The National Front (FN, French: Front national) is a French Far right, nationalist ^[1] political party, founded in 1972 by Jean-Marie Le Pen. The FN claims to have 60,000 members.^[2] In the French presidential election of 2002, National Front candidate Jean-Marie Le Pen finished a distant second to Jacques Chirac in a runoff election. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into far right. ... Nationalism is an ideology that creates and sustains a nation as a concept of a common identity for groups of humans. ... “Political Parties” redirects here. ... Year 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jean-Marie Le Pen Jean-Marie Le Pen (born June 20, 1928, La Trinité-sur-Mer France) is a French far-right nationalist politician, founder and president of the Front National (National Front) party, and a candidate for the French presidency. ... The 2002 French presidential election consisted of a first round election on 21 April 2002, and a runoff election between the top two candidates (Jacques Chirac and Jean-Marie Le Pen) on 5 May 2002. ... Jean-Marie Le Pen Jean-Marie Le Pen (born June 20, 1928, La Trinité-sur-Mer France) is a French far-right nationalist politician, founder and president of the Front National (National Front) party, and a candidate for the French presidency. ... “Chirac” redirects here. ...

Although the party describes itself as a "mainstream right" organization ^{[citation needed]}, academics and observers in the media describe the party as "far right"^[3] or "extreme right".^[4][5] Both Le Pen and Bruno Gollnisch have been condemned for Holocaust denial. “Right wing” redirects here. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into far right. ... The term far-right refers to the relative position a group or person occupies within a political spectrum. ... Bruno Gollnisch is a French academic and politician. ... Richard Harwoods Did Six Million Really Die? Holocaust denial is the claim that the mainstream historical version of the Holocaust is either highly exaggerated or completely falsified. ...

Leadership

Jean-Marie Le Pen has led the party since its foundation. Other major members are:

• Bruno Gollnisch, general delegate of the Front national
• Carl Lang, general secretary
• Roger Holeindre, vice-president, and a former member of the OAS

Other prominent members include: Bruno Gollnisch is a French academic and politician. ... Carl Lang (born 20 September 1957) is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament for the north-west of France. ... Roger Holeindre Roger Holeindre (Corrano, Corsica, March 21, 1929, nicknamed Popeye by his supporters [1]) is a French politician, vice-president of the National Front (FN) far-right party. ... The Organisation de larmée secrète (OAS; Secret Army Organization) was a short-lived French right-wing terrorist group formed in January 1961 to resist the granting of independence to the French colony of Algeria (Algérie française). ...

• Marine Le Pen, Jean-Marie's daughter, who ran an unsuccessful campaign in the 2004 regional elections in the Île-de-France région

Occasionally, Le Pen's leadership has been questioned. In a widely publicized move, Bruno Mégret and other major National Front members split away in 1998 to form a new party, the National Republican Movement (Mouvement national républicain - MNR), alleging that Le Pen's provocative comments and his management style were limiting the National Front to being a marginal opposition party, without any possibility of gaining power.^[6] This led to a major purge and reorganization of the leadership of the Front National. However, in view of the 2007 presidential election, Mégret has made an agreement with Le Pen in order to avoid division. Marine le Pen (born August 5, 1968) is a French politician. ... Regional elections were held in France on March 21 and March 28, 2004. ... Capital Paris Land area¹ 12,011 km² Regional President Jean-Paul Huchon (PS) (since 1998) Population  - Jan. ... France is divided into 26 régions: 21 of these are in the continental part of metropolitan France, one is Corse on the island of Corsica (although strictly speaking Corse is in fact a territorial collectivity, not a région, but is referred to as a région in common... Bruno Mégret (born April 4, 1949) is a French politician. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... The National Republican Movement (Mouvement National Républicain or MNR) is a French far-right political party, created by Bruno Mégret as a split from Jean-Marie Le Pens National Front. ... The 2007 French presidential election will be the ninth such election of the Fifth French Republic. ...

A National Front political poster. The text reads, "Immigrants are going to vote...and you're abstaining?!!". Despite this claim, voting rights in France are restricted to those who possess French nationality.

Image File history File links National_Front. ... Image File history File links National_Front. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... French nationality law is historically based on the principle of jus soli, according to Ernest Renans definition, opposed to the Germans definition of nationality formalized by Fichte. ...

Political platform

The National Front posts a comprehensive political platform on its website. Amongst other things it argues for:

• A return to traditional values: to include making access to abortion more difficult or illegal; giving an income to women who do not go out to work; promoting certain local traditional culture.
• Greater independence from the European Union and other international organizations.
• The establishment of tariffs or other protectionist measures against cheap imports.
• Reinstatement of the death penalty.

The party opposes immigration, particularly Muslim immigration from North Africa, West Africa and the Middle East. In a standardized pamphlet delivered to all French electors in the 1995 presidential election, Jean-Marie Le Pen proposed the "sending back" of "three million non-Europeans" out of France, by "humane and dignified means". ^[7] This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For the political science journal, see: International Organization An international organization (also called intergovernmental organization) is an organization of international scope or character. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Protectionism is the economic policy of restraining trade between nations, through methods such as high tariffs on imported goods, restrictive quotas, a variety of restrictive government regulations designed to discourage imports, and anti-dumping laws in an attempt to protect domestic industries in a particular nation from foreign take-over... Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is the execution of a convicted criminal by the state as punishment for crimes known as capital crimes or capital offences. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ...  Northern Africa (UN subregion)  geographic, including above North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan Africa. ...  Western Africa (UN subregion)  Maghreb[1] West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of the African continent. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... Second Round First Round See also: President of France, France, Politics of France Categories: Elections in France | 1995 elections ...

In the campaign for the 2002 French presidential election, the stress was more on issues of law and order. Recurrent National Front themes include tougher law enforcement, higher sentences for all crimes and the reinstatement of the death penalty. The 2002 French presidential election consisted of a first round election on 21 April 2002, and a runoff election between the top two candidates (Jacques Chirac and Jean-Marie Le Pen) on 5 May 2002. ... For the band, see The Police. ... In law, a sentence forms the final act of a judge-ruled process, and also the symbolic principal act connected to his function. ...

