Manuscript of the speech at the opening ceremony of the Whampoa Military Academy, handwriting by Dr. Sun Yat-sen

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"National Anthem of the Republic of China" (Traditional Chinese: 中華民國國歌, Simplified Chinese: 中华民国国歌, Pinyin: Zhōnghuá Míngúo gúogē), is the current national anthem of the Republic of China (ROC). It discusses how the vision and hopes of a new nation and its people can and should be achieved and maintained using the Three Principles of the People. Informally, the song is sometimes known as "San Min Chu-i" or "Three Principles of the People" from its opening line, but this is never used in formal or official occasions. Image File history File links Sun_whampoa_speech_anthem. ... Image File history File links Sun_whampoa_speech_anthem. ... The Chinese Military Academy emblem includes its motto, which was first proclaimed by Sun Yat-sen at the Whampoa Academys opening in 1924. ... Dr. Sun Yat-sen (November 12, 1866 – March 12, 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader often referred to as the father of modern China. Sun played an instrumental role in the eventual overthrow of the Qing Dynasty in 1911. ... Image File history File links Zhongwen. ... Japanese name Kanji: Kana: Korean name Hangul: Hanja: Vietnamese name Quoc Ngu: Hantu: A Chinese character (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) is a logogram used in writing Chinese, Japanese, sometimes Korean, and formerly Vietnamese. ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is evoking and eulogizing the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognized either by a nations government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ... Anthem National Anthem of the Republic of China Capital (and largest city) Taipei1 Official languages Standard Mandarin (GuóyÇ”), Taiwanese, Aborigine Government Semi-presidential system  -  President Chen Shui-bian  -  Vice President Annette Lu  -  Premier Chang Chun-hsiung Establishment Xinhai Revolution   -  Independence declared October 10, 1911   -  Republic established January 1, 1912... Sun Yat-sen, who developed the Three Principles of the People. ...

History

The text of "National Anthem of the Republic of China" was the collaboration between several Kuomintang (KMT) members, The Kuomintang of China (abbreviation KMT) (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Tongyong Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung1-kuo2 Kuo2-min2-tang3) [1], also often translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party, is a political party in the Republic of China, now on Taiwan, and is currently the largest political party in...

• Hu Han-min (胡漢民 Hú Hànmín),
• Tai Chi-t'ao (戴季陶; Dài Jìtáo),
• Liao Chung-k'ai (廖仲愷 Liáo Zhōngkǎi)
• Shao Yüan-ch'ung (邵元沖 Shào Yuánchōng).

The text debuted on July 16, 1924 as the opening of a speech by Sun Yat-sen at the opening ceremony of the Whampoa Military Academy. Hu Han-min (Chinese: 胡漢民) (born in Pan-ya, Kiangsi province, China, December 9, 1879; died in Canton, May 12, 1936) was a revolutionary figure in China, a follower of Sun Yat-sen, and a leader of the Kuomintang (KMT) party until Hus 1931 split with Chiang Kai-shek. ... Tai Chi-tao (戴季陶; pinyin: Dài Jìtáo; 1890-February 21, 1949) was an early Kuomintang member and an a head of the Examination Yuan of the Republic of China. ... Liao Zhongkai (廖仲愷) (1877-1925), Kuomintang leader and financier. ... is the 197th day of the year (198th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Dr. Sun Yat-sen (November 12, 1866 – March 12, 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader often referred to as the father of modern China. Sun played an instrumental role in the eventual overthrow of the Qing Dynasty in 1911. ... The Chinese Military Academy emblem includes its motto, which was first proclaimed by Sun Yat-sen at the Whampoa Academys opening in 1924. ...

After the success of the Northern Expedition, the Kuomintang chose the text to be its party anthem and publicly solicited for accompanying music. Ch'eng Mao-yün (程懋筠; Chéng Màoyún) won in a contest of 139 participants. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... ... Cheng Mao-yün (程懋筠 pinyin: Chéng Màoyún) (1900 - 1957), Chinese composer, was a professor at National Central University and Hangzhou Societal University (杭州社會大學). He composed the National Anthem of the Republic of China. ...

