This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims. Please improve the article by adding references. See the talk page for details. (June 2007)

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2007)

This article is part of the Third Position series. This series is linked to the Politics and Elections series International Third Position was a group formed by Nick Griffin and Derek Holland as a continuation of the Political Soldier movement. ... Image File history File links Celtic-style_crossed_circle. ... For other uses, see Politics (disambiguation). ...

Varieties of Third Positionism National anarchism National Bolshevism Strasserism National-Anarchism is a syncretic political current that developed in the 1990s out of an attempt by former Third Positionists to reconcile anarchism with nationalism and in some cases voluntary racial separatism. ... Strasserism refers to the strand of neo-Nazism that calls for socialism to be initiated alongside nationalism. ... Third Position political parties and movements International Third Position Official National Front Parti Communautaire National-Européen National Bolshevik Front National Bolshevik Party Black Front Parti Communautaire Européen International Third Position (ITP) was a United Kingdom group formed by the Italian Roberto Fiore and as a continuation of the Political Soldier movement that originated in the Third Positionist British National Front in the early 1980s. ... The Official National Front was the leading movement within the British National Front during the 1980s and stood opposed to the Flag Group. ... The Parti communautaire national-européen (PCN) is a Belgium-based political organisation led by Luc Michel. ... The National Bolshevik Front was the name initially applied to the Russian National Bolshevik Party of Eduard Limonov. ... The National Bolshevik Party (Russian: Национал-большевистская партия) (also known as Nazbol) is a political party which is dedicated to the ideology of National Bolshevism. ... Otto Strasser formed the Black Front after his expulsion from the NSDAP in 1930. ... The Parti Communautaire Européen (PCE) was a pan-European nationalist political party based in Belgium that had a platform similar to National Bolshevism. ... Related Subjects Fascist symbolism Holocaust denial Neo-fascism Political Soldier Strasserism White nationalism White supremacy As there were many different manifestations of fascism, especially during the interwar years, there were also many different symbols of Fascist movements. ... Richard Harwoods Did Six Million Really Die? Holocaust denial is the claim that the mainstream historical version of the Holocaust is either highly exaggerated or completely falsified. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Political Soldier was a political group within Britains National Front, centred on young radicals Nick Griffin, Patrick Harrington and Derek Holland, that began to emerge in the late 1970s with new destinations in mind for the movement. ... Strasserism refers to the strand of neo-Nazism that calls for socialism to be initiated alongside nationalism. ... White Nationalism (WN) advocates a racial definition (or redefinition) of white national identity, as opposed to multiculturalism. ... White supremacy is a racist ideology which holds the belief that white people are superior to other races. ...

Fascism Portal Politics Portal ·  v • d • e

National Bolshevism is a political movement that claims to combine elements of nationalism and Bolshevism.^[1] Eugène Delacroixs Liberty Leading the People, symbolizing French nationalism during the July Revolution 1830. ... Bolshevik Party Meeting. ...

National Bolshevism is often anti-capitalist in tone, and sympathetic towards certain nationalist forms of communism and socialism. Nevertheless, National Bolshevism is separate and distinct from National Communism. National Bolsheviks have historically defended both Stalinism and Strasserism, although in current times they don't wish to re-create those systems. The Nazbol officially promote a free socialist inner society combined with aggressive foreign policy to defend all Russian people. Economically, the National Bolsheviks support a mix of the New Economic Policy of Vladimir Lenin and fascist corporatism. The most recent explanations put forth on the official website of the party show a wish to nationalize large businesses and industries while supporting the growth of private small and medium business. This appeared along with statements that deny any links to fascism and point out how any antisemitism, xenophobia, or racism is against the principles of the Nazbol. These statements generally show the trends in liberalizations that have been demonstrated recently by Limonov's block, most strikingly represented by the NBP's membership in the OGF. This article lists ideologies opposed to capitalism and describes them briefly. ... This article is about the form of society and political movement. ... Socialism refers to the goal of a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to control by the community. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For architecture, see Stalinist architecture. ... Strasserism refers to the strand of neo-Nazism that calls for socialism to be initiated alongside nationalism. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Lenin redirects here. ... Fascism is a term used to describe authoritarian nationalist political ideologies or mass movements that are concerned with notions of cultural decline or decadence. ... Historically, corporatism or corporativism (Italian: corporativismo) refers to a political or economic system in which power is given to civic assemblies that represent economic, industrial, agrarian, social, cultural, and professional groups. ...

