau. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (June 21, 1905 – April 15, 1980), normally known simply as Jean-Paul Sartre (pronounced: ), was a French existentialist philosopher and pioneer, dramatist and screenwriter, novelist and critic. ...

Her essay The Age of Suspicion.. (L'Ère du soupçon, 1956) served as a prime manifesto for the nouveau roman, alongside Alain Robbe-Grillet's For a New Novel. Sarraute became, along with Robbe-Grillet, Michel Butor and Claude Simon, one of the figures most associated with the rise of the nouveau roman. Nouveau roman refers to certain 1950s French novels that diverged from classical literary genres. ... Alain Robbe-Grillet Alain Robbe-Grillet (1922-) is a French writer and filmmaker, born in Brest, Finistère, France into a family of engineers and scientists. ... Michel Butor is a French post-World War II writer. ... Claude Simon (10 October 1913 – 6 July 2005) was the 1985 Nobel Laureate in Literature who in his novels combined the poets and the painters creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition. ...

Sarraute was awarded the Prix international de littérature for her novel The Golden Fruits in 1963. For Sarraute this novel led to greater popularity, and she was invited to public-speaking circuits in France and abroad. Since 1963, she also dabbled as dramatist and penned seven plays, including Le Silence (1963), Le Mensonge (1965) and Elle est là (1993).

Beside other essays, her novels included Between Life and Death (1968), The Use of Speech (1980) and You Don't Love Yourself (1989). Her works have been translated into more than 30 languages.

Her novels are often considered difficult, as they lack distinguishable characters and plots. Sarraute's primary emphasis is on the faithful depiction of psychological phenomena, as in The Golden Fruits, a novella consisting of characters' inner thoughts and public argument regarding an avant-garde novel, and The Planetarium (1959), a novel focusing on a young man's obsession with inheriting his aunt's apartment.

In contrast to the relative difficulty of Sarraute's novels, her memoir Childhood is considered a far easier read, and was adapted into a Broadway play starring Glenn Close. Childhood (song) Childhood is a broad term usually applied to the phase of development in humans between infancy and adulthood. ... Broadway theatre[1] is the most prestigious form of professional theatre in the U.S., as well as the most well known to the general public and most lucrative for the performers, technicians and others involved in putting on the shows. ... Glenn Close (born March 19, 1947) is a five time Academy Award-nominated American film and stage actress. ...

Nathalie Sarraute died when she was 99 years old.

Sarraute's daughter is the journalist Claude Sarraute, wife of French Academician Jean-François Revel. The Académie française (French Academy) is the pre-eminent French learned body on matters pertaining to the French language. ... Jean-François Revel (Marseille, France, January 19, 1924 – April 30, 2006 in Kremlin-Bicêtre) was a conservative French politician, journalist, author, prolific philosopher and member of the Academie Francaise since June 1998. ...

Partial bibliography

• Tropismes, 1939
• Portrait of a Man Unknown (Portrait d’un inconnu), 1948
• Martereau 1953 (novel)
• L'Ère du soupçon, 1956 (essay)
• The Planetarium, 1959 (novel)
• The Golden Fruits (Les Fruits d'or), 1963 (novel)
• Le Silence 1964 (theatre)
• Le Mensonge, 1966 (novel)
• Entre la vie et la mort 1968 (novel)
• Isma, ou ce qui s’appelle rien 1970 (theatre)
• Vous les entendez ? 1972 (novel)
• C’est beau 1975 (theatre)
• « disent les imbéciles », 1976 (novel)
• L’Usage de la parole 1980 (novel)
• Enfance 1983 (autobiography)
• Tu ne t’aimes pas 1989 (novel)
• Elle est là 1993 (Theatre)
• Pour un oui ou pour un non 1993 (theatre)
• Ici 1995 (novel)
• Ouvrez 1997 (novel)
• Lecture 1998

External links

• Brief biography (French)
• Critical bibliography (Auteurs.contemporain.info) (French)