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The National Clandestine Service (NCS) is the American national authority for coordinating U.S. human intelligence (HUMINT) services. The organization absorbed the entirety of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)'s Directorate of Operations, and also coordinates HUMINT between the CIA and other agencies, including, but not limited to, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Defense Intelligence Agency, Air Intelligence Agency, Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM), Marine Corps Intelligence Activity, and Office of Naval Intelligence. The current Director of the NCS, Jose A. Rodriguez,Jr., was appointed on October 14, 2005. Jose reports to the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. Image File history File links Please see the file description page for further information. ... The Clandestine Service is the unofficial name for the United States Central Intelligence Agencys Directorate of Operations, which operates covertly in foreign countries. ... HUMINT, short for HUMan INTelligence, is an intelligence gathering discipline collecting information either by interviewing or tracking a subject of investigation, or by using a combination of black techniques to gain confessions or involuntary disclosure of information. ... The CIAs seal features an eagle atop a sixteen-point compass. ... Official FBI Seal The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a Federal criminal investigative and intelligence agency which is the principal investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ... DIA seal The Defense Intelligence Agency is a major producer and manager of intelligence for the United States Department of Defense. ... The AIA emblem Air Intelligence Agency (AIA), an agency of the United States Air Force, with headquarters at Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, was activated 1 October 1993. ... The Army intelligence logo. ... The Marine Corps Intelligence Activity (MCIA) is the military intelligence arm of the United States Marine Corps. ... The Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI) was established in the United States Navy in 1882 in the wake of the American Civil War. ... October 14 is the 287th day of the year (288th in Leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... In the United States, the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (D/CIA) serves as the head of the Central Intelligence Agency which is part of the U.S. Intelligence Community. ...

The NCS was created by a bill from U.S. Senator C. Patrick Roberts, in the wake of the September 11, 2001 attacks. The investigation by the 9/11 Commission reported that HUMINT had been severely degraded in the past two decades, principally because of the end of the Cold War and because of investigations by U.S. Senator Frank Church. The United States Senate is the upper house of the U.S. Congress, smaller than the United States House of Representatives. ... Charles Patrick Roberts (born April 20, 1936) is a United States Senator from Kansas. ... The resulting explosion after the crash of United Airlines Flight 175 into the South Tower. ... The Commissions seal The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, also known as the 9/11 Commission, was set up in late 2002 to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11, 2001 attacks including preparedness for and the immediate response... The Cold War was the protracted geopolitical, ideological, and economic struggle that emerged after World War II between the global superpowers of the Soviet Union and the United States, supported by their alliance partners. ... The Church Committee is the common term referring to the United States Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, a Senate committee chaired by Senator Frank Church (D-ID) in 1975. ...

The NCS has analogues in the National Security Agency (signals intelligence), the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (imagery intelligence), and the Defense Intelligence Agency (measurement and signature intelligence). NSA seal The National Security Agency / Central Security Service (NSA/CSS) is believed to be the largest United States government intelligence agency. ... SIGINT stands for SIGnals INTelligence, which is intelligence-gathering by interception of signals, whether by radio interception or other means. ... NGA seal The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) is a United States government agency responsible for the tasking (collection), exploitation (analysis), and dissemination (distribution) of Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT). ... IMINT, short for IMagery INTelligence, is an intelligence gathering discipline which collects information via satellite and aerial photography. ... DIA seal The Defense Intelligence Agency is a major producer and manager of intelligence for the United States Department of Defense. ... MASINT, short for Measurement and Signature Intelligence, refers to intelligence gathering activities that bring together disparate elements that do not fit within the definitions of Signals Intelligence (SIGINT), Imagery Intelligence (IMINT), or Human Intelligence (HUMINT). ...

Background

The Directorate of Operations was the branch of the CIA that ran covert operations and recruited foreign agents. The DO reportedly employed 1000-2000 people and was headed by a deputy director for operations (DDO). This directorate consisted of, among other subdivisions, a unit for political and economic covert action (the Covert Action Staff, or CAS), for paramilitary (PM) covert action (the Special Operations unit), for counterintelligence (the CI staff [CIS]), and for several geographic desks responsible for the collection of foreign intelligence. The CIA Seal The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an American intelligence agency, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. Government. ... Covert operations are military or political activities that are not only clandestine (undertaken in a manner that disguises the identity of the perpetrators) but also covert, i. ... A paramilitary organization is a group of civilians trained and organized in a military fashion. ... Emblem of the United States Special Operations Command. ... Counterintelligence or counter-espionage is the act of seeking and indentifying espionage activities. ...