The Front National regularly campaigns against the "establishment", which encompasses the other political parties and most journalists. Le Pen lumped all major parties (French Communist Party (PCF), French Socialist Party (PS), Union for French Democracy (UDF), Rally for the Republic (RPR)) into the "Gang of Four" (an allusion to China's "Cultural Revolution"). According to the Front National, the French right-wing parties are not true right-wing parties, and are almost indistinguishable from the "Socialo-Communist" left. For other uses, see Journalist (disambiguation). ... This does not cite any references or sources. ... The emblem of the French Socialist Party The Socialist Party (Parti Socialiste or PS), founded in 1969, is the main opposition party in France. ... The Union for French Democracy, also known by its French acronym UDF (Union pour la Démocratie Française), is a French centrist political party. ... The Rally for the Republic, also known by its French acronym RPR (Rassemblement pour la République), was a French political party. ... The Gang of Four (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ) was a group of Communist Party of China leaders in the Peoples Republic of China who were arrested and removed from their positions in 1976, following the death of Mao Zedong, and were primarily blamed for the events of... The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution [1] in the Peoples Republic of China was a struggle for power within the Communist Party of China that manifested into wide-scale social, political, and economic chaos, which grew to include large sections of Chinese society and eventually brought the entire country to...

The Nature of this platform

The National Front is highly controversial in France, some on the Left even asking for its prohibition

Political scientist Pierre-André Taguieff described the FN as "national-populism" as soon as 1984. In 1988, René Rémond took the same epithet and spoke of a "resurgence of populism" (Notre siècle, 1988). René Rémond considers the FN as the main representative of the far-right family in France. However, Rémond believes that the FN has accepted the inheritance of the 1789 Revolution and is "included in the frame of representative democracy", which is disputed by Michel Winock and Pascal Perrineau (Histoire de l'extrême droite en France) who cites Le Pen's statements against the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen as clear signs of opposition to the French Revolution. Winock also defines the FN as the conjunction of all far-right French traditions: the counter-revolutionaries, the pétainistes (collaborationists under Vichy France), fascists and members of the OAS terrorist group. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 768 pixel, file size: 261 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1024 × 768 pixel, file size: 261 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Pierre-Andre Taguieff, born at 1946 in Paris is a philosopher and political economist, director of research at CNRS (in a Institut dEtudes Politiques de Paris (Sciences Po) laboratory, the CEVIPOF). ... René Rémond (born in 1918) is a French historian and political economist. ... The French Revolution (1789–1815) was a period of political and social upheaval in the political history of France and Europe as a whole, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for the aristocracy and Catholic clergy, underwent radical change to forms based on... Representative democracy is a form of government founded on the principles of popular sovereignty by the peoples representatives. ... Michel Winock (1937) is a French historian, whom studied among others things on anti-Semitism and far right movements. ... Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen: Revolutionary patriotism borrows familiar iconography of the Ten Commandments Wikisource has original text related to this article: Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (French: La... A counterrevolutionary is anyone who opposes a revolution, particularly those who act after a revolution to try to overturn or reverse it, in full or in part. ... Motto Travail, famille, patrie French: Unoccupied zone of Vichy France (until November 1942) Capital Vichy Capital-in-exile Sigmaringen (1944-1945) Language(s) French Religion Roman Catholic Government Dictatorship Chief of state  - 1940 — 1944 Philippe Pétain President of the Council  - 1940 — 1942 Philippe Pétain  - 1942 — 1944 Pierre Laval... Collaboration, literally, consists of working together with one or more other people. ... Motto Travail, famille, patrie French: Unoccupied zone of Vichy France (until November 1942) Capital Vichy Capital-in-exile Sigmaringen (1944-1945) Language(s) French Religion Roman Catholic Government Dictatorship Chief of state  - 1940 — 1944 Philippe Pétain President of the Council  - 1940 — 1942 Philippe Pétain  - 1942 — 1944 Pierre Laval... The Organisation de larmée secrète (OAS; Secret Army Organization) was a short-lived French right-wing terrorist group formed in January 1961 to resist the granting of independence to the French colony of Algeria (Algérie française). ...

Elsewhere Pierre Milza and Guy Antonetti refuse to class the FN as a fascist party, while Michel Dobry, profesor at the Sorbonne university (Paris-I), defines it as a party with fascist tendencies. Robert Paxton suggests that fascist ideology may come back under the guises of the FN. Pierre Milza (born in 1932) is a French historian, well-known as a specialist of fascism. ... Fascism is an authoritarian political ideology (generally tied to a mass movement) that considers individual and other societal interests subordinate to the needs of the state, and seeks to forge a type of national unity, usually based on, but not limited to, ethnic, cultural, or racial attributes. ... Robert Paxton (b 1932) is a historian who worked on Vichy France. ...

The (generally Left) organizations who work to reduce the influence of the Front National came in the nineties to consider it as a clearly facsist organization, or at least built around a fascist core.

History

The FN was born out of the second congress of the Ordre nouveau (New Order) far right movement on June 10-11, 1972, when it was decided to create a party to participate in the 1973 legislative elections. The party was formally announced on October 5, 1972, under the name of Front national pour l'unité française (National Front for French Unity), called Front National. Jean-Marie Le Pen became its first and only president until this day, while François Brigneau, former member of Marcel Déat's Collaborationist National Popular Rally (RNP) ^[8] Roger Holeindre, a former member of the OAS, Jean-Pierre Stirbois, and François Duprat, who introduced in France negationist thesis (in particular Richard Harwood's pamphlets)^{[9] [10]}, formed the Bureau national (National Office). Others founding members include Roland Gaucher (1919-2007), also a former member of Déat's RNP ^[8], and Jacques Bompard, former supporter of the OAS. Marcel Déat Marcel Déat (March 7, 1894-January 5, 1955) was a French Fascist and politician prior to and during World War II. Born in Guerigny, Déat became a member of the French Socialist Party in 1914. ... Collaboration, literally, consists of working together with one or more other people. ... The National Popular Rally (French: Rassemblement national populaire, RNP, 1941-1944) was one of the main Collaborationist party under the Vichy regime of World War II. It was created in February 1941 by Marcel Déat and was heavily inspired by Fascism. ... Roger Holeindre Roger Holeindre (Corrano, Corsica, March 21, 1929, nicknamed Popeye by his supporters [1]) is a French politician, vice-president of the National Front (FN) far-right party. ... The Organisation de larmée secrète (OAS; Secret Army Organization) was a short-lived French right-wing terrorist group formed in January 1961 to resist the granting of independence to the French colony of Algeria (Algérie française). ... François Duprat (1941-1978) was French historian, educator, and revisionist writer. ... Historical revisionism is the attempt to change commonly held ideas about the past. ... Richard Verrall (born 1948) is a National Front member and edited its magazine Spearhead from 1976 to 1980. ... Roland Gaucher is the pseudonym of Roland Goguillot, a French far-right journalist born on April 13, 1919. ... Jacques Bompard (1943, Montpellier) is a French politician, member of Philippe de Villiers Movement for France (MPF) and former member of the far-right National Front (FN). ...

