Nathan Birnbaum.

Nathan Birnbaum (16 May 1864 – 2 April 1937) was Austrian journalist, Jewish philosopher, the founder of a Jewish nationalist organisation "Kadimah" ten years before Theodor Herzl became the leading spokesman of the Zionist movement. Birnbaum is credited for coining the term "Zionism". Sometimes he used the pseudonyms 'Mathias Ascher' or "Mathias Acher". Image File history File links Nathan Birnbaum ca. ... Image File history File links Nathan Birnbaum ca. ... May 16 is the 136th day of the year (137th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Jew (disambiguation). ... Jewish philosophy refers to the conjunction between serious study of philosophy and Jewish theology. ... A bilingual poster in Romanian and Hungarian promoting a film about Jewish settlement in Palestine, 1930s. ... Theodor Herzl, in his middle age. ... Zionism is a political movement that supports a homeland for the Jewish people in the Land of Israel, where Jewish nationhood is thought to have evolved somewhere between 1200 BCE and late Second Temple times,[1][2] and where Jewish kingdoms existed up to the 2nd century CE. Zionism is... A pseudonym (Greek: , pseudo + -onym: false name) is an artificial, fictitious name, also known as an alias, used by an individual as an alternative to a persons legal name. ...

Biography

Early life

Nathan Birnbaum was born into a Eastern European Jewish family in Vienna. After receiving a traditional religious education, he studied law, philosophy and Orientalism at the University of Vienna from 1882 to 1885. During his study, in 1883, Birnbaum, nineteen years old, founded Kadimah, the first Jewish student association in Vienna. In 1884, the first issue of Selbstemanzipation (Self-Emancipation) pamphlet appeared, made completely by Birnbaum himself. Pre-1989 division between the West (grey) and Eastern Bloc (orange) superimposed on current national boundaries: Russia (dark orange), other countries of the former USSR (medium orange),members of the Warsaw pact (light orange), and other former Communist regimes not aligned with Moscow (lightest orange). ... “Wien” redirects here. ... For other uses, see Law (disambiguation). ... Orientalism is the study of Near and Far Eastern societies and cultures, by Westerners. ... The University of Vienna (German: ) is a public university located in Vienna, Austria. ... ... “Wien” redirects here. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources properly. ...

In 1890 Birnbaum coined the terms "Zionist" and "Zionism". He married Rosa Korngut (1869–1934) and they had three sons: Solomon Birnbaum (1891–1989), Menachem Birnbaum (1893–1944), and Uriel Birnbaum (1894–1956). Solomon Birnbaum, also Salomon, Solomon A[scher] Birnbaum or Solomon Ascher, 24. ... Menachem Birnbaum (also: Menachem Ascher, Acher etc. ... Uriel Birnbaum (1894 in Wien - 1956 in Amersfoort (Netherlands) was an Austrian painter, caricaturist, writer and poet. ...

First Zionist Congress

1892 issue of Self Emancipation describing the principles of Zionism.

Birnbaum played a prominent part in the First Zionist Congress (1897) where he was elected Secretary General of the Zionist Organization Agudat Israel. Image File history File links 1892_Self_Emancipation_by_Birnbaum. ... Image File history File links 1892_Self_Emancipation_by_Birnbaum. ... The World Zionist Organization [WZO] was founded as the Zionist Organization [ZO] on September 3, 1897, at the First Zionist Congress held in Basel, Switzerland. ... Categories: Organization stubs | Israel-related stubs | Israeli political parties | Orthodox Judaism ...

