Flag of the Russian Federation

The Hymn of the Russian Federation (Государственный гимн Российской Федерации, Gosudarstvenny Gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii) is the national anthem of Russia. The music of the anthem, composed by Alexander Alexandrov, was used for the Soviet anthem, but the revised lyrics were written by Sergey Mikhalkov in 2000. It was adopted in late 2000 by President Vladimir Putin and replaced the former anthem, The Patriotic Song. Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is evoking and eulogizing the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognzed either by a nations government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ... Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov (Александр Васильевич Александров) (1883-1946) was a Russian composer who created the musical score to the national anthem of both the Soviet Union and, when it was restored with new lyrics in 2001, the Russian Federation. ... The National Anthem of the Soviet Union (or Hymn, Russian Гимн Советского Союза, Gimn Sovetskogo Soyuza) replaced the Internationale as the national anthem on March 15, 1944. ... Sergey Vladimirovich Mikhalkov (born March 13, 1913) is a Russian lyricist and author of childrens books who has had the opportunity to write his countrys national anthem on two different occasions. ... (Russian: Влади́мир Влади́мирович Пу́тин, Vladímir Vladímirovich Pútin; born October 7, 1952) is a Russian politician, and the current President of the Russian Federation. ... The Patriotic Song (Патриотическая Песня; Patrioticheskaya Pesnya) was the national anthem of Russia from 1991 to 2000. ...

Before and after the adoption of the anthem, liberal groups raised concerns that the re-adoption of the Soviet anthem was returning Russia to the Soviet era. The revised lyrics removed mention of Lenin's ideas and the "unbreakable union" of the Soviet state, instead focusing on a country that is vast in distance and in resources that will be entrusted to future generations. (Russian: Влади́мир Ильи́ч Ле́нин, Vladimir Ilič Lenin; IPA:; born Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov; April 22 [O.S. April 10] 1870 – January 21, 1924), was a Communist revolutionary of Russia, the leader of the Bolshevik party, the first Premier of the Soviet Union, and the main theorist of what has come to be called... State motto (Russian): Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) (Translated: Workers of the world, unite!) Capital Moscow Official language None; Russian (de facto) Government Federation of Soviet republics Area  - Total  - % water 1st before collapse 22,402,200 km² Approx. ...

Historic anthems

Before Molitva russkikh (The Prayer of the Russians) was chosen to be the national anthem of Imperial Russia, various church hymns and military marches were used to honor the country and the Tsar. Molitva russkikh was adopted around 1815, and used lyrics by Vasily Zhukovsky set to the music of the British anthem, God Save the King.^[1] Molitva russkikh (The Prayer of Russians, Russian: ) was the national anthem of Russia starting from 1815 until 1833. ... Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start... On the publication of Pushkins first major work in 1820, Zhukovsky presented the younger poet with this famous portrait of himself, over the inscription: To the victorious disciple from his vanquished tutor. Vasily Andreyevich Zhukovsky (29 Jan/9 Feb 1783, Mishenskoe near Tula - 12/24 Apr 1852, Baden-Baden... This article is on the British patriotic anthem. ...

In 1833, Zhukovsky was asked again to write lyrics to a musical composition by Alexis Lvov called The Russian People's Prayer. It was well received by Nicholas I who chose the song, known more commonly as God Save the Tsar, to be the next anthem. The reasons for its selection was that the song sounded very close to a religious hymn and its musical style is closely similar to the other anthems used by European monarchs. God Save the Tsar was used until the 1917 October Revolution, when the Russian monarchy was overthrown.^[2] The tune is in several American hymnals with the words "God the Omnipotent! King who ordainest!/Thunder thy clarion, lightning thy throne! (etc.)" Nikolai I Pavlovich (Russian: Николай I Павлович), July 6 (June 25, Old Style), 1796–March 2 (February 18, Old Style), 1855), also Nicholas, was the Emperor of Russia from 1825 until 1855 and king of Poland from 1825 until 1831. ... God save the Tsar! was the national anthem of Imperial Russia. ... The October Revolution, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was the second phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, the first having been instigated by the events around the February Revolution. ...

Upon the removal of the Tsar and his family, two songs were used by the Bolsheviks as unofficial hymns from 1917 until 1918. The first song, Worker’s Marseillaise, was a modification of the French anthem La Marseillaise by Pyotr Lavrov. Created in 1875, its use as anthem was shortlived. Eugène Pottier, another French national, wrote the lyrics to the second anthem, L'Internationale ; the music for which was furnished by Pierre Degeyter, a Belgian composer. Translated into Russian by Arkadiy Yakovlevich Kots in 1902, the song was used as the anthem of the newly created Union of Soviet Socialist Republics from 1918 until 1944.^[1] La Marseillaise IPA: is the national anthem of France. ... The Internationale (LInternationale in French) is the most famous socialist (and anarchist and communist) song and one of the most widely recognized songs in the world. ... Soviet redirects here. ...