On March 24, 1930, numerous Kuomintang members proposed to use the speech by Sun as the lyrics to the national anthem. Due to opposition over using a symbol of a political party to represent the entire nation, the National Anthem Editing and Research Committee (國歌編製研究委員會) was set up, which endorsed the KMT party song. On June 3, 1937, the Central Standing Committee (中央常務委員會) approved the proposal, and in 1943, the "Three Principles of the People" officially became the national anthem of the Republic of China. is the 83rd day of the year (84th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 154th day of the year (155th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The anthem was chosen as the world's best national anthem at the 1936 Summer Olympics.^{[citation needed]} The 1936 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XI Olympiad, were held in 1936 in Berlin, Germany. ...

Lyrics

National Anthem of the Republic of China(Sheet music)

The lyrics are in classical literary Chinese. For example, Image File history File links Download high resolution version (516x711, 44 KB) Summary The National Anthem Sheet of Taiwan Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (516x711, 44 KB) Summary The National Anthem Sheet of Taiwan Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Classical Chinese or Literary Chinese (文言, pinyin: wényán, literal meaning: literary language or 古文, literal: ancient written language) is a traditional style of written Chinese prose using grammar and vocabulary very different from any modern spoken form of Chinese. ...

• ěr (爾) is a literary equivalent of both singular and plural "you" depending on the context (你們). In this case, it is plural you.
• fěi (匪) is "not" (不 bù). And
• zī (咨) acts as an interjection in this national anthem context and is unused in that interjection capacity in the modern colloquial language.

In this respect, the national anthem of the Republic of China stands in contrast to the People's Republic of China's "The March of the Volunteers", which is written a few years later in modern vernacular Chinese entirely. An interjection is a part of speech that usually has no grammatical connection to the rest of the sentence and simply expresses emotion on the part of the speaker, although most interjections have clear definitions. ... Anthem National Anthem of the Republic of China Capital (and largest city) Taipei1 Official languages Standard Mandarin (GuóyÇ”), Taiwanese, Aborigine Government Semi-presidential system  -  President Chen Shui-bian  -  Vice President Annette Lu  -  Premier Chang Chun-hsiung Establishment Xinhai Revolution   -  Independence declared October 10, 1911   -  Republic established January 1, 1912... The March of the Volunteers (Simplified Chinese: 义勇军进行曲, pinyin: Yìyǒngjūn Jìnxíngqǔ) is the national anthem of the Peoples Republic of China, written in the midst of the Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) by the noted poet... Vernacular Chinese (pinyin: báihuà; Wade-Giles: paihua) is a style or register of the written Chinese language essentially modeled after the spoken language and associated with Standard Mandarin. ...

As well as being classical, the national anthem of the Republic of China is poetic. The style follows that of a four-character poem (四言詩), also called a four-character rhymed prose (四言韻文), first appeared in the Zhou Dynasty. The last character of each line rhymes in -ong (some are pinyinized as -eng). Because of the concise and compact nature of poetry, some words in the text have different interpretations, evident in the two translations below. Quatrain on Heavenly Mountain by Emperor Gaozong Hand-painted Chinese New Years duilian (對聯 couplet), a by-product of Chinese poetry, pasted on the sides of doors leading to peoples homes, at Lijiang City, Yunnan Poetry is the most highly regarded literary genre in ancient China. ... Rhymed prose is a literary form and literary genre, written in unmetrical rhymes. ... Boundaries of the Western Zhou Dynasty (1050 - 771 BC) in China The Zhou Dynasty (Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chou Ch`ao; 1122 BC to 256 BC [1] preceded by the Shang Dynasty and followed by the Qin Dynasty in China. ... Pinyin, more formally called Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the most common variant of Standard Mandarin romanization system in use. ...