The party didn't have any relevant electoral successes until the beginning of the 1980s, in part because of competition from the Parti des forces nouvelles (PFN), an off-shoot created in November 1974 from National Front members opposed to Le Pen. However, in 1983, Jean-Pierre Stirbois gained one of the first victories for Le Pen's party, scoring 16.7% in the Dreux by-election. During the June 17, 1984 European elections, the party obtained 10 seats. The FN then gained 35 seats in the March 16, 1986 legislative elections, taking advantage of the new proportional ballot, which president François Mitterrand (PS) had imposed in order to moderate a foreseeable defeat by the right-wing RPR, headed by then mayor of Paris Jacques Chirac. The RPR won anyway, and Mitterrand nominated Chirac as Prime minister, setting up the first cohabitation between the two main political parties in France, the PS and the RPR, in the executive, since the 1958 founding of the Fifth Republic. Furthermore, some hard-liners in the FN spin-off to create the French and European Nationalist Party. Parti des forces nouvelles (PFN) or Party of New Forces[1] was a French far right political party formed in November 1974 from the Comité faire front, a group of anti-Jean-Marie Le Pen dissidents who had split from the National Front (FN). ... Dreux is a town and commune in northwest France, in the Eure-et-Loir département. ... A Member of the European Parliament (English abbreviation MEP)[1] is a member of the European Unions directly-elected legislative body, the European Parliament. ... The French legislative election took place on March 16, 1986 to elect the 8th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic. ...   IPA: (October 26, 1916 – January 8, 1996) was President of France from 1981 to 1995, elected as representative of the Socialist Party (PS). ... The emblem of the French Socialist Party The Socialist Party (Parti Socialiste or PS), founded in 1969, is the main opposition party in France. ... The Rally for the Republic, also known by its French acronym RPR (Rassemblement pour la République), was a French political party. ... “Chirac” redirects here. ... Cohabitation in government occurs in semi-presidential systems, such as Frances system, when the President and the Prime Minister come from different political parties. ... The Fifth Republic is the fifth and current republican constitution of France, which was introduced on October 5, 1958. ... The French and European Nationalist Party (French:Parti nationaliste français et européen or PNFE) was a minor French far right political group founded in 1987. ...

In 1988 Bruno Mégret became the general secretary of the FN, overshading Jean-Pierre Stirbois, who died the same year. Carl Lang and Bruno Gollnisch were then promoted by Mégret to senior levels within the party. Royalists such as Michel de Rostolan, Thibault de la Tocnaye and Olivier d'Ormesson also joined the FN in the 1980s, seeing in it a continuation of the Action Française royalist movement. Bruno Mégret (born April 4, 1949) is a French politician. ... Carl Lang (born 20 September 1957) is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament for the north-west of France. ... Bruno Gollnisch is a French academic and politician. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

The crisis in the 1990s

During the nineties a debate over strategy within the FN led to a growing division between those who wanted to affirm the continuity with a fascist past, and those who wanted alliances with sections of the traditional Right. This came to a head in 1997-8. Several traditional Conservative leaders showed they were willing to have alliances in the context of regional councils. The result was a series of demonstrations against these leaders, mostly organized by the "Manifeste contre le Front national". Faced with this kind of publicity, the Conservatives moved away from the FN. The result was a crisis in the FN which led to a split.

Supporters of Le Pen and of the "national-conservative" tendency (Roger Holeindre, etc.) opposed "nationalist revolutionaries" closer to Bruno Mégret and Third Position ideologies ^[11]. The split between Mégret and Le Pen started on July 16, 1997, during a FN meeting near Strasbourg. Roger Holeindre, vice-President of the FN, initiated the hostilities against Mégret by criticizing "ideological racialism" theories supported by FN members close to the Nouvelle Droite and former members of the Club de l'Horloge ^[12]. He also advocated a return to more "paternalist" approaches of immigration issues, in the French colonialist tradition ^[12]. Along with Samuel Maréchal, Marine Le Pen, Jean-Claude Martinez, the Catholic current represented by Bernard Antony and Bruno Gollnisch, and Martine Lehideux, Roger Holeindre was part of the "TSM" current (Tout sauf Mégret, Anybody But Mégret) ^[12]. National-Conservative is a political term used primarily in Europe to describe a type of right-wing political philosophy. ... Bruno Mégret (born April 4, 1949) is a French politician. ... International Third Position was a group formed by Nick Griffin and Derek Holland as a continuation of the Political Soldier movement. ... is the 197th day of the year (198th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ... For other uses, see Strasburg. ... Roger Holeindre Roger Holeindre (Corrano, Corsica, March 21, 1929, nicknamed Popeye by his supporters [1]) is a French politician, vice-president of the National Front (FN) far-right party. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Nouvelle Droite (English: New Right) is a school of political thought founded largely on the works of Alain de Benoist and GRECE. Although most popular and well known in France, Nouvelle Droite has been very influential in other European right-wing movements. ... The Club de lHorloge (literally The Clock Club) is a French conservative association founded in 1974. ... -1... Marine le Pen (born August 5, 1968) is a French politician. ... Jean-Claude Martinez (born 30 July 1945 in Sète, Hérault) is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament for the south-west of France. ... Bruno Gollnisch is a French academic and politician. ...

