Indian National Flag - "tiranga"
Flag ratio: 2:3

The National Flag of India was adopted as such during an ad hoc meeting of the Constituent Assembly held on 1947-07-22, just before India's independence on 1947-08-15. It has served as the national flag both of the Dominion of India between 1947-08-15 and 1950-01-26 and of the Union of India thereafter. In India, the term "tricolour" (Tiranga (तिरंगा) in Hindi) almost always refers to the Indian national flag. Download high resolution version (993x664, 4 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Andhra Pradesh Dacoity Haryana Himachal Pradesh India Karnataka Maharashtra Punjab (India) Rajasthan Tamil Nadu West Bengal Delhi Wikipedia:Wikipedians/India Chhattisgarh Andaman and Nicobar Islands Madhya Pradesh Lakshadweep Jammu and Kashmir Freedom House Gujarat... Download high resolution version (993x664, 4 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Andhra Pradesh Dacoity Haryana Himachal Pradesh India Karnataka Maharashtra Punjab (India) Rajasthan Tamil Nadu West Bengal Delhi Wikipedia:Wikipedians/India Chhattisgarh Andaman and Nicobar Islands Madhya Pradesh Lakshadweep Jammu and Kashmir Freedom House Gujarat... FIAV usage code 56 See Vexillological symbols for its meaning File links The following pages link to this file: Flag of France Flag of Luxembourg Flag of Nepal Flag of Burkina Faso Flag of Poland Flag of the Vatican City Flag of Australia Solomon Islands Flag of Chad Flag of... Ad hoc is a Latin phrase which means for this [purpose]. It generally signifies a solution that has been tailored to a specific purpose, such as a tailor-made suit, a handcrafted network protocol, and specific-purpose equation and things like that. ... A constituent assembly is a body elected with the purpose of drafting, and in some cases, adopting a constitution. ... 1947 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... July 22 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... 1947 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... August 15 is the 227th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (228th in leap years), with 138 days remaining. ... A national flag is a flag which symbolises a country and which can usually be flown by citizens of that country. ... 1947 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... August 15 is the 227th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (228th in leap years), with 138 days remaining. ... 1950 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... January 26 is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... ... माडरचोड à¤•à¤©à¤® Hindi (हिन्दी) is a language spoken in most states in northern and central India. ...

The flag is a horizontal tricolour of saffron at the top, white in the middle and green at the bottom. In the centre is a navy blue wheel with twenty-four spokes, known as the Ashoka Chakra, taken from the Ashoka pillar at Sarnath. The diameter of this Chakra is three-fourths of the height of the white strip. The ratio of the height of the flag to its width is 2:3. The flag is also the Indian Army's war flag, hoisted daily on military installations. Saffron is the name given to the dried stigma and part of the style of the saffron crocus, traditionally called Crocus sativus, which are harvested, dried, and used for cooking. ... White is a color (more accurately it contains all the colors of the visible spectrum and is sometimes described as an achromatic color—black is the absence of color) that has high brightness but zero hue. ... Look up Green in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Green is a color seen commonly in nature. ... Navy blue is an especially dark shade of blue. ... In Hinduism and its spiritual systems of yoga and in some related eastern cultures, as well as in some segments of the New Age movement, a chakra is thought to be an energy node in the human body. ... The pillars of Ashoka are a series of column dispersed throughout the northern Indian subcontinent, and erected by the Mauryan king Ashoka during his reign in the 3rd century BCE. Many of the pillars are carved with proclamations reflecting Buddhist teachings: the Edicts of Ashoka. ... Sarnath (formerly also Mrigadava, Rishipattana, Isipatana), located 13 kilometres from Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, is the deer park where Gautama Buddha first taught the Dharma, and where the Buddhist Sangha was founded. ... In algebra, a ratio is the relationship between two quantities. ... The Indian Army (भारतीय सेना Hindi: Bhartiya Sena) is the army of the Republic of India and is the 3rd largest army in the world. ... A war flag is a flag used by military forces. ...

The Indian National Flag was designed by Pingali Venkayya. Official flag specifications require that the flag be made only of "khadi", a special type of hand-spun yarn. The display and use of the flag are strictly enforced by the Indian Flag Code. Pingali Venkayya, the designer of the Indian national flag, was born on August 2, 1876, in Bhatlapenumarru, near Masulipatnam or the present day Machilipatnam of Andhra Pradesh, India. ... Khadi is a special type of hand woven cloth in India. ... Indian National Flag - tiranga Flag ratio: 2:3 The Indian national flag is also known as the Tiranga (तिरंगा), which in Hindi means tricolour. ...

A heraldic description of the flag would be Party per fess Saffron and Vert on a fess Argent a "Chakra" Azure. Heraldry is the science and art of describing coats-of-arms, also referred to as achievements or armorial bearings. ...

Colours

The following are the approximate colours of the Indian flag in different colour models. It is sorted into the HTML RGB web colours (hexadecimal notation); the CMYK equivalent; dye colours and the Pantone equivalent number. In computing, HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is a hypertext markup language designed for the creation of web pages and other information viewable in a browser. ... The RGB color model utilizes the additive model in which red, green, and blue light are combined in various ways to create other colors. ... Authors of web pages have a variety of options available for specifying colors for elements of web documents. ... In mathematics and computer science, hexadecimal, or simply hex, is a numeral system with a radix or base of 16 usually written using the symbols 0–9 and A–F or a–f. ... Cyan, magenta, yellow, and key (black) CMYK (or sometimes YMCK) is a subtractive color model used in color printing. ... Pantone Inc. ...