The ideology claims a direct link to Hegel, whom it presents as the father of idealism. The ideology is highly traditionalist in the mold of Julius Evola. Amongst other influences claimed by the movement are Georges Sorel, Otto Strasser and José Ortega y Gasset (although this last influence is largely because of his rejection of left and right labels, which is also a feature of National Bolshevism). Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (August 27, 1770 - November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher born in Stuttgart, Württemberg, in present-day southwest Germany. ... This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedias quality standards. ... The Traditionalist School of thought (not to be confused with Traditionalist Catholicism), attained its current form with the French metaphysician René Guénon, although its precepts are considered to be timeless and to be found in all authentic traditions. ... Julius Evola born Giulio Cesare Andrea Evola, aka Baron Evola (May 19, 1898-June 11, 1974), was an Italian esotericist and occult author, who wrote extensively on Hermeticism, the metaphysics of sex, Tantra, Buddhism, Taoism, mountaineering, the Holy Grail, militarism, aristocracy, on matters political, philosophical, historical, racial, religious, as well... Georges Eugène Sorel (2 November 1847-29 August 1922) was a French philosopher and theorist of revolutionary syndicalism. ... José Ortega y Gasset (May 9, 1883 - October 18, 1955) was a Spanish philosopher. ... Left wing redirects here. ... Right wing redirects here. ...

Today, Russia is considered to be the center of National Bolshevism, and almost all of the National Bolshevik parties and organizations in the world are connected to it. Amongst the leading practitioners and theorists of National Bolshevism are Aleksandr Dugin and Eduard Limonov, who leads the unregistered and banned National Bolshevik Party in Russia.^[2] National Bolsheviks participated in demonstrations against the G8 in Saint Petersberg.^[3] Influenced heavily by the idea of geopolitics, current Russian National Bolshevism movements propose a merger between Russia and the rest of Europe in a union to be known as Eurasia. Lately there rose an opposition to the efforts of Limonov to find allies even if they are pro-Western capitalists; some even left the National Bolshevik Party and formed the National Bolshevik Front.^[4] Aleksandr Gelevich Dugin (Russian: Александр Гельевич Дугин) (1962 - ) is a Russian scholar, political activist, and founder of the contemporary Russian school of geopolitics often known as Eurasianism. He is often seen to be an advocate of National Bolshevism. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The National Bolshevik Party (Russian: Национал-большевистская партия) (also known as Nazbol) is a political party which is dedicated to the ideology of National Bolshevism. ... Group of Eight redirects here. ... The Neva river has been called the main street of St Petersburg Saint Petersburg   listen? (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at... Geopolitics is the study that analyzes geography, history and social science with reference to spatial politics and patterns at various scales (ranging from home, city, region, state to international and cosmopolitics). ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Eurasia (disambiguation). ... Occident redirects here. ... The National Bolshevik Front was the name initially applied to the Russian National Bolshevik Party of Eduard Limonov. ...

There are National Bolshevik groups in Israel and in parts of the former Soviet Union, which are tied to the Russian National Bolshevik Party.^[5] Other groups, such as the Franco-Belgian Parti Communautaire National-Européen also share National Bolshevism's desire for the creation of a united Europe (as well as many of its economic ideas), and French political figure Christian Bouchet has also been influenced by the idea.^[6] Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Motto: Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité Liberty, Equality, Fraternity Anthem: La Marseillaise France() – on the European continent() – in the European Union() Capital (and largest city) Paris Official languages French Demonym French Government Unitary semi-presidential republic  -  President Nicolas Sarkozy  -  Prime Minister François Fillon Formation  -  French State 843 French State Formed   -  Current... The Parti communautaire national-européen (PCN) is a Belgium-based political organisation led by Luc Michel. ... Christian Bouchet (born January 17, 1955 in Angers) is a French far right journalist and politician. ...