The juridical battle for the appelation Front National and the original Resistant movement (1998-1999)

Further information: Front National (French Resistance)

In December 1998, Bruno Mégret, at that time still number 2 in the FN but under attacks by inside members since July 1997, quit the party to found what would become the National Republican Movement (MNR). The "Megretist crisis" has led to an Ubuesque situation, in which Le Pen and Mégret fought for the legal right to use the name "Front National." Just before Mégret filed with the sous-préfecture of Boulogne-Billancourt the name "Front national - Mouvement national" (cancelled by the courts in May 1999), Le Pen filed (on January 27, 1999) articles for the creation of an association "Front national pour l'unité française" (National Front for French Unity). However, both figures were outraced by the legal owner of the appellation "Front national," which was the name of a resistance, and therefore anti-fascist movement created in 1941 by Communists, and which also gathered Catholics and religious people. Along with René Roussel, currently responsible for the legacy of the Resistant Front National, the satiric weekly Charlie Hebdo deposed the FN name to the INPI (Institut national de la propriété industrielle, the institution responsible for brands) on December 18, 1998 (explaining why neither the FN nor the MNR could simply call themselves "Front National"), with the intention of giving the name back to its original owners. Thus, legally, the FN is not named "Front National," an appellation reserved to the original Front National. At the Liberation, after the deportation and death of many of the members of the clandestine direction, the FN resistant movement counted as members such figures as Frédéric Joliot-Curie, Pierre Villon, Henri Wallon, Laurent Casanova, François Mauriac and Louis Aragon.^{[13] [14]}. This article is about the WWII French resistance movement, French right-wing conservative political party Front National Front National was a WWII French resistance movement, led by Pierre Villon Categories: Stub ... The National Republican Movement (Mouvement National Républicain or MNR) is a French far-right political party, created by Bruno Mégret as a split from Jean-Marie Le Pens National Front. ... Ubu Roi (King Ubu) is a play written by Alfred Jarry in 1896 that is widely acknowledged as a theatrical precursor to the Absurdist, Dada and Surrealist art movements. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Anti-Fascism is a belief and practice of opposing all forms of Fascism. ... Charlie Hebdo is a French satirical political weekly newspaper. ... This article is about brands in marketing. ... This article is about the WWII French resistance movement, French right-wing conservative political party Front National Front National was a WWII French resistance movement, led by Pierre Villon Categories: Stub ... Crowds of French patriots line the Champs Elysees to view Allied tanks and half tracks pass through the Arc de Triomphe, after Paris was liberated on August 25, 1944. ... Frédéric Joliot-Curie Jean Frédéric Joliot-Curie né Joliot (March 19, 1900 – August 14, 1958) was a French physicist and Nobel laureate. ... Pierre Villon (August 27, 1901 in Soultz, Haut-Rhin - November 6, 1980 in Vallauris, Alpes-Maritimes was a member of the French Communist Party and of the French Resistance during the war. ... Henri-Alexandre Wallon (December 23, 1812 - November 13, 1904), French historian and statesman, was born at Valenciennes. ... François Mauriac (October 11, 1885 – September 1, 1970) was a French author, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature. ... Louis Aragon (October 3, 1897 - December 24, 1982), French historian, poet and novelist. ...

After the 2002 presidential election

A year after the 2002 presidential election, in which Le Pen succeeded in getting in to the second round against Jacques Chirac (see below), Le Pen appointed his daughter, Marine Le Pen, to the executive of the party. In 2004, opponents of Le Pen in the executive such as Jacques Bompard, mayor of Orange, the largest town administrated by the FN, and Marie-France Stirbois (who particularly opposed Marine Le Pen's nomination, which they saw as the establishment of a "Le Pen dynasty") were steered away from the center of power. This led Jacques Bompard to join Philippe de Villiers' Movement for France (MPF), a reactionary party which has similar ideas to the FN and a similar voting base, and hence represents the FN's main rival party for the 2007 presidential and legislative elections. Several former FN members have joined it, including the FN's only two mayors. Carl Lang tried to bring them back into the FN, by inviting in 2001 members deceived by the MNR to join again the FN. The MNR, however, has allied itself with the FN in view of the 2007 presidential election (and, even more, of the legislative elections), thus making de Villier's MPF the main competition. The 2002 French presidential election consisted of a first round election on 21 April 2002, and a runoff election between the top two candidates (Jacques Chirac and Jean-Marie Le Pen) on 5 May 2002. ... Marine le Pen (born August 5, 1968) is a French politician. ... Jacques Bompard (1943, Montpellier) is a French politician, member of Philippe de Villiers Movement for France (MPF) and former member of the far-right National Front (FN). ... Orange (Provençal Occitan: Aurenja in classical norm or Aurenjo in Mistralian norm) is a town and commune in the département of Vaucluse, in the south of France. ... Philippe de Villiers in Toulouse in April 2007 Philippe de Villiers (born Viscount Philippe Le Jolis de Villiers de Saintignon on March 25, 1949) was the Mouvement pour la France nominee for the French presidential election of 2007. ... The Movement for France (French: Mouvement pour la France), or MPF, is a French conservative, traditionalist and nationalist party, founded on November 20, 1994, with a marked regional implementation in Vendée. ... Carl Lang (born 20 September 1957) is a French politician and Member of the European Parliament for the north-west of France. ...

Legal problems and Holocaust denial condemnations

On January 7, 2005, Jean-Marie Le Pen declared in the far-right newspaper Rivarol that the German's occupation "hadn't been so inhumane" ^[15]. On 13 September 1987 he had already referred to the Nazi gas chambers as "a point of detail of the Second World War." In accordance with the 1990 Gayssot Act prohibiting Holocaust denial and others forms of negationism, he was at the time condemned to pay 1.2 millions Francs (183,200 Euros) ^[16] is the 7th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar). ... Extermination camps were one type of facility that Nazi Germany built during World War II for the systematic killing of millions of people in what has become known as the Holocaust. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... The Gayssot Act (Loi Gayssot), voted for on July 13, 1990, makes it an offense in France to question the existence of the category of crimes against humanity as defined in the London Charter of 1945, on the basis of which Nazi leaders were convicted by the International Military Tribunal... Richard Harwoods Did Six Million Really Die? Holocaust denial is the claim that the mainstream historical version of the Holocaust is either highly exaggerated or completely falsified. ... Historical revisionism is the attempt to change commonly held ideas about the past. ...