Symbolism

The Chakra or wheel

The Indian National Congress, India's largest political party before independence, adopted a white, green and red flag as its unofficial flag in 1921. The red originally stood for Hinduism, green for Islam, and white stood for other minority religions. However some believe that white also formed a buffer of peace between the two communities, as in the flag of Ireland. In 1931, they adopted another flag with colours saffron, white and green, with a chakra in the centre, as their official flag. This flag though, purported not to have any religious meaning associated with it. Image File history File links Chakra of the Indian flag. ... Indian National Congress (also known as the Congress Party) is the largest subscription-based organisation in the world. ... 1921 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Hinduism (सनातन धर्म; also known as Sanātana Dharma, and Vaidika-Dharma ) is a worldwide tradition that encompasses several religions and ideologies. ... Islam   listen? (Arabic: al-islām) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions, and the worlds second largest religion. ... The Irish tricolour (flag ratio: 1:2). ... 1931 is a common year starting on Thursday. ...

A few days before India became independent on August 1947, the specially constituted Constituent Assembly decided that the flag of the Indian National Congress should be adopted as the national flag of India with suitable modifications, to make it acceptable to all parties and communities. However, since the previous flag had religious connotations, Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, who later became India's first Vice President, clarified that the adopted flag did not have any communal connotations and described its significance as follows: Note: as an adjective (stressed on the second syllable instead of the first), august means honorable. ... 1947 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... A constituent assembly is a body elected with the purpose of drafting, and in some cases, adopting a constitution. ... Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (September 5, 1888 - April 17, 1975) is best known as the man who introduced the thinking of western idealist philosophers into Indian thought. ... The Vice-President of India is second behind the President in the Executive branch of the Government of India. ...

"Bhagwa or the saffron colour denotes renunciation or disinterestedness. Our leaders must be indifferent to material gains and dedicate themselves to their work. The white in the centre is light, the path of truth to guide our conduct. The green shows our relation to (the) soil, our relation to the plant life here, on which all other life depends. The Ashoka Wheel in the centre of the white is the wheel of the law of dharma. Truth or satya, dharma or virtue ought to be the controlling principle of those who work under this flag. Again, the wheel denotes motion. There is death in stagnation. There is life in movement. India should no more resist change, it must move and go forward. The wheel represents the dynamism of a peaceful change."

A widely held unofficial interpretation is that saffron stands for purity and spirituality, white for peace and truth, and green for fertility and prosperity. Dharma is a sanskrit word and a concept of eastern religions. ... This article needs to be wikified. ...

History

At the beginning of the 20th century, as the Indian independence movement seeking freedom from British rule gained ground, the need was felt for a national flag that would serve as a powerful symbol of these aspirations. In 1904, Sister Nivedita, an Irish disciple of Swami Vivekananda, came up with the first flag of India, later referred to as Sister Nivedita's Flag. It was a red square-shaped flag with a yellow inset; it depicted a "Vajra Chinha" (thunderbolt) with a white lotus alongside it in the centre. The words "বন্দে মাতরম" (Vande Mataram meaning "Hail the Mother[land]!") were inscribed on the flag in Bengali. The red colour signified the freedom struggle, yellow signified victory, and the white lotus signified purity. (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... The Indian independence movement was a series of steps taken in the Indian subcontinent for independence from British colonial rule, beginning with the Rebellion of 1857. ... The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ... 1904 is a leap year starting on a Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Margaret Elizabeth Noble (1867-1911), better known as Sister Nivedita, was a social worker, author, teacher and disciple of Swami Vivekananda. ... Swami Vivekananda (Bangla: স্বামী বিবেকানন্দ, Hindi: स्वामी विवेकानन्द) (whose pre-monastic name was Narendranath Dutta Bangla: নরেন্দ্রনাথ দত্ত, Hindi: नरेन्द्रनाथ दत्त) (January 12, 1863 - July 4, 1902) is considered one of the most famous and influential spiritual leaders of the Hindu religion. ... Vajra is a Sanskrit word meaning both thunderbolt and diamond and refers to a symbol important to both Hinduism and Buddhism. ... Binomial name Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. ... Vande Mataram (in Bangla: বন্দে মাতরম)is the national song of India. ... This article is about the Bengali language. ...

The Calcutta Flag

The first tricolour was unfurled on 1906-08-07, during a protest rally against the Partition of Bengal, by Schindra Prasad Bose in Parsi Bagan Square in Calcutta. This flag came to be known as the Calcutta Flag. The flag had three horizontal bands of equal width with the top being orange, the centre yellow and the bottom green in colour. It had eight half-opened lotus flowers on the top stripe, and a picture of the sun and a crescent moon on the bottom stripe. The words Vande Mataram were inscribed in the centre in the Devanagari script. Image File history File links Calcutta Flag – Unofficial flag of India in 1907. ... Image File history File links Calcutta Flag – Unofficial flag of India in 1907. ... 1906 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... August 7 is the 219th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (220th in leap years), with 146 days remaining. ... East Bengal was the name used during two periods in the 20th century for a territory that roughly included the modern state of Bangladesh. ... Schindra Prasad Bose, was a follower of Sir Surendranath Banerjee and the son-in-law of the moderate Brahmo leader, Krishna Kumar Mitra. ... Kolkata (Bangla: কলকাতা, Hindi: कोलकता), is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal and was capital of British India until 1912. ... The Calcutta Flag The Calcutta Flag was one of the first unofficial flags of India. ... Rigveda manuscript in Devanagari (early 19th century) Devanāgarī (देवनागरी — in English pronounced ) (ISCII – IS13194:1991) [1] is an abugida alphabet used to write several Indian languages, including Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi, Kashmiri, Sindhi, Bihari, Bhili, Konkani, Bhojpuri and Nepali from Nepal. ...