Lines seven and eight of the Tu and literal translations seem to vary dramatically, but the Tu translation is actually just in inverse order, properly to suit a more native English word order. Also, "day" and "night" are replaced by the metonyms "sun" and "star". Also, classical Chinese poetry allows for a great amount of license in interpretation. In rhetoric and cognitive linguistics, metonymy (in Greek meta = after/later and onoma = name) is the use of a single characteristic to identify a more complex entity. ...

The real differences are caused by the official interpretations, where some political and martial words have their other significances emphasized:

1. "Our party" (吾黨) has been extended to be "our alliance", meaning "of us together", including the non-party members. (Translated in the Tu version as "our")
2. "Warriors" (多士) personifies the persistence and fighting spirits in all citizens, including the civilians. ("Comrades")
3. "Vanguard" (前鋒) symbolizes the "model citizens".

Such is taught in Taiwanese schools, but some consider the elaboration of those phrases to be an inconsistent and unfaithful interpretation of the original.

The "great unity" (大同) has been interpreted to mean "total world harmony" (世界大同) and is a Confucian term used in the Great Learning as the ultimate aim that humans should strive for. However, the term was also occasionally used in the nineteenth century as a translation of the term "socialism". Sun Yat-sen's philosophy was that by providing for a strong China which could relate to the world as an equal, world harmony could be achieved. The Great unity (大同, py. ... The Great Learning (Chinese: 大學, pinyin: Dà Xué) is the first of the Four books which were selected by Zhu Xi in the Song Dynasty as a foundational introduction to Confucianism. ... Socialism refers to a broad array of ideologies and movements which aim to improve society through collective and egalitarian action; and to a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to control by the community. ...

Use in Taiwan

It is generally heard on important occasions such as graduations and flag-raising ceremonies. But for many years it was played before all movie performances. The song was once used to identify illegal migrants to Taiwan from Fujian as they would not be able to sing the anthem. Reportedly this is no longer effective, as migrants to Taiwan now learn the song before crossing the straits.   (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Fu-chien; Postal map spelling: Fukien, Foukien; local transliteration Hokkien from Min Nan Hok-kiàn) is one of the provinces on the southeast coast of the Peoples Republic of China. ...

Because it was originally the party song of Kuomintang (KMT) and was drafted in Mainland China as the speech to Whampoa Military Academy (a military school founded by KMT), those strongly supporting Taiwan independence, have objected to its use as the national anthem. The phrase "our party" (吾黨) actually refers to the KMT, and so has been considered unsuitable for a national anthem. Due to the fact that Taiwan was no longer ruled by one party, the meaning of 「黨」 had been extended to a more general meaning as "we"——as it has been used long before the existence of political parties——where the word refers to a group people linked together by similar ideologies or common benefits. The Kuomintang of China (abbreviation KMT) (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Tongyong Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung1-kuo2 Kuo2-min2-tang3) [1], also often translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party, is a political party in the Republic of China, now on Taiwan, and is currently the largest political party in... ... The Chinese Military Academy emblem includes its motto, which was first proclaimed by Sun Yat-sen at the Whampoa Academys opening in 1924. ... Taiwan independence (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: , Pe̍h-oÄ“-jÄ«: Tâi-oân To̍k-li̍p Å«n-tōng; abbreviated to 台獨, Táidú, Tâi-to̍k) is a political movement whose goal is primarily to create an independent and sovereign Republic of Taiwan out of the...