Bruno Gollnisch, MEP and leader of the European parliamentary group Identity, Tradition and Sovereignty since its creation in early January 2007, was condemned the same month to three months of prison on probation and 55,000 Euros in damages and interest by Lyon's tribunal correctionnel for the "offense of verbal contestation of the existence of crimes against humanity, ^[17]." Gollnisch had carried out the incriminated verbal contestation on October 11, 2004, by declaring: Bruno Gollnisch is a French academic and politician. ... The Media embedded Processor (MeP) is a configurable 32-bit processor design from Toshiba Semiconductor for embedded media processing applications. ... Identity, Tradition and Sovereignty is a political group in the European Parliament composed of twenty MEPs from European parties variously described as far right and extreme nationalist. ...

I do not question the existence of concentration camps but historians could discuss the number of deaths. As to the existence of gas chambers, it is up to historians to make up their minds {de se déterminer}. ^[18]

Some FN activists have been prosecuted for illegal acts : on May 1, 1995, Brahim Bouraam was pushed into the Seine River by four FN activists ^{[19] [20]}. In December 1997, skinhead David Beaune was judged in Le Havre for the death of Imad Bouhoud ^{[21] [22] [23]}. In 1998, Ibrahim Ali, a 17 years old Frenchman with Comorian origins, was shot dead by three FN billstickers, members of the FN's militia, the Department of Protection-Security (DPS) (15 years, 10 years and 2 years of prison for the group) ^{[19] [24]}. It has been suggested that Internment be merged into this article or section. ... For other uses, see Gas chamber (disambiguation). ... This article is about the river in France; it should not be confused with the Senne, a much smaller river that flows through Brussels. ... Nazi-Skinheads are a right wing subculture that developed in the United Kingdom in the first half of the 1980s. ... Le Havre is a city in Normandy, northern France, on the English Channel, at the mouth of the Seine. ... Ibrahim Ali (1978-1995) was a seventeen-year-old man killed in Marseille, France, in 1995. ... Department of Protection-Security (DPS) or Département Protection et Sécurité is the security branch of the Front National political party of France. ...

Electoral successes

Municipalities

National advertisement in Marseille, predicting the now unrealised possibility of Jean-Marie Le Pen becoming President in 2007

The Front National (FN) has been elected in several municipalities, typically where there is unemployment and tension between local people and immigrants. The party has tended to cut back on social services for immigrants as well as cultural activities deemed "anti-family" or "multicultural." Spending has been redirected to the municipal police and other services. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2592 × 1944 pixel, file size: 2. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2592 × 1944 pixel, file size: 2. ... City flag Coat of arms Motto: By her great deeds, the city of Massilia shines Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country Region Provence-Alpes-Côte dAzur Department Bouches-du-Rhône (13) Subdivisions 16 arrondissements (in 8 secteurs) Intercommunality Urban Community of Marseille Provence M... Jean-Marie Le Pen Jean-Marie Le Pen (born June 20, 1928, La Trinité-sur-Mer France) is a French far-right nationalist politician, founder and president of the Front National (National Front) party, and a candidate for the French presidency. ...

One of the party's earliest successes came in the city of Dreux, when in 1983 they won the city council and deputy mayorship, amid rising unemployment. Dreux is a town and commune in northwest France, in the Eure-et-Loir département. ... Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar). ...

The FN collegial lists won three cities during the June 1995 municipal elections, all in the southern Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, in a political context of triangulaires ("triangulars," opposing a left-wing candidate to a conservative candidate and a FN candidate). Jacques Bompard, former member of the national direction of Occident and of OAS, was then elected mayor of Orange, one of the FN's major city, in 1995 (his list making a score of 33% at the first turn and 36% at the second, and reelected in 2001. He then left the FN, to take membership in 2005 in Philippe de Villiers's Movement for France (MPF). Daniel Simonpieri won in Marignane, with 33% at the first turn and 37% at the second turn, and Jean-Marie Le Chevallier won in Toulon with 31% at the first turn and 37% at the second turn. Two years later, in 1997, Catherine Mégret, the spouse of then general delegate Bruno Mégret (who was ineligible) won at the first turn, with an absolute majority (52.48%) the partial municipal election of Vitrolles, Bouches-du-Rhône. (Région flag) (Region logo) Location Administration Capital Regional President Departments Alpes-de-Haute-Provence Alpes-Maritimes Bouches-du-Rhône Hautes-Alpes Var Vaucluse Arrondissements 18 Cantons 237 Communes 963 Statistics Land area1 31,400 km² Population (Ranked 3rd)  - January 1, 2006 est. ... Jacques Bompard (1943, Montpellier) is a French politician, member of Philippe de Villiers Movement for France (MPF) and former member of the far-right National Front (FN). ... Occident, like many similar groups, used the celtic cross as its emblem. ... The Organisation de larmée secrète (OAS; Secret Army Organization) was a short-lived French right-wing terrorist group formed in January 1961 to resist the granting of independence to the French colony of Algeria (Algérie française). ... Roman theatre at Orange, France Orange (Arenjo in Provençal) is a city in the département of Vaucluse, in the south of France. ... Philippe de Villiers in Toulouse in April 2007 Philippe de Villiers (born Viscount Philippe Le Jolis de Villiers de Saintignon on March 25, 1949) was the Mouvement pour la France nominee for the French presidential election of 2007. ... The Movement for France (French: Mouvement pour la France), or MPF, is a French conservative, traditionalist and nationalist party, founded on November 20, 1994, with a marked regional implementation in Vendée. ... Marignane is a commune of the Bouches-du-Rhône département, in southern France, located near Marseille. ... Panorama of Toulon area. ... Bruno Mégret (born April 4, 1949) is a French politician. ... Vitrolles is a small town and commune in southern France, in the Bouches-du-Rhône département, where the Front National once held the majority. ...

The FN's management of these towns became controversial, amid liberal economic policies (In Orange, Jacques Bompard reduced school spending by 50%, while in Vitrolles, lead by Catherine Mégret, 150 civil employees were fired, while the police force was expanded from 34 to 70 officers), corruption and even censorship in public libraries. In Vitrolles, the party sought to give 500 euros to the families of each French baby born (in accordance to the FN's policy of "national preference" (préférence nationale), which is supposed to favorize the Français de souche (despite that more than a quarter of the French population has foreign origins) but was unable to do so for constitutional reasons. Liberalism is an ideology, philosophical view, and political tradition which holds that liberty is the primary political value. ... For other uses, see Censor. ... This image has an uncertain copyright status and is pending deletion. ...