The flag made by Madam Cama in 1907

On 1907-08-22, Madam Cama unfurled another tricolour flag in Stuttgart, Germany. This had green at the top, saffron in the centre and red at the bottom, the green standing for Islam, the saffron for both Hinduism and Buddhism, and the red for Sikhism. The flag had eight lotuses in a line on the green band representing the eight provinces of British India. The words Vande Mataram, in the Devanagari script, were inscribed on the central band. On the lowest band, towards the hoist of the flag was a crescent, and towards the fly a sun. The flag was jointly designed by Madam Cama, Veer Savarkar and Shyamji Krishna Varma. After the outbreak of World War I, this flag became known as the Berlin Committee Flag after it was adopted by the Indian Revolutionaries at the Berlin Committee. This flag was actively used in Mesopotamia during the First World War. The Ghadar Party flag was also used in the United States as a symbol for India for a short period of time. Image File history File links Flag used by Madam Cama in Stuttgart, Germany in 1907 as a flag of India. ... Image File history File links Flag used by Madam Cama in Stuttgart, Germany in 1907 as a flag of India. ... 1907 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... August 22 is the 234th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (235th in leap years), with 131 days remaining. ... Madame Bhikaji Rustom Cama (Madam Cama) (1861-1936) was an Indian freedom fighter. ... Stuttgart, a city located in southern Germany, is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg with a population of approximately 600,000 as of May 2005. ... The British Raj is an informal term for the British colonial administration of most of the Indian subcontinent, or present-day India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, also included from 1886 was Burma. ... Rigveda manuscript in Devanagari (early 19th century) Devanāgarī (देवनागरी — in English pronounced ) (ISCII – IS13194:1991) [1] is an abugida alphabet used to write several Indian languages, including Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi, Kashmiri, Sindhi, Bihari, Bhili, Konkani, Bhojpuri and Nepali from Nepal. ... For the album of the same name by Gackt, see Crescent (album). ... Veer Savarkar SEE Vinayak Damodar Savarkar External links Was Veer Savarkar a Nazi? - Dr Koenraad Elst Categories: Indian people stubs ... Shyamji Krishna Varma (1857-1930) was an Indian nationalist. ... World War I was primarily a European conflict with many facets: immense human sacrifice, stalemate trench warfare, and the use of new, devastating weapons - tanks, aircraft, machineguns, and poison gas. ... Mesopotamia [mesuputāmēu] (Greek: Μεσοποταμία, translated from Old Persian Miyanrudan the Land between the Rivers or the Aramaic name Beth-Nahrin House of Two Rivers) is a region of Southwest Asia. ... Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... The Ghadar Party was a Sikh party formed in the United States in 1910? with the aim to liberate India from British rule. ...

The flag used during the Home Rule movement in 1917

The Home Rule Movement formed by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Annie Besant in 1917 adopted a new flag, one which comprised of five red and four green horizontal stripes. On the upper left quadrant was the Union Jack which signified the Dominion status that the movement sought to achieve. A crescent and a star, both in white, are set in top fly. Seven white stars are arranged as in the Saptarishi constallation (the constallation Ursa Major), which is sacred to Hindus. This flag could not become popular among the masses, probably due to their repugnance for the Union Jack. Image File history File links The flag used during the Home Rule Movement in 1917 in India. ... Image File history File links The flag used during the Home Rule Movement in 1917 in India. ... Home Rule flag The Home Rule Movement was formed by Annie Besant and Lokmanya Tilak with the aim of seeking a Dominion status within the British Empire to the Indian Empire in 1917. ... Lokmanya Tilak Bal Gangadhar Tilak (July 2, 1856–August 1, 1920) was a political activist for Indian independence who was imprisoned for his activities. ... Annie Besant activist, socialist and latterly theosophist Annie Besant (October 1, 1847 - September 20, 1933) was a prominent Theosophist, womens rights activist, writer and orator. ... 1917 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Flag Ratio: 1:2 The Union Flag or Union Jack is the flag most commonly associated with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and was also used throughout the former British Empire. ... A Dominion is a wholly self-governing or virtually self-governing state of the British Empire or British Commonwealth, particularly one which reached that stage of constitutional development in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. ... Ursa Major is a constellation visible throughout the year in the northern hemisphere. ...

A year earlier in 1916, Pingali Venkayya, from Machilipatnam in present-day Andhra Pradesh tried to devise a common national flag. His endeavours were noticed by Umar Sobani and SB Bomanji, who together formed the Indian National Flag Mission. When Venkayya sought Mahatma Gandhi's approval for the flag, the Mahatma suggested the incorporation of the "Charkha" or spinning wheel on the flag, symbolising "the embodiment of India and the redemption of all its ills". The humble spinning-wheel had become a hallowed symbol of the economic regeneration of India under the Mahatma's championship. Pingali Venkayya came up with a flag with the charkha on a red and green background. However, Mahatma Gandhi found that the flag did not represent all the religions of India. 1916 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Pingali Venkayya, the designer of the Indian national flag, was born on August 2, 1876, in Bhatlapenumarru, near Masulipatnam or the present day Machilipatnam of Andhra Pradesh, India. ... Machilipatnam, also known as Masulipatnam or Bandar, is a city on the southeastern or Coromandel Coast of India. ... Andhra Pradesh (ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశం in Telugu) (Āndhra Prādesh), a state in South India, lies between 12°41 and 22°N latitude and 77° and 84°40E longitude . ... Mohandas (also called Mahatma or Bapu out of respect) Karamchand Gandhi (October 2, 1869 – January 30, 1948) (Devanagari: मोहनदास करमचन्द गांधी, Gujarati મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધ&#2752, was the charismatic leader who brought the fight for Indias independence from British colonial rule to world attention. ... Pingali Venkayya, the designer of the Indian national flag, was born on August 2, 1876, in Bhatlapenumarru, near Masulipatnam or the present day Machilipatnam of Andhra Pradesh, India. ... Mohandas (also called Mahatma or Bapu out of respect) Karamchand Gandhi (October 2, 1869 – January 30, 1948) (Devanagari: मोहनदास करमचन्द गांधी, Gujarati મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધ&#2752, was the charismatic leader who brought the fight for Indias independence from British colonial rule to world attention. ...

The flag unofficially adopted in 1921.

