The National Garden Festivals were part of the cultural regeneration of large areas of derelict land in Britain's industrial districts during the 1980s and early 1990s. Five were held in total - one every two years, each in a different city - after the idea was pushed by environment secretary Michael Heseltine in 1980. They were based on the German post-war Bundesgartenschau concept for reclaiming large areas of derelict land in cities, and cost from £25-million to £70 million each. They reclaimed the contaminated ex-sites of large industrial concerns such as steelworks. Industrial district is a term used to describe an area where workers of a monolithic heavy industry (ship-building, coal mining, steel-working, ceramics, etc) live within walking-distance of their places of work. ... // Events and trends The 1980s marked an abrupt shift towards more conservative lifestyles after the momentous cultural revolutions which took place in the 1960s and 1970s and the definition of the AIDS virus in 1981. ... // Events and trends The 1990s are generally classified as having moved slightly away from the more conservative 1980s, but otherwise retaining a similar mindset. ... Michael Heseltine walks out of the cabinet meeting having resigned, January 9, 1986 The Right Honourable Michael Ray Dibdin Heseltine, Baron Heseltine, CH, PC (born 21 March 1933), is a British Conservative politician and businessman. ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) is a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... For details of notes and coins, see British coinage and British banknotes. ...

• Liverpool Garden Festival, 1984. Now a mix of housing and derelict sites.
• Stoke-on-Trent Garden Festival, 1986. Now mostly maturing garden parkland, with some retail and offices.
• Glasgow Garden Festival, 1988. Now office blocks.
• Gateshead Garden Festival, 1990. Now a housing estate.
• Ebbw Vale Garden Festival, 1992. Now mostly housing, in parkland and woodland.

See also: Commemorative coffee mug from the festival, showing a cartoon Liver bird. ... This page is about the year 1984. ... Antony Gormley sculpture, A View, A Place, 1986. ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) is a leap year starting on a Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Temptations album, see 1990 (Temptations album) MCMXC redirects here; for the Enigma album, see MCMXC a. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ...

Urban regeneration Urban regeneration (also called urban renewal in American English) is a movement in urban planning that reached its peak in the United States from the late 1940s through the early 1970s. ...