The Directorate of Operations also housed special groups for conducting counterterrorism and counternarcotics, for tracking nuclear proliferation, and other tasks. Administrated by the DO, the PM group (Special Operations) maintained an elite cadre (Special Activities Division) that are highly skilled in weaponry; covert transport of personnel and material by air, sea, and land; guerrilla warfare; the use of explosives; and escape and evasion techniques. They were prepared to respond quickly to a myriad of possible needs, from parachute drops and communications support to assistance with counternarcotics operations and defector infiltration. Special Activities maintained a symbiotic relationship with the Special Forces, and is run largely by ex-Special Forces soldiers. Counter-terrorism refers to the practices, tactics, and strategies that governments, militaries, and other groups adopt in order to fight terrorism. ... Operation Mallorca, U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, 2005 [1] The War on Drugs is an initiative undertaken by the United States to carry out an all-out offensive (as President Nixon described it) against the prohibited use of certain legally controlled drugs. ... World map with nuclear weapons development status represented by color. ... The Special Activities Division (SAD) is a division of the Central Intelligence Agencys former Directorate of Operations, now the National Clandestine Service, responsible for covert paramilitary actions effected when the U.S. government does not wish to be associated with an operation. ... Guerrilla War redirects here. ... Escape and evasion (E&E) is an advanced skill taught to select personnel prone to enemy capture, particulary Special Forces soldiers and aviators. ... Special forces or special operations forces are military units which are formed and trained to conduct missions involving unconventional warfare, counter-terrorism, reconnaissance, direct action and foreign internal defence. ...

For PM tasks (special operations missions) and its other responsibilities, the Special Operations staff attempted to recruit assets with the appropriate specialized skills, though the geographic desks remain the principal units involved in the recruitment of personnel in so-called denied areas (Libya, Iraq, Iran, etc.). Special operations also provided special air, ground, maritime and training support for the Agency's intelligence gathering operations.

The DO has been subject to harsh criticism in the media, and due to its covert and independent nature did not, or could not, effectively respond. Its capabilities had been in decline since the Church Commission. Furthermore, the DO fought frequent "turf" battles amongst the Executive Branch bureaucracies, most prominently with the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Department of Defense. This was one of the principal reasons that the NCS was formed. The government of the United States, established by the United States Constitution, is a federal republic of 50 states, a few territories and some protectorates. ... Official FBI Seal The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a Federal criminal investigative and intelligence agency which is the principal investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ... The United States Department of Defense, abbreviated DoD or DOD and sometimes called the Defense Department, is a civilian Cabinet organization of the United States government. ...

See also

• Central Intelligence Agency
• Intelligence Community
• Special Operations
• "Wild Bill" Donovan
• Office of Strategic Services
• Church Commission

The CIAs seal features an eagle atop a sixteen-point compass. ... The Intelligence Community of the United States is an organization of several executive branch agencies within the federal government that are responsible for foreign and domestic intelligence, military planning, and espionage. ... Special forces or special operations forces is a term used to describe relatively small military units raised and trained for reconnaissance, unconventional warfare and special operations. ... William Donovan Major General William Joseph Donovan, KBE, United States Army (January 1, 1883 – February 8, 1959) was an American soldier, lawyer and intelligence officer, best remembered today as wartime head of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). ... The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was a United States intelligence agency formed during World War II. It was the wartime (but not direct) precursor to the Central Intelligence Agency. ... The Church Committee is the common term referring to the United States Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, a Senate committee chaired by Senator Frank Church (D-ID) in 1975. ...

References

• "Senator Roberts Calls for Real Intelligence Reform with 9/11 National Security Protection Act"
• "CIA acquires new US clandestine leadership role", The Washington Post, October 13, 2005.
• "CIA Clandestine Service to be limited", The Salt Lake Tribune, October 14, 2005.
• "US setting up new spying agency", British Broadcasting Corporation, October 13, 2005.

The Washington Post is the largest and oldest newspaper in Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States. ... October 13 is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Marquis of the Salt Lake Tribune on the Tribune Building in Downtown Salt Lake City The Salt Lake Tribune (ISSN 0746-3502) is Salt Lake City, Utahs largest-circulated local daily newspaper. ... October 14 is the 287th day of the year (288th in Leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is an overview article about the Crown chartered British Broadcasting Corporation formed in 1927. ... October 13 is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• National Clandestine Service careers site