To address Mahatma Gandhi's concerns, another new flag was indeed designed. This tricolour featured white on top, green in the centre and red at the bottom, symbolising the minority religions, Muslims and Hindus respectively, with a "Charkha" drawn across all three bands. Parallels were drawn with the fact that it closely resembled the Flag of Ireland, symbol of the other major freedom struggle against the British Empire. This flag was first unfurled at the congress party meeting in Ahmedabad. Although this flag was not adopted as the official flag of the Indian National Congress party, it was nevertheless widely used during the freedom movement. However, there were many who were not satisfied with the communal interpretation of the flag. The All India Sanskrit Congress that convened in Calcutta in 1924 suggested the inclusion of saffron or ochre and the "gadha" (mace) of Vishnu as the symbol of the Hindus. Later that year, it was suggested that geru (an earthy-red colour) "typified the spirit of renunciation and symbolised an ideal common to the Hindu yogis and sanyasis as well as the Muslim fakirs and darveshes." The Sikhs also stepped up the demand to either include a yellow colour that would represent them, or abandon religious symbolism altogether. Image File history File links File links The following pages link to this file: Flag of India ... Image File history File links File links The following pages link to this file: Flag of India ... Mohandas (also called Mahatma or Bapu out of respect) Karamchand Gandhi (October 2, 1869 – January 30, 1948) (Devanagari: मोहनदास करमचन्द गांधी, Gujarati મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધ&#2752, was the charismatic leader who brought the fight for Indias independence from British colonial rule to world attention. ... The Irish tricolour (flag ratio: 1:2). ... The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ... Ahmedabad (Amdavad in Gujarati) or Ahmadābād is the largest city in Gujarat and the sixth largest city in India with a population of almost 5 million. ... Indian National Congress (also known as the Congress Party) is the largest subscription-based organisation in the world. ... Ochre or Ocher (pronounced OAK-ur, from the Greek ochros, yellow) is a color, usually described as golden-yellow or light yellow brown. ... For other uses of the name Vishnu, see Vishnu (disambiguation). ... Geru is an earthy-red colour. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Sanyasa (pronounced sanyaas) symbolises the conception of the mystic life in Hinduism where a person is now integrated into the spiritual world after wholly giving up material life. ... According to Herbert Ponting, who took this photograph in 1907, this is a fakir in Benares (Varanasi), India. ... It has been suggested that Sikh be merged into this article or section. ...

The proposed saffron flag with the brown chakra in 1931.

In light of these developments, the Congress Working Committee appointed a seven member Flag Committee on 1931-04-02 to sort out these issues. A resolution was passed noting that "objection has been taken to the three colours in the flag on the ground that they are conceived on the communal basis." The unlikely result of these confabulations was a flag featuring just one colour, ochre, and a "Charkha" at upper hoist. Though recommended by the flag committee, the INC did not adopt this flag, as it seemed to project a communalistic ideology. Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... 1931 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... 2 April is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 273 days remaining. ... Ochre or Ocher (pronounced OAK-ur, from the Greek ochros, yellow) is a color, usually described as golden-yellow or light yellow brown. ...

Later, the final resolution on a flag was passed when the Congress committee met at Karachi in 1931. The tricolour flag then adopted featured three horizontal strips of saffron, white and green, with a "Charkha" in the center. The colours were interpreted thus: saffron for courage; white for truth and peace; green for faith and prosperity. Karachi (کراچي) is the largest city of Pakistan and the capital of the province of Sindh. ... 1931 is a common year starting on Thursday. ...

The flag adopted in 1931 and used by the Provisional Government of Free India during the Second World War.

The flag used primarily by INA during World War II.

At the same time a variant of the flag was being used by the Indian National Army that included the words "Azad Hind" with a springing tiger in lieu of the chakra signifying Subhash Chandra Bose's violent methods as opposed to Mahatma Gandhi's non-violence. This tricolour was hoisted for the first time on Indian soil in Manipur by Subhash Chandra Bose though it was not the official version. Image File history File links The flag of India used in 1931. ... Image File history File links The flag of India used in 1931. ... Flag of the Provisional Government of Free India. ... Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The Indian National Army was an auxiliary force to the Imperial Japanese Army in its southern mainland campaign during the Second World War. ... World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrinations, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons like the atom bomb. ... The Indian National Army was an auxiliary force to the Imperial Japanese Army in its southern mainland campaign during the Second World War. ... Netaji - Subhash Chandra Bose Subhash Chandra Bose (January 23, 1897–August 18, 1945) also known as Netaji, was a prominent leader of the Indian independence movement against the authoritarian British Raj. ... Mohandas (also called Mahatma or Bapu out of respect) Karamchand Gandhi (October 2, 1869 – January 30, 1948) (Devanagari: मोहनदास करमचन्द गांधी, Gujarati મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધ&#2752, was the charismatic leader who brought the fight for Indias independence from British colonial rule to world attention. ... Manipur (মনিপুর) is a state in northeastern India making its capital in the city of Imphal. ... Netaji - Subhash Chandra Bose Subhash Chandra Bose (January 23, 1897–August 18, 1945) also known as Netaji, was a prominent leader of the Indian independence movement against the authoritarian British Raj. ...