Censorship

The General Inspection of Libraries made a report, directed by Denis Pallier, at the request of the Minister of Culture, in particular concerning the management of Marignane's and Orange's public libraries. Such libraries depend, in France, on the municipal council, and hence on the mayor, who is responsible for their management. The report stated that in 1996, Marignagne's public library received the order to "put an end to the subscription to L'Événement du Jeudi, Libération, and La Marseillaise" - all of them left-wing newspapers. It refused to acquire Le Rose et le noir: Histoire des homosexuels en France depuis 1968, as well as a list of 70 children's detective fiction (including Agatha Christie, Conan Doyle, etc.). It also refused to acquire Zaïr Kedadouche's autobiography, entitled Zaïr le Gaulois, a Frenchman from Maghrebin origins who became a regional counsellor and counsellor to the delegate minister to City and integration; Freud's Cinq leçons sur la psychanalyse and Le Mot d'Esprit et sa relation à l'inconscient; a book by the abbé Pierre and Bernard Kouchner's Dieu et les hommes. At the same time, Marignane's municipality had the library acquired, without informing them, 60 books from far-right editors, some of them openly declaring themselves negationists and upholding conspiracy theories about a so-called "Judeo-Masonic conspiracy". In Toulon, the municipal adjoint to culture claimed that pluralism meant that Marx and Hitler should be on the same bookshelf, while he persuaded the librarian to buy books from far-right publishing house Editions Elor, where authors related to far-right daily Présent. In Orange, the library refused books concerning racism, hip hop or fairy tales from other countries, in particular from the Maghreb, as well as books written by authors opposing the far-right (i.e. Jean Lacouture's biography of Montaigne, Didier Daeninckx, etc.) ^{[25] [26] [27][28] [29]} The Minister of Culture and Communications is, in the Government of France, the cabinet member in charge of national museums and monuments; promoting and protecting the arts (visual, plastic, theatrical, musical, dance, architectural, literary, televisual and cinematographic) in France and abroad; and managing the national archives and regional maisons de... A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning larger, greater) is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer. ... Libération (affectionately known as Libé) is a French daily newspaper founded in Paris in 1973 by Jean-Paul Sartre, Pierre Victor alias Benny Lévy and Serge July in the wake of the protest movements of May 1968. ... This article is about the anthem La Marseillaise. A sculpture popularly called La Marseillaise is part of the sculptural program of the Arc de Triomphe. ... Basil Rathbone as Sherlock Holmes Detective fiction is a branch of crime fiction that centers upon the investigation of a crime, usually murder, by a detective, either professional or amateur. ... Agatha Mary Clarissa, Lady Mallowan, DBE (15 September 1890 – 12 January 1976), mainly known as Agatha Christie, was an English crime fiction writer. ... ... Sigmund Freud (IPA: ), born Sigismund Schlomo Freud (May 6, 1856 – September 23, 1939), was an Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist who founded the psychoanalytic school of psychology. ... LAbbé Pierre (born August 5, 1912) was born as Henri Grouès in Lyon is a French Catholic priest. ... -1... Historical revisionism is the attempt to change commonly held ideas about the past. ... A conspiracy theory is a theory that defies common historical or current understanding of events, under the claim that those events are the result of manipulations by two or more individuals or various secretive powers or conspiracies. ... Karl Heinrich Marx (May 5, 1818 – March 14, 1883) was a 19th century philosopher, political economist, and revolutionary. ... Hitler redirects here. ... Hip hop is a cultural movement that began amongst urban African American youth in New York and has since spread around the world. ... A fairy tale is a story, either told to children or as if told to children, concerning the adventures of mythical characters such as fairies, goblins, elves, trolls, giants, and others. ... Jean Lacouture (9 June 1921 - ) is a French journalist, historian and writer, particularly famous for his biographies. ... Michel Eyquem de Montaigne (February 28, 1533 - September 13, 1592) was an influential French Renaissance writer, generally considered to be the inventor of the personal essay. ... Didier Daeninckx (born April 27, 1949) is a French author, best known for his romans noir. ...

Furthermore, in Vitrolles the director of the cinema was fired because he had shown a movie about homosexuality and AIDS. Homosexuality refers to sexual interaction and / or romantic attraction between individuals of the same sex. ... For other uses, see AIDS (disambiguation). ...

Electoral alliances

The FN has made some electoral alliances with other right-wing parties between 1977 and 1992. The RPR condemned them in September 1988, as did the Parti républicain latter do in 1991. Regional alliances (Charles Millon, leader of La Droite) were then sometimes passed. The Rally for the Republic, also known by its French acronym RPR (Rassemblement pour la République), was a French political party. ... The Republican Party was a French right-wing political party founded in 1977. ... Charles Millon, born on november 13th, 1945 in Belley, Ain, is a french politician. ... The Right (La Droite) is a political party in France, founded in 1998 by Charles Millon following his expulsion of the Union for French Democracy due to alliances passed with the National Front, which allowed him to get elected at the presidency of the Rhône-Alpes regional council. ...

2002 presidential election

In the 2002 presidential election many commentators were shocked when Jean-Marie Le Pen gained the second highest number of votes, and thus entered the second round of voting. Almost all had expected the second ballot to be between Jacques Chirac and Lionel Jospin (the PS candidate). This result came after the election campaign had increasingly focused on law and order issues, with some particularly striking cases of juvenile delinquency catching the attention of the media, and low voter turnout. Furthermore, Jospin had been weakened by multiple candidacies from his own political block. The election brought the two round voting system into question as well as raising concerns about apathy and the way in which the left had become so divided. After huge demonstrations against the FN, Chirac went on to win the presidency in an overwhelming landslide (83%), aided by ubiquitous support in the media and academia, while Le Pen's constituency was either ridiculed or ignored by the French press. Jospin himself urged voters to choose "the lesser of two evils". The day of the election, France's most popular national newspaper, Le Monde, featured a front page article entitled "Chirac, bien sûr" ("Chirac, of course"). The 2002 French presidential election consisted of a first round election on 21 April 2002, and a runoff election between the top two candidates (Jacques Chirac and Jean-Marie Le Pen) on 5 May 2002. ... “Chirac” redirects here. ... Lionel Robert Jospin (born July 12, 1937 in Meudon, a suburb of Paris) is a French statesman who served as Prime Minister of France from 1997-2002. ... The emblem of the French Socialist Party The Socialist Party (Parti Socialiste or PS), founded in 1969, is the main opposition party in France. ... An example of runoff voting. ... For the song by the Thievery Corporation, see Le Monde (song). ...