Germany

National Bolshevism is said to have roots in World War I Germany, where nationalist writers such as Ernst Niekisch and Ernst Jünger were prepared to tolerate the spread of communism as long as it took on the clothes of nationalism and abandoned its internationalist mission.^[7] “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Eugène Delacroixs Liberty Leading the People, symbolizing French nationalism during the July Revolution 1830. ... Ernst Niekisch (May 23, 1889-May 27, 1967) was a prominent German exponent of National Bolshevism. ... Ernst Jünger Ernst Jünger, (March 29, 1895 – February 17, 1998) was a German author of novels and accounts of his war experiences. ... This article is about the form of society and political movement. ... International Socialism redirects here. ...

There was a current in the German Communist Party based around Heinrich Laufenberg and Friedrich Wolfheim of Hamburg that, in 1919, argued for collaboration between workers' organisations and the bosses to drive the French army from occupying the Ruhr. They visited Karl Radek in the Moabit prison in 1920. A Russian Bolshevik, Radek disagreed with Lenin's support for the treaties of Brest-Litovsk and Versailles. This current gravitated to the KPD(O) (Communist Party of Germany (Opposition)) despite their call for workers to give up their arms. At the August congress of the Communist Workers Party of Germany (KAPD), the first topic of debate was nation and class. Advertisement of the German Communist Party, Those who take nothing from the rich can give nothing to the poor. ... Heinrich Laufenberg (1872 - 1932) was a leading German communist and is claimed as a forerunner of National Bolshevism. ... Fritz Wolfheim (1888-1942), after several years spent in the United States, he became involved with the Industrial Workers of the World in San Francisco. ... For other uses, see Hamburg (disambiguation). ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... The French Army, officially the Armée de Terre (Army of the land), is the land-based component of the French Armed Forces and the largest. ... For the conurbation see Ruhr Area. ... Karl Radek Karl Radek Karl Berngardovich Radek (October 31 [O.S. October 19] 1885 - May 19, 1939) was a Bolshevik and an international Communist leader. ... Year 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the Bolshevik faction in the RSDLP 1903-1912. ... Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ( Russian: Влади́мир Ильи́ч Ле́нин  listen?), original surname Ulyanov (Улья́нов) ( April 22 (April 10 ( O.S.)), 1870 – January 21, 1924), was a Russian revolutionary, the leader of the Bolshevik party, the first Premier of the Soviet Union, and the founder of the ideology of Leninism. ... The first two pages of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, in (left to right) German, Hungarian, Bulgarian, Ottoman Turkish and Russian The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest, Belarus) between the Russian SFSR and the Central Powers, marking... This article is about the Treaty of Versailles of June 28, 1919, which ended World War I. For other uses, see Treaty of Versailles (disambiguation) . Left to right, Prime Minister David Lloyd George of the United Kingdom, Prime Minister Vittorio Emanuele Orlando of Italy, Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau of France... Communist Workers Party of Germany is the English name of the Kommunistischen Arbeiter-Partei Deutschlands and is more generally known by its initials KAPD. It was founded in April 1920 in Heidelberg as a split from the Kommunistischen Partei Deutschlands or KPD. Originally the party remained a sympathising member of... For other uses, see Nation (disambiguation). ... Social class refers to the hierarchical distinctions between individuals or groups in societies or cultures. ...