Later life

Until his death, Birnbaum continued as a journalist, but turned away from Zionism. Birnbaum, in his youth, had been associated with and was one of the most important representatives of the cultural variant of Zionism, which promoted the settlement of Palestine without specific promotion of a Jewish state, and only through Chaim Weizmann was he drawn into political Zionism. Birnbaum continued, however, to advocate specifically for Eastern European Judaism, Hassidic culture and the Yiddish language. The book Der Judenstaat (The Jewish State, 1896) by Theodor Herzl. ... Chaim Azriel Weizmann (Hebrew: חיים עזריאל ויצמן) November 27, 1874 – November 9, 1952) was a chemist, statesman, President of the World Zionist Organization, first President of Israel (elected February 1, 1949, served 1949 - 1952) and founder of a research institute in Israel that eventually became the Weizmann Institute of Science. ... Pre-1989 division between the West (grey) and Eastern Bloc (orange) superimposed on current national boundaries: Russia (dark orange), other countries of the former USSR (medium orange),members of the Warsaw pact (light orange), and other former Communist regimes not aligned with Moscow (lightest orange). ... This article is about the Hasidic movement originating in Poland and Russia. ... Yiddish (Yid. ...

He was chief convenor for the First Conference for the Yiddish Language in Czernowitz on August 30–September 3, 1908. Later Birnbaum, who had at various points adopted almost every possible religious stance including atheism, subscribed to Orthodox Judaism Chernivtsi (Чернівці, Romanian: Cernăuţi, German: Czernowitz, Polish: Czerniowce, Hungarian: Csernovic, Yiddish: Chernovits) is a city in Northern Bukovina, Ukraine. ... is the 242nd day of the year (243rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... “Atheist” redirects here. ... Orthodox Judaism is the formulation of Judaism that adheres to a relatively strict interpretation and application of the laws and ethics first canonised in the Talmudic texts (Oral Torah) and as subsequently developed and applied by the later authorities known as the Gaonim, Rishonim, and Acharonim. ...

In 1933, at the time of the Nazi rise to power, Birnbaum with his family emigrated to the Netherlands. He died in Scheveningen in 1937 after a period of severe illness. National Socialism redirects here. ... Scheveningen pier Scheveningen is part of Den Haag, the Netherlands. ...

Works

• Ausgewählte Schriften zur jüdischen Frage, 2 Bände, 1910.
• Den Ostjuden Ihr Recht!; (Löwith) Vienna, 1915,
• Gottes Volk; (Löwith) Vienna, 1918,
• Um die Ewigkeit. Jüdische Essays; (Welt) Berlin, 1920,
• Im Dienste der Verheissung, Frankfurt 1927.
• Der Aufstieg; Berlin and Vienna, Jan. 1930 - Dec. 1932

References

• First Yiddisch Language Conference Tshernovits
• First Yiddish Language Conference By Nathan Birnbaum.

This article draws heavily on the corresponding article in the German Wikipedia (Retrieved 05:22, Feb 12, 2005 (UTC)). That, in turn, gives the following references:

• M. Kühntopf-Gentz, Nathan Birnbaum; Diss. Tübingen 1990. (In German.)
• Angelika M. Hausenbichl, Nathan Birnbaum. Seine Bemühungen um das jüdische Theater und die jüdische Kultur; Dipl.Arb. Wien 2001. (In German.)
• dies., Wirklich nur Politiker?; in: David. Jüdische Kulturzeitschrift 54 (09/2002). (In German.)
• Joshua A. Fishman, Ideology, Society and Language. The Oddysey of Nathan Birnbaum; Ann Arbor (Karoma Publ.) 1987. (In English.)
• Solomon Birnbaum, Nathan Birnbaum; in: Leo Jung (Hg.), Men of the Spirit, New York (Kymson Publ.) 1964. (In English.)
• S. A. Birnbaum, Nathan Birnbaum and National Autonomy; in: Josef Fraenkel (Hg.), The Jews of Austria, London 1967, 1970. (In English.)

An essay on Nathan Birnbaum's activities within Orthodox Judaism may be found at: Professor Joshua Aaron Fishman is an American social scientist and linguist at Stanford University. ...

• "Der Aufstieg": Dr. Nathan Birnbaum ZT"L, Ascent and Agudah By Rabbi Yosef Gavriel Bechhofer