2007 presidential election

Before the 2007 presidential election, Jean-Marie Le Pen and Bruno Mégret, who had split to create the rival party, the MNR, agreed to ally again in order not to lose votes to internal disputes. However, Le Pen still trailed in fourth place behind Nicolas Sarkozy (31%), Ségolène Royal (26%) and François Bayrou (19%), with only 11% of the vote. The 2007 French presidential election, the ninth of the Fifth French Republic was held to elect the successor to Jacques Chirac as president of France for a five-year term. ... Bruno Mégret (born April 4, 1949) is a French politician. ...

European issues

The Front National was also one of several parties that backed France's 2005 rejection of the Treaty for a European Constitution. In Le Pen's opinion, France should not join any organisation that could overrule its own national decisions. The FN is the leading member of Euronat, which gathers the most radical "euronationalist" parties. In the European Parliament, it was part of the non-inscrits parties until 2007, when it managed to set up an alliance with other euro-sceptic and nationalist parties, thus reaching the minimum number of MEPs necessary to make up a group for the pruposes of the Parliament's standing orders, dubbed Identity, Tradition, and Sovereignty and led by FN member Bruno Gollnisch. On 29 May 2005 a referendum was held in France to decide whether the country should ratify the proposed Constitution of the European Union. ... Euronat (also known as EuroNet and Euro-Nat) is/was an effort by Jean-Marie Le Pen of Front National to gather all the Euronationalist parties of Europe. ... Established 1952, as the Common Assembly President Hans-Gert Pöttering (EPP) Since 16 January 2007 Vice-Presidents 14 Rodi Kratsa-Tsagaropoulou (EPP) Alejo Vidal-Quadras (EPP) Gérard Onesta (Greens – EFA) Edward McMillan-Scott (ED) Mario Mauro (EPP) Miguel Angel Martínez Martínez (PES) Luigi Cocilovo (ALDE) Mechtild... Non-Inscrits (English: Non-Attached; the English name is also official, but the French name is prevalent even in English texts) are Members of the European Parliament who do not sit in one of the political groups. ... Euroscepticism is scepticism about, or disagreement with, the purposes of the European Union, sometimes coupled with a desire to preserve national sovereignty. ... A Member of the European Parliament (English abbreviation MEP) is a member of the European Unions directly-elected legislative body, the European Parliament. ... Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty is a political group in the European Parliament composed of twenty members from European parties variously described by their political adversaries as far right and extremely nationalist. ... Bruno Gollnisch is a French academic and politician. ...

Saint Pois, Normandy: a poster found in front of a house in that village early in December 2005 and which has not been removed. The text reads "You are fucking France – Pull out!"

Image File history File links SaintPoisCT.jpg‎ Summary Author: David Lawn; own photograph; rights released Authors email: letters@my-normandy. ... Image File history File links SaintPoisCT.jpg‎ Summary Author: David Lawn; own photograph; rights released Authors email: letters@my-normandy. ... For other uses, see Normandy (disambiguation). ...

Others

In January 2007, the party attempted to establish a base within the virtual reality game Second Life; however, their presence was quickly opposed by the international socialist grouping within the game, Second Life Left Unity. ^[30] Second Life (abbreviated as SL) is an Internet-based virtual world launched in 2003, developed by Linden Research, Inc (commonly referred to as Linden Lab), which came to international attention via mainstream news media in late 2006 and early 2007. ... In the virtual world of Second Life, there are a number of in-world business and user-groups founded specifically for the game, some of which have become legal entities in their own right, as well as preexisting companies and organizations that have involved themselves in the world. ...

Elections

The Palais Bourbon, front The French National Assembly (French: Assemblée nationale) is one of the two houses of the bicameral Parliament of France under the Fifth Republic. ... French legislative election took place on March 12 and 19, 1978 to elect the 6th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic. ... French legislative election took place on June 14 and 21, 1981 to elect the 7th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic. ... The French legislative election took place on March 16, 1986 to elect the 8th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic. ... French legislative election took place on June 5 and 12, 1988 to elect the 9th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic. ... French legislative election took place on March 21 and 28, 1993 to elect the 10th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic. ... French legislative election took place in May 25 and June 1, 1997 to elect the 11th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic. ... These are the results of the French legislative election of 2002 Category: ... The French legislative elections took place on 10 June and 17 June 2007 to elect the 13th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic, a few weeks after the French presidential election run-off on 6 May. ... This article is about the political and administrative structures of the French government. ... Second Round First Round See also President of France France Politics of France Categories: | | ... Jean-Marie Le Pen Jean-Marie Le Pen (born June 20, 1928, La Trinité-sur-Mer France) is a French far-right nationalist politician, founder and president of the Front National (National Front) party, and a candidate for the French presidency. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Second Round First Round See also President of France France Politics of France Categories: Election related stubs | Elections in France | 1988 elections ... Jean-Marie Le Pen Jean-Marie Le Pen (born June 20, 1928, La Trinité-sur-Mer France) is a French far-right nationalist politician, founder and president of the Front National (National Front) party, and a candidate for the French presidency. ... Second Round First Round See also: President of France, France, Politics of France Categories: Elections in France | 1995 elections ... Jean-Marie Le Pen Jean-Marie Le Pen (born June 20, 1928, La Trinité-sur-Mer France) is a French far-right nationalist politician, founder and president of the Front National (National Front) party, and a candidate for the French presidency. ... The 2002 French presidential election consisted of a first round election on 21 April 2002, and a runoff election between the top two candidates (Jacques Chirac and Jean-Marie Le Pen) on 5 May 2002. ... Jean-Marie Le Pen Jean-Marie Le Pen (born June 20, 1928, La Trinité-sur-Mer France) is a French far-right nationalist politician, founder and president of the Front National (National Front) party, and a candidate for the French presidency. ... The 2007 French presidential election, the ninth of the Fifth French Republic was held to elect the successor to Jacques Chirac as president of France for a five-year term. ... Jean-Marie Le Pen Jean-Marie Le Pen (born June 20, 1928, La Trinité-sur-Mer France) is a French far-right nationalist politician, founder and president of the Front National (National Front) party, and a candidate for the French presidency. ... Established 1952, as the Common Assembly President Hans-Gert Pöttering (EPP) Since 16 January 2007 Vice-Presidents 14 Rodi Kratsa-Tsagaropoulou (EPP) Alejo Vidal-Quadras (EPP) Gérard Onesta (Greens – EFA) Edward McMillan-Scott (ED) Mario Mauro (EPP) Miguel Angel Martínez Martínez (PES) Luigi Cocilovo (ALDE) Mechtild... In 1984 the second direct elections to the European Parliament were held in the France. ... On June 15 1989 the third direct elections to the European Parliament were held in the France. ... On June 12 1994 the fourth direct elections to the European Parliament were held in the France. ... On June 13 1994 the fifth direct elections to the European Parliament were held in the France. ... Elections to the European Parliament were held in France on June 13, 2004. ...