Arthur Goldstein rejected the notion of a "revolutionary people's war" with the German proletariat and the bourgeoisie uniting against the Entente bourgeoisie. He argued that any such war should be fought not for national victory but to overthrow the Entente Cordiale bourgeoisie and carry communism into the Entente countries as well. He further discussed how during the war, the National Bolsheviks had described the Spartakusbund's policy of inviting soldiers to leave the front as a "stab in the back". Goldstein stated, "In the text Communism against Spartacism, it is openly admitted that in Hamburg the nation is elevated to the starting point of politics, that therefore the concept of the nation is considered the most important, that it should be the measure for the politics of the German and international proletariat."^{[citation needed]} The proletariat (from Latin proles, offspring) is a term used to identify a lower social class; a member of such a class is proletarian. ... Bourgeois redirects here. ... The Entente Cordiale (cordial understanding) is a series of agreements signed on 8 April 1904 between the United Kingdom and France. ... This article is about the Spartacist League which existed in post-First World War Germany. ... Magazine title from 1924, example of a propaganda illustration in support of the legend The Stab-in-the-back myth (German: Dolchstoßlegende, literally Dagger stab legend) refers to a social myth and persecution-propaganda theory popular in Germany in the period after World War I through World War II...

Radek wanted some of the right-wing nationalists he had met in prison to unite with the Bolsheviks in the name of National Bolshevism. He saw in National Bolshevism a way to "remove the capitalist isolation" of the Soviet Union.^[1]

Paul Eltzbacher and Karl Haushofer theorized about an alliance between nationalist forces in Germany and the Soviet Union, although they did not use the term National Bolshevism. Paul Eltzbacher, (February 18, 1868 in Cologne to October 25, 1928 in Berlin), was a German lawyer and legal mind. ... General Karl Haushofer General Karl Ernst Haushofer (August 27, 1869, Munich - March 13, 1946, Pähl) was a German geopolitician. ...

Russia

Flag of the Russian National Bolsheviks.

In Russia, as the civil war dragged on, a number of prominent "Whites" switched to the Bolshevik side because they saw it as the only hope for restoring greatness to Russia. Amongst these was Professor Nikolai Ustrialov, initially an anti-communist, who came to believe that Bolshevism could be modified to serve nationalistic purposes. His followers, the Smenovekhovtsi (named after a series of articles he published in 1921 Smena vekh (Russian: volte-face), came to regard themselves as National Bolsheviks, borrowing the term from Niekisch. Similar ideas were expressed by the Evraziitsi party and the pro-Monarchist Mladorossi. Stalin's idea of "socialism in one country" was interpreted as a victory by the National Bolsheviks.^[8] Vladimir Lenin, who did not use the term 'National Bolshevism', identified the Smenovekhovtsi as a tendency of the old Constitutional Democratic Party who saw Russian communism as just an evolution in the process of Russian aggrandisement. He further added that they were a 'class enemy' and warned against communist believing them to be allies.^[9] Combatants Local Soviet powers led by Russian SFSR and Red Army Chinese mercenaries White Movement Central Powers (1917-1918): Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire German Empire Allied Intervention: (1918-1922) Japan Czechoslovakia Greece  United States  Canada Serbia Romania UK  France Foreign volunteers: Polish Italian Local nationalist movements, national states, and decentralist... White Army redirects here. ... Professor Nikolai Ustrialov was a leading pioneer of Russian National Bolshevism. ... The Smenovekhovtsy (Сменовеховцы) is the name for a political movement in the Russian emigré community that began shortly after the publication of the magazine Smena Vekh (translated Change of Signposts) in Prague, in the year 1921. ... Volte-face is a total change of position, as in policy or opinion; an about-face. ... The Eurasianists (Russian: Евразийцы, Evraziitsy) was a political movement in the Russian emigre community in the 1920s. ... The Union of Mladorossi (Soyuz Mladorossov, in Russian: Союз Младороссов) was a political group of Russian emigre monarchists (mostly living in Europe) who advocated a hybrid of Russian monarchy and the Soviet system, best evidenced by their motto Tsar and the Soviets. The organization started in 1923, as the Union of Young... Josef Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili (Georgian: , Ioseb Besarionis Dze Jughashvili; Russian: , Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili) (December 18 [O.S. December 6] 1878[1] – March 5, 1953), better known by his adopted name, Joseph Stalin (alternatively transliterated Josef Stalin), was General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Unions Central Committee from... Ideologies Communist internationals Prominent communists Related subjects Communism Portal Socialism in One Country was a thesis put forth by Joseph Stalin in 1924 in the second edition of his Foundations of Leninism, further developed by Nikolai Bukharin in 1925 and adopted as state policy Stalin. ... Lenin redirects here. ... The Constitutional Democratic Party (Constitutional Democrats, formally Party of Popular Freedom, informally Cadets) was a liberal political party in Tsarist Russia. ...