A few days before India gained its freedom in August 1947, the Constituent Assembly was formed to discuss the flag of the India. They set up an ad hoc committee headed by Rajendra Prasad and consisting of Abul Kalam Azad, KM Panikar, Sarojini Naidu, C. Rajagopalachari, KM Munshi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as its members. The Flag Committee was constituted on 1947-06-23 and it began deliberations on the issue. After three weeks they came to a decision on 1947-07-14, being that the flag of the Indian National Congress should be adopted as the National Flag of India with suitable modifications, to make it acceptable to all parties and communities. It was further resolved that the flag should not have any communal undertones. The "Dharma Chakra" which appears on the abacus of Sarnath was adopted in the place of the "Charkha". The flag was unfurled for the first time as that of an independent country on 1947-08-15. A constituent assembly is a body elected with the purpose of drafting, and in some cases, adopting a constitution. ... Ad hoc is a Latin phrase which means for this [purpose]. It generally signifies a solution that has been tailored to a specific purpose, such as a tailor-made suit, a handcrafted network protocol, and specific-purpose equation and things like that. ... Dr. Rajendra Prasad (December 3, 1884–February 28, 1963) was the first President of India. ... Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (1888 - August 1958) was a freedom fighter in Indias struggle for Independence from Britain. ... K M Panikar was an Indian historial who was part of the select Flag Committee that selected the Flag of India in August 1947. ... Sarojini Naidu (February 13, 1879 - March 2, 1949) was known as Bharata Kokila (The Nightingale of India) and was a freedom fighter and poet. ... Rajaji Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari (சக்ரவர்தி ராஜகோபாலாச்சாரி) (December 1878 - December 25, 1972), known as or Rajaji or C.R., was an Indian lawyer, writer, statesman and a Hindu spiritualist. ... KM Munshi was a member of the Indian National Congress. ... Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (April 14, 1891 or 1892 - December 6, 1956) was the most prominent Indian Untouchable leader of the 20th century. ... 1947 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... June 23 is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 191 days remaining. ... 1947 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... July 14 is the 195th day (196th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 170 days remaining. ... Indian National Congress (also known as the Congress Party) is the largest subscription-based organisation in the world. ... Sarnath (formerly also Mrigadava, Rishipattana, Isipatana), located 13 kilometres from Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, is the deer park where Gautama Buddha first taught the Dharma, and where the Buddhist Sangha was founded. ... 1947 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... August 15 is the 227th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (228th in leap years), with 138 days remaining. ...

Prior to 2002, the general public of India could not fly the flag freely, except on National holidays. Only the government offices and higher functionaries of the government could do so. An industrialist from Madhya Pradesh, Navin Jindal filed a Public interest petition in the Delhi High court, asking to remove this restriction. Jindal used to hoist the flag atop his office, but his flag was confiscated as this was against the National flag code. Jindal argued that hoisting the National flag was his fundamental right and a way of expressing his love for India. The case moved to the Supreme Court of India, which asked the Government of India to set up a committee to look into the matter. The Union Cabinet amended the Indian flag code which came into effect on 2002-01-26, allowing the general public to hoist the flag on all days of the year, provided they safeguard the dignity, honour and respect of the flag. 2002 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Madhya Pradesh (मध्य प्रदेश) is a state in central India. ... Navin Jindal is a member of federal parliament for Indian National Congress and industrialist from Madhya Pradesh. ... Public interest is a term used to denote political movements and organizations that are in the public interest—supporting general public and civic causes, in opposition of private and corporate ones (particularistic goals). ... This article deals with the city of Delhi. ... The term High Court could refer to one of the following institutions: High Court of England and Wales High Court of Australia The Four Courts of Ireland The High Court of Justiciary in Scotland And the 18 High Courts of India The High Court of Andhra Pradesh The High Court... Executive President Prime Minister The Union Ministries Legislative Parliament Rajya Sabha Chairman of the Rajya Sabha Lok Sabha Speaker of the House Judicial Supreme Court Chief Justice of the Supreme Court High Courts District Courts Constitution Fundamental Rights and Directive principles Regions States and territories Elections General Elections State Assembly... Executive President Prime Minister The Union Ministries Legislative Parliament Rajya Sabha Chairman of the Rajya Sabha Lok Sabha Speaker of the House Judicial Supreme Court Chief Justice of the Supreme Court High Courts District Courts Constitution Fundamental Rights and Directive principles Regions States and territories Elections General Elections State Assembly... 2002 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... January 26 is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...

Manufacturing process

India's largest flag atop the Mantralaya building in Mumbai.

Closeup of the flag.

After India became a republic in 1950, the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) brought out the specifications for the flag for the first time in 1951. These were revised in 1964 to conform to the metric system which was adopted in India. The specifications were further amended on 1968-08-17. The specifications cover all the essential requirements of the manufacture of the Indian flag including sizes, dye colour, chromatic values, brightness, thread count and hemp cordage. These guidelines are extremely stringent and any defect in the manufacture of flags is considered to be a serious offence liable to a fine or a jail term or both. A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ... Image File history File links Mantralaya is the administrative headquarters of Maharashtra Source: Taken by me on 11-Aug-2005 File links The following pages link to this file: Flag of India Mantralaya, Mumbai ... Image File history File links Mantralaya is the administrative headquarters of Maharashtra Source: Taken by me on 11-Aug-2005 File links The following pages link to this file: Flag of India Mantralaya, Mumbai ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (700x663, 23 KB) The flag atop the Mantralaya building is the largest in India Source: Taken by me on 11-Aug-2005 File links The following pages link to this file: Flag of India ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (700x663, 23 KB) The flag atop the Mantralaya building is the largest in India Source: Taken by me on 11-Aug-2005 File links The following pages link to this file: Flag of India ... Broadly defined, a republic is a state or country that is led by principles established by the state for the benifit of its own populace, independent of the political power of outside influences. ... 1950 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) is an autonomous Indian government backed organisation that sets industrial standards in India. ... 1951 was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... 1964 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The International System of Units (symbol: SI) (for the French phrase Système International dUnités) is the most widely used system of units. ... 1968 was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1968 calendar). ... August 17 is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... U.S. Marihuana production permit, from the film Hemp for Victory. ... Coils of rope used for long-line fishing A rope is a length of fibers, twisted or braided together to improve strength, for pulling and connecting. ...