References

Sciences Po, often referred to as Foundation Nationale des Sciences Politiques de Paris, Institut detudes Politiques de Paris, or simply IEP Paris, is a leading specialist school in the French capital. ... Pierre-Andre Taguieff, born at 1946 in Paris is a philosopher and political economist, director of research at CNRS (in a Institut dEtudes Politiques de Paris (Sciences Po) laboratory, the CEVIPOF). ... Henry Rousso (born 1954 in Cairo) is a contemporary French Historian specializing in World War II France. ... LHistoire is a monthly mainstream French magazine dedicated to historical studies, recognized by peers as the most important historical popular magazine (as opposed to specifics university journals or less scientific popular historical magazines). ... LHumanité (Humanity), formerly the daily newspaper of the French Communist Party (PCF), was founded in 1904 by Jean Jaurès, a leader of the SFIO socialist party. ... LHumanité (Humanity), formerly the daily newspaper of the French Communist Party (PCF), was founded in 1904 by Jean Jaurès, a leader of the SFIO socialist party. ... For the song by the Thievery Corporation, see Le Monde (song). ... is the 194th day of the year (195th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Reuters Group plc (LSE: RTR and NASDAQ: RTRSY); pron. ... LExpress is the name the first news magazine in France. ... Le Nouvel Observateur (often shorten to Le Nouvel Obs) is a weekly French newsmagazine. ... MRAP stands for Mouvement contre le racisme et pour lamitié entre les peuples (Movement Against Racism and for Frienship between People), and is an anti-racist French NGO, created in 1941. ... LHumanité (Humanity), formerly the daily newspaper of the French Communist Party (PCF), was founded in 1904 by Jean Jaurès, a leader of the SFIO socialist party. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Réseau Voltaire (Voltaire Network) is a international non-profit organisation, based in Paris with offices in London and Lima, which states it aims at promoting liberty and laïcité. Chairman : Thierry Meyssan (France) Deputy chairmen : Sandro Cruz (Peru), Issa El-Ayoubi (Lebanon) The Voltaire Network publishes a daily... LHumanité (Humanity), formerly the daily newspaper of the French Communist Party (PCF), was founded in 1904 by Jean Jaurès, a leader of the SFIO socialist party. ... BBC News is the department within the BBC responsible for the corporations news-gathering and production of news programmes on BBC television, radio and online. ... LHumanité (Humanity), formerly the daily newspaper of the French Communist Party (PCF), was founded in 1904 by Jean Jaurès, a leader of the SFIO socialist party. ... LHumanité (Humanity), formerly the daily newspaper of the French Communist Party (PCF), was founded in 1904 by Jean Jaurès, a leader of the SFIO socialist party. ... For the song by the Thievery Corporation, see Le Monde (song). ... For the song by the Thievery Corporation, see Le Monde (song). ... LExpress is the name the first news magazine in France. ... Libération (affectionately known as Libé) is a French daily newspaper founded in Paris in 1973 by Jean-Paul Sartre, Pierre Victor alias Benny Lévy and Serge July in the wake of the protest movements of May 1968. ... The Guardian is a British newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. ...

Bibliography

• Claude Askolovitch, Voyage au bout de la France: Le Front National tel qu'il est (Prix Décembre 1999)
• Erwan Lecoeur, Dictionnaire de l’extrême-droite, Larousse 2007, ISBN 978-2035826220

The Prix Décembre, originally known as the Prix Novembre is one of Frances premier literary awards. ... Larousse can refer to: Grand Larousse encyclopédique Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology Larousse Gastronomique Pierre Larousse Petit Larousse Category: ...

External links

• Front National homepage
• The Guardian: The true face of the National Front
• 1995 presidential election
• Brookings Institution analysis of anti-Semitic violence in France and the rise of Front National
• University of Sunderland analysis of Front National, published 1998
• BBC News report of the party split in 1999
• FYI France, "The Front National" (extensive bibliography, works in English & French & other)
• True Fascists of the New Europe, by Pat Buchanan, column dated April 30, 2002.
• Anti-Immigrant Policy boosts support for LePen, NPR dated November 22, 2006.

v • d • e Political parties in France
Far-right parties	National Front(FN) – National Republican Movement (MNR)
Conservative parties	Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) – Forum of Social Republicans (FRS) – Rally for France (RPF) National Centre of Independents and Peasants (CNIP) – Movement for France (MPF) - Hunting, Fishing, Nature, Tradition (CPNT)
Centrist parties	Radical Party (Rad) – Democratic Movement (MoDem) – New Centre (PSLE) - Union for French Democracy (UDF) – Liberal Alternative (AL)
Greens	CAP 21 – The Greens (Verts) – Ecology Generation (GE) – Independent Ecological Movement (MEI)
Leftwing parties	Socialist Party (PS) – Left Radical Party (PRG) – Citizen and Republican Movement (MRC) - French Communist Party (PCF)
Far-left parties	Revolutionary Communist League (LCR) – Workers' Struggle (LO) – Workers' Party (PT)