Music

Aleksander Alexandrov

The music of the national anthem, created by Alexandrov, has been used in several hymns and compositions before its use in the Russian anthem. The first time the music was used was in the Hymn of the Bolshevik Party, created in 1938. The music was chosen again as the National Anthem of the Soviet Union in 1944 by the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin. Before Alexandrov created the Bolshevik hymn, he first used pieces of the music in the song Zhit' stalo luchshe (Life has become better). Image File history File links Alexandr_Alexandrov_2. ... Image File history File links Alexandr_Alexandrov_2. ... Leaders of the Bolshevik Party and the Communist International, a painting by Malcolm McAllister on the Pathfinder Mural in New York City and on the cover of the book Lenin’s Final Fight published by Pathfinder. ... The National Anthem of the Soviet Union (or Hymn, Russian Гимн Советского Союза, Gimn Sovetskogo Soyuza) replaced the Internationale as the national anthem on March 15, 1944. ... (Russian: Ио́сиф Виссарио́нович Ста́лин, Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin; December 18 [O.S. December 6] 1878[1] – March 5, 1953), also spelled Josef Stalin, was the leader (Premier) of the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s to his death in 1953 and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet...

During the 2000 anthem debate, it was discussed in the newspaper Lenta.ru that the music Alexandrov created for the Soviet hymn was similar to Vasily Kalinnikov's 1892 overture Bylina.^[3] The supporters of the Soviet anthem used this fact in the various debates that took place in the Duma about the anthem change.^[4] There is no evidence that Alexandrov borrowed or used parts of Bylina in his compositions either intentionally or coincidently. Lenta. ... Vasily Kalinnikov (January 13 (January 1, Old Style), 1866 – January 11, 1901) was a Russian composer of two symphonies, several additional orchestral works and numerous songs, all of them imbued with characteristics of folksong. ... Bylina (Russian: были́на, also Byliny and Stariny) is a traditional epic, heroic narrative poetry of early East Slavs of Kievan Rus, the tradition continued in Russia and Ukraine. ... A Duma (Ду́ма in Russian) is any of various representative assemblies in modern Russia and Russian history. ...

Lyrics

Sergey Mikhalkov

Mikhalkov was asked by Stalin to write lyrics for the new Soviet hymn around the same time the music was being composed. In 1943, Mikhalkov and Georgian poet G. El-Registan completed the task of writing the lyrics, which were approved a year later. Upon the death of Stalin in 1953, the lyrics composed by Mikhalov and El-Registan were discarded during the process of destalinization by the government and continued to be used without any official lyrics. Mikhalkov wrote a set of new lyrics in 1970, but they were not submitted to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet until May 27, 1977. The new lyrics, which replaced any mentions of Stalin, were approved on September 1, 1977 and were made official with the printing of the new Soviet Constitution in October of 1977. These lyrics were used until 1991, when the Soviet Union separated into fifteen nation-states.^[5] Image File history File links Sergey_Mikhalkov_May_2005. ... Gabriel Arkadyevich Ureklyan (In Russian Габриэль Аркадьевич Уреклян) (1899 - 1945), better known as G. El-Registan (Г. Эль-Регистан), was an Armenian Soviet poet. ... De-Stalinization and the Khrushchev era For further details, see Nikita Khrushchev After Stalin had died in March 1953, he was succeeded by Nikita Khrushchev as First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and Georgi Malenkov as Premier of the Soviet Union. ... The Soviet Union was governed by four versions of its Constitution: 1918 Soviet Constitution 1924 Soviet Constitution 1936 Soviet Constitution 1977 Soviet Constitution The political theory underlying the Soviet Constitution differed from the political theory underlying constitutions in the West. ... The rise of Gorbachev Although reform stalled between 1964–1982, the generational shift gave new momentum for reform. ...

From 1991 through 2000, people sent more than 6,000 proposed versions of lyrics to the committee on the national anthem. Although most of the entries used Glinka's music, some of them were set to Alexandrov's music and to other tunes. In 2000, the Kremlin and President Putin first decided that Alexandrov's music was to be preferred, then picked the lyrics written by Mikhalkov out of the contest entries, and worked closely with Mikhalkov rewriting parts of his lyrics until the final version was produced. Before the official adoption of the anthem, the Kremlin released a section of the anthem, which made a reference to the flag and arms: Kremlin may informally refer to Government of the Soviet Union Government of Russia This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... Flag of the Russian Federation The flag of Russia is a tricolour of three equal horizontal fields, white on the top, blue in the middle and red on the bottom. ... Coat of Arms of Russian Federation. ...