The Democratic Progressive Party has accepted the current national anthem of the Republic of China but often plays it in a strongly Taiwanese context such as having it sung by a choir of Taiwanese aboriginals or in Taiwanese (Min Nan) or Hakka. In 2006, President Chen Shui-bian, after returning from an overseas trip to the ROC's diplomatic allies in Latin America, stated that he fully supports the National Anthem of the Republic of China. He said that the country's citizens must learn to sing the National Anthem proudly and loudly. He also stressed the need for government officials to also sing the anthem and not shun it. Without the government setting an example, it's not surprising that the citizens don't sing the anthem, said Chen. Chen Shui-bian bowed to an effigy of Sun Yat-sen, the founding father of the Republic of China. He also bowed to the flag of the ROC and sang the national anthem loudly once again, as he was presiding over a ceremony in Taipei. The Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; abbreviated to or ; Hanyu Pinyin: MínjìndÇŽng) is a major political party in the Republic of China which has traditionally been associated with the pan-green coalition and Taiwan independence although it has moderated its stance as it has... A Rukai villege Chief visiting Department of Anthropology in Tokyo Imperial University during the Japanese rule. ... Taiwanese (pe̍h-oÄ“-jÄ«: Tâi-oân-oÄ“ or Tâi-gí; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) is a variant of Amoy Min Nan Chinese spoken by about 70% of Taiwans population. ... Mǐn N n (Chinese: 閩南語), also spelt as Minnan or Min-nan; native name B ; literally means Southern Min or Southern Fujian and refers to the local language/dialect of southern Fujian province, China. ... Hakka (Simplified Chinese: 客家话, Traditional Chinese: 客家話, Pronunciation in Hakka: Hak-ka-fa/-va, Pinyin: Kèjiāhuà) is a spoken variation of the Chinese language spoken predominantly in southern China by the Hakka ethnic group and descendants in diaspora throughout East and Southeast Asia and around the world. ...

The song is banned in mainland China and although not formally banned in Hong Kong, its public performance there is strongly discouraged. At Chen Shui-bian's inauguration in 2000, the national anthem was sung by popular singer A-Mei, which led to her to be banned from touring in mainland China for a few months. ... Chen Shui-bian, President of the Republic of China Chen Shui-bian (ch. ... Chang Hui Mei, (Chinese: 張惠妹; pinyin: Zhāng Huì Mèi) (born August 9, 1972), better known as A-mei, is an aboriginal Taiwanese pop singer and occasional songwriter. ... ...

At international events such as Olympic Games when Taiwan is not allowed to use its official name as the ROC and is forced to use Chinese Taipei instead, the National Banner Song is played in place of the National Anthem of the Republic of China due to pressure from the People's Republic of China over the political status of Taiwan. The five Olympic rings were designed in 1913, adopted in 1914 and debuted at the Games at Antwerp, 1920. ... The National Banner Song (國旗歌; gúoqí gē) of the Republic of China is played during the raising and lowering of the Flag of the Republic of China. ... Taiwan Strait area The controversy regarding the political status of Taiwan hinges on whether Taiwan, including the Pescadores (Penghu), should remain the effective territory of the Republic of China (ROC), become unified with the territories now governed by the Peoples Republic of China (PRC), or become the Republic of...

See also

• Historical Chinese anthems
• History of Republic of China
• Sun Yat-sen
• Portal:Republic of China

A number of Chinese official and unofficial national anthems were made around the early 20th century, only two remain in use: the Three Principles of the People (Republic of China (Taiwan)) and the Peoples Republic of Chinas national anthem (The March of the Volunteers). The article below lists... The Republic of China succeeded the Qing Dynasty in China and ruled mainland China from 1912 to 1949 and has ruled Taiwan (along with several islands of Fujian) since 1945. ... Dr. Sun Yat-sen (November 12, 1866 – March 12, 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader often referred to as the father of modern China. Sun played an instrumental role in the eventual overthrow of the Qing Dynasty in 1911. ...

Media

Software development stages In computer programming, development stage terminology expresses how the development of a piece of software has progressed and how much further development it may require. ... Image File history File links ROC_National_Anthem_inst. ... Software development stages In computer programming, development stage terminology expresses how the development of a piece of software has progressed and how much further development it may require. ...

References

• Reed W. L. and Bristow M. J. (eds.) (2002) "National Anthems of the World", 10 ed., London: Cassell, p.526. ISBN 0-304-36382-0

External links

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

National Anthem of the Republic of China

• Introduce of ROC Anthem, by Government Information Office
• National Flag, Anthem and Flower of Republic of China
• A-Mei - A-Mei sings the Anthem at the Inauguration of President Chen Shui-Bian, shown on YouTube