The term National Bolshevism has sometimes been applied to Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and his brand of anti-communism.^[10] However, Solzhenitsyn cannot be labeled a National Bolshevik since he was thoroughly anti-Marxist and anti-Stalinist, and he wished a revival of Russian culture that would see a greater role for the Russian Orthodox Church, a withdrawal of Russia from its role overseas, and a state of international isolationism.^[11] Solzhenitsyn and his follwoers, known as vozrozhdentsy (revivalists) differed from the National Bolsheviks, who were not religious in tone (although not completely hostile to religion), and who felt that involvement overseas was important for the prestige and power of Russia.^[12] There is open hostility between Solzhenitsyn and Eduard Limonov, the head of Russia's unregistered National Bolshevik Party. Solzhenitsyn has described Limonov as "a little insect who writes pornography", and Limonov described Solzhenitsyn as a traitor to his homeland who contributed to the downfall of the USSR. In The Oak and the Calf, Solzhenitsyn openly attacked the notions that the Russians were 'the noblest in the world' and that 'tsarism and Bolshevism ... [were] equally irreproachable', defining this as the core of the National Bolshevism to which he was opposed.^[13] Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn (Russian: , IPA:  ; born December 11, 1918) is a Russian novelist, dramatist and historian. ... Ideologies Communist internationals Prominent communists Related subjects Anti-communism refers to opposition to communism. ... The Russian culture is rooted in the early East Slavic culture. ... The Russian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate (Russian: ), also known as the Orthodox Christian Church of Russia, is a body of Christians who are united under the Patriarch of Moscow, who in turn is in communion with the other patriarchs and primates of the Eastern Orthodox Church. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Footnotes

The National Bolshevik Party (Russian: Национал-большевистская партия) (also known as Nazbol) is a political party which is dedicated to the ideology of National Bolshevism. ... Searchlight is a British anti-fascist magazine, founded in 1975, which publishes exposés about racism, antisemitism, and fascism in the UK. Searchlights main focus is on the British National Party (BNP), Combat 18, and other sections of the far right, although it has also published criticism of the... Martin A. Lee is an author and activist who has written extensively on far-right movements, terrorism, media issues and drug politics. ... The Beast Reawakens is a book by investigative journalist Martin A. Lee. ... Martin A. Lee is an author and activist who has written extensively on far-right movements, terrorism, media issues and drug politics. ... The Beast Reawakens is a book by investigative journalist Martin A. Lee. ...

See also

• Eduard Limonov
• Radical middle
• Eurasianism
• Third Position
• Bolshevism
• Nationalism
• National Socialism
• Strasserism

This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The neutrality of this article is disputed. ... The Eurasia Party was registered as a political party by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on 21 June 2002, approximately one year after the Pan-Russian Eurasia Movement was established by Aleksandr Dugin. ... International Third Position was a group formed by Nick Griffin and Derek Holland as a continuation of the Political Soldier movement. ... This article is about the Bolshevik faction in the RSDLP 1903-1912. ... Eugène Delacroixs Liberty Leading the People, symbolizing French nationalism during the July Revolution 1830. ... The term National socialism has been used in self-description by a number of unrelated political movements. ... Strasserism refers to the strand of neo-Nazism that calls for socialism to be initiated alongside nationalism. ...

External links

• Russian National Bolshevik Party
• On the Founding of the KAPD
• Russian National Bolshevism by Christian Bouchet
• The link to Ecologism
• Dugin's National Bolshevism
• Sutter's National Bolshevism
• National Bolshevik Party of Israel
• National Bolshevik Party USA
• National Bolshevik Party of Canada
• Article on National Bolshevism, National Communism and National Socialisms
• Brazilian National Comunists
• National Bolshevik Yahoogroup
• Russian National Bolshevik Front(NBP Without Limonov)