Khadi or hand-spun cloth is the only material allowed to be used for the flag. Raw materials for khadi are restricted to cotton, silk and wool. There are two kinds of khadi used, the first is the khadi-bunting which makes up the body of the flag and the second is the khadi-duck, which is a beige-coloured cloth that holds the flag to the pole. The khadi-duck is an unconventional type of weave that meshes three threads into a weave as compared to two weaves used in conventional weaving. This type of weaving is extremely rare, and there are less than a dozen weavers in India professing this skill. The guidelines also state that there should be exactly 150 threads per square centimetre, four threads per stitch, and one square foot should weigh exactly 205 grams. Beige is a light yellowish gray color. ... The gram or gramme, symbol g, is a unit of mass, and is defined in the SI system of units as one one-thousandth of a kilogram (i. ...

The woven khadi is obtained from two handloom units in Dharwad and Bagalkot districts of northern Karnataka. Currently there is only one licensed flag production unit in India which is based in Hubli. Permission for setting up flag manufacturing units in India is allotted by the Khadi Development and Village Industries Commission (KVIC), though the BIS has the power to cancel the licences of units that flout guidelines. Dharwad, also known as Dharwar, is a town in Indias Karnataka state. ... Bagalkot is an administrative district in the state of Karnataka in India. ... Karnataka (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ in Kannada) is one of the four southern states of India. ... The Khadi Development and Village Industries Commission is a non-profit group that serves to promote the use of khadi (a type of hand-woven cloth) in India. ...

Once woven, the material is sent to the BIS laboratories for testing. After stringent quality testing; the flag if approved, is returned to the factory. It is then bleached and dyed into the respective colours. In the centre the Ashoka Chakra is screen printed, stencilled or suitably embroidered. Care also has to be taken that the chakra is matched and completely visible on both sides. The BIS then checks for the colours and only then can the flag be sold.

Each year around forty million flags are sold in India. The largest flag in India (14 × 21 ft) is flown by the government of Maharashtra atop the Mantralaya building, the state administrative headquarters. Maharashtra (महाराष्ट्र) is Indias third largest state in terms of area and second largest in terms of population after Uttar Pradesh. ... The word Mantralaya may refer to: The town of Mantralaya in Andhra Pradesh, India. ...

Proper display of the flag

Respect for the flag

Indian law says that the flag must at all times be treated with "dignity, loyalty and respect". The "Flag Code of India – 2002", which superseded "The Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950", governs the display and usage of the flag. Official regulation states that the flag must never touch the ground or water, be used as a tablecloth or draped in front of a platform, cover a statue, plaque, cornerstone etc. Until 2005, the flag could not be used in clothing, uniform or costume. On 2005-07-05, the Government of India amended the code, allowing use of the flag as clothing and uniform. It however cannot be used as clothing below the waist and as undergarments. Dignity in humans involves the earning or the expectation of personal respect or of esteem. ... This page is about the philosophical and semantic background of loyalty. ... Respect is the objective, unbiased consideration and regard for the rights, values, beliefs and property of all people. ... 2002 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1950 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... July 5 is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 179 days remaining. ...

The flag may not be intentionally placed upside down, dipped in anything, or hold any objects other than flower petals before unfurling. No sort of lettering may be inscribed on the flag.

Handling of the flag

There are a number of traditional rules of respect that should be observed when handling or displaying the flag. When out in the open, the flag should always be hoisted at sunrise, and lowered at sunset, irrespective of the weather conditions. The flag may be also flown on a public building at night under special circumstances. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2000x1231, 24 KB) Display of the flag: File links The following pages link to this file: Flag of India ... Sunrise over the sea Sunrise, also called sunup in some American English dialects, is the time at which the first part of the Sun appears above the horizon in the east. ... A red sunset panorama A composite image showing the terminator dividing night from day, running across Europe and Africa. ...

The flag should never be depicted, displayed or flown upside down. Tradition also states that when draped vertically, the flag should not merely be rotated through 90 degrees, but also reversed. One "reads" a flag like the pages of a book, from top to bottom and from left to right, and after rotation the results should be the same. It is also insulting to display the flag in a frayed or dirty state. The same rule applies to the flagpoles and halyards used to hoist the flag, which should always be in a proper state of maintenance. A pair of angles are said to be vertical if they share the same vertex and are bounded by the same pair of lines but are opposite to each other. ... A degree (or in full a degree of arc), usually symbolized °, is a measurement of plane angle, representing 1/360 of a full rotation. ...

Correct display

The rules regarding the correct methods to display the flag state, that when two flags are fully spread out horizontally on a wall behind a podium, their hoists should be towards each other with the saffron stripes uppermost. If the flag is displayed on a short flagpole, this should be mounted at an angle to the wall with the flag draped tastefully from it. If two national flags are displayed on crossed staffs, the hoists must be towards each other and the flags must be fully spread out. The flag should never be used as a cloth to cover tables, lecterns, podiums or buildings, or be draped from railings. Image File history File links Image a derivative of w:image:SouthAfricaFlagTwoNations. ... A hoist is a device used for lifting or lowering a load by means of a drum or barrel around which rope or chain wraps. ... This article is about angles in geometry. ... A late 18th century pulpit in a small Roman Catholic church in Spielfeld, Styria, Austria A pulpit (from Latin pulpitum scaffold, platform, stage) is a small elevated platform where a member of the clergy stands in order to read the Gospel lesson and deliver a sermon. ... A podium is a platform that is used to raise something to a short distance above its surroundings. ...

With other countries

When the National Flag is flown outdoors in company with the national flags of other countries, there are several rules that govern the ways in which the flag must be flown, specifically that it must always occupy the position of honour. This means it must be the flag furthest to the right (observers' left) of all the flags on display, with the flags of other countries being arranged alphabetically according to the English alphabet. All the flags should be approximately the same size, with no flags being larger than the Indian flag. Each country's flag should be on a separate pole, with no national flag being flown on top of another from the same pole. In library and information science and computer science, collation is the assembly of written information into a standard order. ...