Its mighty wings spread above us

The Russian eagle is hovering high

The Fatherland’s tricolor symbol

Is leading Russia’s peoples to victory^[6]

When the final changes to the lyrics were being made in December of 2000, the above section was not included. The new lyrics refer to the Russian homeland, spacious and grand, that is being entrusted to all generations by God. This is a complete change from the Soviet anthem lyrics, which speak highly of Lenin, communism, and pledge a "union of freeborn republics" will stand forever, united. Hymn of the Soviet Union (Гимн Советского Союза, Gimn Sovetskogo Soyuza) was the national anthem of the Soviet Union. ... Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ( Russian: Влади́мир Ильи́ч Ле́нин  listen?), original surname Ulyanov (Улья́нов) ( April 22 (April 10 ( O.S.)), 1870 – January 21, 1924), was a Russian revolutionary, the leader of the Bolshevik party, the first Premier of the Soviet Union, and the founder of the ideology of Leninism. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ...

Modern adoption

Before 2000, there were efforts to refine The Patriotic Song, the Russian anthem adopted in 1991 by then President Boris Yeltsin after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The main problem with the anthem, composed by Mikhail Glinka, was that it did not have any lyrics. Various attempts were made to compose lyrics for the anthem, including the 1990 composition of Viktor Radugin's Be glorious, Russia (Славься, Россия! ("Slav'sja, Rossija!), but none were adopted by Yeltsin. The Patriotic Song (Патриотическая Песня; Patrioticheskaya Pesnya) was the national anthem of Russia from 1991 to 2000. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The rise of Gorbachev Although reform stalled between 1964–1982, the generational shift gave new momentum for reform. ... Mikhail Glinka Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka (Russian: Mihail Ivanovič Glinka) (June 1 [O.S. May 20] 1804 - February 15 [O.S. February 3] 1857), was the first Russian composer to gain wide recognition inside his own country, and is often regarded as the father of Russian classical music. ...

Vladimir Putin

The anthem debate picked up momentum in October of 2000 when Yeltsin's successor Vladimir Putin commented that Russian athletes were silent when the Patriotic Song was played during the gold medal ceremonies at the 2000 Summer Olympic Games.^[7] CNN also reported that players of the football club Spartak Moscow complained that the wordless anthem "affected their morale and performance".^[8] Putin pressed for the former Soviet anthem to be selected as the new Russian anthem, but strongly suggested that new lyrics were to be written. The Duma voted 371-51-1 on December 8, 2000 to adopt the Soviet anthem and the new lyrics, written by Mikhalkov.^[9] Being signed into law by President Putin on December 20, the new anthem was first used officially on December 30 during a ceremony at the Great Kremlin Palace in Moscow.^[10] Image File history File links Vladimir_Putin_31_01_2006. ... Image File history File links Vladimir_Putin_31_01_2006. ... (Russian: Влади́мир Влади́мирович Пу́тин, Vladímir Vladímirovich Pútin; born October 7, 1952) is a Russian politician, and the current President of the Russian Federation. ... (Russian: Влади́мир Влади́мирович Пу́тин, Vladímir Vladímirovich Pútin; born October 7, 1952) is a Russian politician, and the current President of the Russian Federation. ... Gold Medal is an album by American band The Donnas, released in 2004. ... The Games of the XXVII Olympiad or the Millennium Olympics were the Summer Olympic Games held in 2000 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. ... The Cable News Network, usually referred to as CNN, is a cable television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner. ... Football (soccer) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... FC Spartak Moscow (Russian: ) is a football club from Moscow, Russia. ... The State Duma (Russian: Государственная дума (Gosudarstvennaya Duma), common abbreviation: Госдума (Gosduma)) in the Russian Federation is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia (legislature), the upper house being the Federation Council of Russia. ... December 20 is the 354th day of the year (355th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... December 30 is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 1 day remaining. ... Grand Kremlin Palace is famous for its obscenely lavish interiors. ...

Not everyone agreed with the adoption—Yeltsin said that Putin should not have changed the anthem merely to "follow blindly the mood of the people". The liberal political party Yabloko stated that the re-adoption of the Soviet anthem "deepened the schism in [Russian] society".^[11] The re-adoption of the Soviet anthem was supported by the Communist Party and by Putin himself. Those who opposed the Alexandrov music attempted to not only keep the Patriotic Song, but also to have the Duma vote on the Tsarist military march, Farewell of Slavianka. Yabloko logo Yabloko, (official title: the Russian Democratic Party Yabloko, in Russian: Российская демократическая партия Яблоко) is a Russian social-liberal party, led by Grigory Yavlinsky. ... Communist Party supporters attend a May Day rally in Moscow The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (Russian: Коммунистическая партия Российской Федерации = КПРФ; translit. ... Tsar (Bulgarian, Serbian and Macedonian цар, Russian (help· info), in scholarly transliteration respectively car and car ), often spelled Czar or Tzar and sometimes Csar or Zar in English, was the Slavonic title designating Emperor in the following states: Bulgaria in 913-1422 (for later usage in 1908-1946, see below) Serbia... Farewell of Slavianka (in Russian Прощание славянки - Proshchanie Slavianki) is a Russian patriotic march, written by the composer Vasily Agapkin in honour of the Bulgarian women bidding farewell to their husbands who left for the First Balkan War. ...