It would be permissible in such a case to begin and also to end the row of flags with the Indian flag and also include it in the normal country wise alphabetical order. In case flags are to be flown in a closed circle, the national flag shall mark the beginning of the circle and the flags of other countries should proceed in a clockwise manner until the last flag is placed next to the national flag. The Indian flag must always be hoisted first and lowered last.

When the flag is displayed on crossed poles, the Indian flag's pole should be in front and the flag to the right (observers' left) of the other flag. When the United Nation’s flag is flown along with the Indian flag, it can be displayed on either side of it. The general practice is to fly the flag on the extreme right with reference to the direction which it is facing (i.e. extreme left of an observer facing the masts flying the flags). This article is about the United Nations, for other uses of UN see UN (disambiguation) Official languages English, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, Arabic Secretary-General Kofi Annan (since 1997) Established October 24, 1945 Member states 191 Headquarters New York City, NY, USA Official site http://www. ...

With non-national flags

When the flag is displayed with other flags that are not national flags, such as corporate flags and advertising banners, the rules state that if the flags are on separate staffs, the flag of India should be in the middle, or the furthest left from the viewpoint of the onlookers, or at least one flag's breadth higher than the other flags in the group. Its flagpole must be in front of the other poles in the group, but if they are on the same staff, it must be the uppermost flag. If the flag is carried in procession with other flags, it must be at the head of the marching procession, or if carried with a row of flags in line abreast, it must be carried to the marching right of the procession. Image File history File links Image a derivative of w:SouthAfricaFlagNonNational. ...

Showing the flag indoors

Whenever the flag is displayed indoors in the halls at public meetings or gatherings of any kind, it should always be on the right (observers' left), as this is the position of authority. So when the flag is displayed next to a speaker in the hall or other meeting place, it must be placed on the speaker's right hand. When it is displayed elsewhere in the hall, it should be to the right of the audience. An audience is the/a group of people who participate in and experience or encounter a work of art, literature, theatre, music or academics in any medium. ...

The flag should be displayed completely spread out with the saffron stripe on top. If hung vertically on the wall behind the podium, the saffron stripe should be to the left of the onlookers facing the flag with the hoist cord at the top. Image File history File links Flag a derivative of w:image:SouthAfricaFlagIndoors. ...

Parades and ceremonies

The flag, when carried in a procession or parade or with another flag or flags, should be on the marching right or alone in the centre at the front. The flag may form a distinctive feature of the unveiling of a statue, monument, or plaque, but should never be used as the covering for the object. As a mark of respect to the flag, it should never be dipped to a person or thing. Regimental colours, organisational or institutional flags may be dipped as a mark of honour. PARADE is a magazine, distributed as a Sunday supplement in hundreds of newspapers in the United States. ... To dip a flag that is being carried means to lower it by turning it forward from an upright position to 45° or horizontal. ...

During the ceremony of hoisting or lowering the flag, or when the flag is passing in a parade or in a review, all persons present should face the flag and stand at attention. Those present in uniform should render the appropriate salute. When the flag is in a moving column, persons present will stand at attention or salute as the flag passes them. A dignitary may take the salute without a head dress. The flag salutation should be followed by the playing of the national anthem. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (837x335, 36 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Flag of India ... Jana Gana Mana (Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People) is the national anthem of India. ...

Display on vehicles

The privilege of flying the national flag on a vehicle is restricted to the President, Vice-President, Prime Minister, Governors and Lt. Governors, Chief Ministers, Cabinet Ministers and Junior Cabinet members of the Indian Parliament and state legislatures, Speakers of the Lok Sabha and state legislative assemblies, Chairmen of the Rajya Sabha and state legislative councils, judges of the Supreme Court of India and High Courts, and high ranking officers of the army, navy and air force. Executive President Prime Minister The Union Ministries Legislative Parliament Rajya Sabha Chairman of the Rajya Sabha Lok Sabha Speaker of the House Judicial Supreme Court Chief Justice of the Supreme Court High Courts District Courts Constitution Fundamental Rights and Directive principles Regions States and territories Elections General Elections State Assembly... The Vice-President of India is second behind the President in the Executive branch of the Government of India. ... The Prime Minister of India is, in practice, the most powerful person in the government of India. ... A Chief Minister is the elected Head of Government of a state of India, a territory of Australia or a British overseas territory that has attained self-government. ... The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house of Parliament of India. ... The Rajya Sabha (House of States) is the upper house of the parliament of India. ... Executive President Prime Minister The Union Ministries Legislative Parliament Rajya Sabha Chairman of the Rajya Sabha Lok Sabha Speaker of the House Judicial Supreme Court Chief Justice of the Supreme Court High Courts District Courts Constitution Fundamental Rights and Directive principles Regions States and territories Elections General Elections State Assembly... The Indian Army (भारतीय सेना Hindi: Bhartiya Sena) is the army of the Republic of India and is the 3rd largest army in the world. ... The Indian Navy (भारतीय नौसेना in Hindi: Bharatiya Nau Sena) is the naval arm of the Military of India. ... The Indian Air Force (भारतीय वायु सेना : Bharatiya Vayu Sena) is the air arm of the Military of India. ...

They may fly the flag on their cars, whenever they consider it necessary or advisable. The flag shall be flown from a staff, which should be affixed firmly either on the middle front of the bonnet or to the front right side of the car. When a foreign dignitary travels in a car provided by government, the flag should be flown on the right side of the car and the flag of the foreign country should be flown on the left side of the car.

The flag should be flown on the aircraft carrying the President, the Vice-President or the Prime Minister on a visit to a foreign country. Alongside the National Flag, the flag of the country visited should also be flown but, when the aircraft lands in countries en route, the national flags of the countries touched would be flown instead, as a gesture of courtesy and goodwill. When the President goes on tour within India, the flag should be displayed on the side by which the President will embark the aircraft or disembark from it. When the President travels by special train within the country, the flag should be flown from the driver’s cab on the side facing the platform of the station from where the train departs. The flag should be flown only when the special train is stationary or when coming into the station where it is going to halt.

Half-mast

The flag should be flown at half-mast as a sign of mourning only on instructions from the president, who will also give a date ending the mourning period. When the flag is to be flown at half mast, it must first be raised to the top of the mast and then slowly lowered to half mast. Before being lowered at sunset or at the appropriate time, the flag is first raised to the top of the pole and then lowered. Only the Indian flag is flown half mast; all other flags remain at normal height. Flag Flying Half-Staff over the White House Half-mast, or half-staff, describes the act of flying a flag approximately halfway up a flagpole (though anywhere from one-third to two-thirds of the way up the flagpole is acceptable). ... Mourning is in the simplest sense synonymous with grief over the death of a friend or relative. ...

The flag is flown at half-mast for the death of the President, Vice-President and Prime Minister all over India. For the Speaker of the Lok Sabha and the Chief Justice of The Supreme Court of India, it is flown in Delhi and for a Union Cabinet Minister it is flown in Delhi and the state capitals. For Minister of State, it is flown only in Delhi. For a Governor, Lt. Governor and Chief Minister of a state or union territory it is flown in the concerned state. Executive President Prime Minister The Union Ministries Legislative Parliament Rajya Sabha Chairman of the Rajya Sabha Lok Sabha Speaker of the House Judicial Supreme Court Chief Justice of the Supreme Court High Courts District Courts Constitution Fundamental Rights and Directive principles Regions States and territories Elections General Elections State Assembly... The Vice-President of India is second behind the President in the Executive branch of the Government of India. ... The Prime Minister of India is, in practice, the most powerful person in the government of India. ... The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house of Parliament of India. ... Executive President Prime Minister The Union Ministries Legislative Parliament Rajya Sabha Chairman of the Rajya Sabha Lok Sabha Speaker of the House Judicial Supreme Court Chief Justice of the Supreme Court High Courts District Courts Constitution Fundamental Rights and Directive principles Regions States and territories Elections General Elections State Assembly... This article deals with the city of Delhi. ... List of Indian ministers in the current government elected in 2004: Names in italics are women ministers. ...

If the intimation of the death of any dignitary is received in the afternoon, the flag shall be flown at half-mast on the following day also at the place or places indicated above, provided the funeral has not taken place before sun-rise on that day. On the day of the funeral of a dignitary mentioned above, the flag shall be flown at half-mast at the place of the funeral.

In the event of a half-mast day coinciding with the Republic Day, Independence Day, Mahatma Gandhi's birthday, National Week (6th to 13th April), any other particular day of national rejoicing as may be specified by the Government of India or in the case of a state, on the anniversary of formation of that state, flags are not permitted to be flown at half-mast except over the building where the body of the deceased is lying until such time it has been removed and that flag shall be raised to the full-mast position after the body has been removed. Republic Day is the name of a public holiday in several countries to commemorate the day when they first became republics . ... An Independence Day is an annual celebration commemorating the anniversary of a nations assumption of independent statehood, usually after ceasing to be a colony of another state. ... Gandhi Jayanti is a National Holiday celebrated in India to mark the occasion of the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi, the Father of the Nation. It is celebrated on October 2. ... Executive President Prime Minister The Union Ministries Legislative Parliament Rajya Sabha Chairman of the Rajya Sabha Lok Sabha Speaker of the House Judicial Supreme Court Chief Justice of the Supreme Court High Courts District Courts Constitution Fundamental Rights and Directive principles Regions States and territories Elections General Elections State Assembly...

Observances of State mourning on the death of foreign dignitaries are governed by special instructions issued from the Ministry of Home Affairs (Home Ministry) in individual cases. However, in the event of death of either the Head of the State or Head of the Government of a foreign country, the Indian Mission accredited to that country may fly the national flag on the above mentioned days.

On occasions of state, military, central para-military forces funerals, the flag shall be draped over the bier or coffin with the saffron towards the head of the bier or coffin. The flag shall not be lowered into the grave or burnt in the pyre. The crematorium at Haycombe Cemetery, Bath, England. ...

Disposal

When no longer in a fit condition to be used, a flag should be disposed of in a dignified manner, preferably by burning. A large bonfire Fire is a form of combustion. ...

External links

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Flags of India

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Flag of India

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Flag of India

• The Flag Code of India
• FOTW India Historical flags
• Tiranga.net
• Flag of India through Indian stamps

Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikiquote is a sister project of Wikipedia, using the same MediaWiki software. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikisource is a sister project to Wikipedia that aims to create a free wiki library of primary source texts, and translations of source texts in any language. ...

References

Prose contains specific citations in source text which can be viewed in edit mode.

• "Flag Code of India". Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. URL accessed on July 1, 2005.
• "Indian Standards". Bureau of Indian Standards. URL accessed on July 1, 2005.
• "India". Flags of the World. URL accessed on June 30, 2005.
• "India: Historical Flags". Flags of the World. URL accessed on June 30, 2005.
• "Union of India vs. Navin Jindal". Supreme Court of India. URL accessed on July 1, 2005.
• "Indian Flag Tiranga". liveindia.com. URL accessed on July 1, 2005.
• "Flying the real tricolour". rediff.com interview. URL accessed on July 1, 2005.
• "Why all Indian flags will be "Made in Hubli"". Deccan Herald. URL accessed on July 1, 2005.
• "Flag Code of India, 2002". Press Information Bureau, Government of India. URL accessed on July 1, 2005.
• "My Flag, My Country". Rediff.com interview. URL accessed on July 1, 2005.
• "Flag Code ammendment". Indiachild.com. URL accessed on July 1, 2005.
• "National flag of India". Funmunch.com interview. URL accessed on July 1, 2005.
• "Now wear the Indian tricolour, not below belt". Hindustan Times tabloid. URL accessed on July 6, 2005.
• "The National Flag". Indian National Congress. URL accessed on July 12, 2005.