Regulations

When the anthem is played on TV, the Kremlin or the Russian flag are usually depicted

While it is the choice of the performer to execute the anthem using only music, only words or a combination of both, it must be performed using the official lyrics and music provided by law. After the performance is recorded, it can be used for any purpose, such as a radio or television broadcast. The anthem can be played during solemn or celebratory occasions, but it is required to be played at the swearing-in of the President of Russia, opening and closing sessions of the Duma and the Federation Council, and official state ceremonies. The anthem is also played on television and radio before the start and closing of programming or if the programming is continuous, the anthem is played at 2400 and 0600 hours. The anthem is also played at sporting events both in Russia and abroad, but according to the protocol of the organization that is hosting the games. When the anthem is played, all headgear must be removed and people must face the Russian flag, if it is present. Those who are in uniform must give a military salute when the anthem plays. Download high resolution version (1184x775, 436 KB)The Moscow Kremlin. ... Download high resolution version (1184x775, 436 KB)The Moscow Kremlin. ... The Moscow Kremlin The Moscow Kremlin (Russian: Московский Кремль) is the best known kremlin (Russian citadel). ... Flag of the Russian Federation The flag of Russia is a tricolour of three equal horizontal fields, white on the top, blue in the middle and red on the bottom. ... The President of Russia (ru: Президент России is the highest position within the Government of Russia. ... A Duma (Ду́ма in Russian) is any of various representative assemblies in modern Russia and Russian history. ... The Federation Council of Russia (Совет Федерации, Soviet Federatsii, Federal Soviet) is the upper house of the Federal Assembly of Russia (parliament of the Russian Federation), according to the 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation. ... The 24-hour clock is a convention of time-keeping in which the day runs from midnight to midnight and is divided into 24 hours, numbered from 0 to 23. ...

According to the Russian Law on Copyright and Neighboring Rights, state symbols are not protected by copyright. Thus, the anthem music and lyrics can be used and modified freely. Although the Russian Anthem Law^[12] suggests accountability for performing the anthem in a way that could cause offense and disrespect, no provisions in the other laws have been made yet that would define such acts and set a penalty.

On one occasion, Putin chastized the national soccer team in the summer of 2004 about the team's behavior during the playing of the anthem. Before the start of tournament matches in the 2004 European Football Championship tournament, the team was caught on camera chewing gum during the playing of the Russian anthem. Putin, using Leonid Tyagachyov, the head of the Russian Olympic Committee as his messenger, told the team to quit chewing gum and sing the anthem. This message was delivered after the Russian team lost to Spain during the tournament.^[13] First international Finland 2 - 1 Imperial Russia (Stockholm, Sweden; 30 June 1912) Russia 2 - 0 Mexico (Moscow, Russia; 16 August 1992) Largest win Russia 6 - 1 Cameroon (Palo Alto, USA; 28 June 1994) Worst defeat Germany 16 - 0 Imperial Russia (Stockholm, Sweden; 1 July 1912) Portugal 7 - 1 Russia (Lisbon... Euro 2004 Logo The 2004 UEFA European Football Championship, commonly called Euro 2004, was held in Portugal between 12 June and 4 July 2004. ...

Official lyrics

Media

Sheet music

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (900x1432, 85 KB) The official arrangement of the w:Hymn of the Russian Federation, created in 2001 by Pavel Ovsyannikov. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (900x1432, 85 KB) The official arrangement of the w:Hymn of the Russian Federation, created in 2001 by Pavel Ovsyannikov. ... Image File history File links Russian_Anthem_chorus. ... Image File history File links Russian_Anthem_instrumental. ... Image File history File links Zhit_stalo_luchche. ... Image File history File links Gimn_partii_bolshevikov. ...

References

This article is about the year 2000. ... December 8 is the 342nd day (343rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Peoples Daily (Chinese: 人民日报 Pinyin ) is the official newspaper of the Communist Party of China, published worldwide with a circulation of 3 to 4 million. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Гимн России

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Hymn of the Russian Federation

• (Russian) Government of Russia's website on the national symbols
  • President of Russia State Insignia - National Anthem, brief page in English
• Russian Anthems museum, an extensive collection of audio recordings including some 30 recordings of the current anthem