The National Language Authority (Muqtadra Qaumi Zaban - مقتدرہ قومی زبان) (or Urdu Language Authority^[1]) is an autonomous regulatory institution established in 1979 to support the advancements and promotion of Urdu which is the national language of Pakistan. Initially it was aimed at creating synergies between national and provincial governments and institutions for use of Urdu language. However, with time, it expanded the horizons to the works on standardisation and linguistic aspects such as orthography and lexicography. It also provides recommendations for maximizing use of the language in all walks of life. In this respect, large amounts of legal and scientific documents are translated from English and other languages for publication into Urdu. For the song by The Smashing Pumpkins, see 1979 (song). ... (اردو), historically spelled Ordu, is an Indo-Aryan language of the Indo-Iranian branch, belonging to Indo-European family of languages. ... A website (or Web site) is a collection of web pages, images, videos and other digital assets and hosted on a particular domain or subdomain on the World Wide Web. ... Autonomy is the condition of something that does not depend on anything else. ... In the context of government and public services regulation (as a process) is the control of something by rules, as opposed to its prohibition. ... Institutions are structures and mechanisms of social order and cooperation governing the behavior of two or more individuals. ... For the song by The Smashing Pumpkins, see 1979 (song). ... (اردو), historically spelled Ordu, is an Indo-Aryan language of the Indo-Iranian branch, belonging to Indo-European family of languages. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... The Constitution of Pakistan provides for a federal parliamentary system of government in Pakistan, with a President as the head of state and an indrectly-elected Prime Minister as the chief executive. ... Currently, Pakistan is subdivided into four provinces, two territories, and also portions of Kashmir that are administered by the Pakistani government. ... Standardisation or standardization (sometimes abbreviated s13n), in the context related to technologies and industries, is the process of establishing a technical standard among competing entities in a market, where this will bring benefits without hurting competition. ... Linguistics is the scientific study of language. ... The orthography of a language is the set of symbols (glyphs and diacritics) used to write a language, as well as the set of rules describing how to write these glyphs, including spelling, punctuation, and capitalization. ... Lexicography is either of two things Practical lexicography is the art or craft of writing dictionaries. ... In European Union Law a recommendation Differs from regulations, directives and decisions, in that they are not binding for Member States. ... This article is about law in society. ... For the scientific journal named Science, see Science (journal). ... Look up translate in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

In 1980, the Authority standardised^[2] the Urdu keyboard layout^[3] for typewriters based on Naskh script. Later on, with the arrival of the digital age, the layout was improved for teleprinters and Information processing.^[4] Subsequently, in 1998 efforts were initiated to standardize Urdu encoding, which resulted in the formation of Urdu Zabta Takhti (UZT 1.01) in 2000. Although the standard is not widely utilised, it has been used to update the Unicode support for Urdu.^[5] 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... Urdu keyboard refers to the keyboard layout on Urdu computer and typewriter keyboards. ... Mechanical desktop typewriters, such as this Underwood Five, were long time standards of government agencies, newsrooms, and sales offices. ... Naskh (نسخ, also known as Naskhi or by its Turkish name Nesih) is a specific calligraphic style for writing in the Arabic alphabet. ... It has been suggested that Digital Age be merged into this article or section. ... Teletype machines in World War II A teleprinter (teletypewriter, teletype or TTY for TeleTYpe/TeleTYpewriter) is a now largely obsolete electro-mechanical typewriter which can be used to communicate typed messages from point to point through a simple electrical communications channel, often just a pair of wires. ... In general, information processing is the changing (processing) of information in any manner detectable by an observer. ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean [1]. // Coated in ice, power and telephone lines sag and often break, resulting in power outages. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Unicode is an industry standard designed to allow text and symbols from all of the writing systems of the world to be consistently represented and manipulated by computers. ...

Objectives

Major objectives of the Authority are:

• To facilitate use of Urdu through publications and other reading materials for individuals and institutions.
• Provide linkages for cooperation and collaboration among various academic, research and educational institutions for use of Urdu language.
• Facilitate the adoption of Urdu for individuals and institutions.
• Promote research and collaborations for use of Urdu in the modern world.

Over the years efforts have also been made to promote and facilitate Urdu as an official and business language; as a Medium of instructions; and, as a medium of expression To publish is to make publicly known, and in reference to text and images, it can mean distributing paper copies to the public, or putting the content on a website. ... As commonly used, individual refers to a person or to any specific object in a collection. ... This article is about cooperation as used in the social sciences. ... A Unit can be a person, a family, a team, a business unit, an organisation, a community, a country, or society, which has their own treasured identity and way of working. ... Plato is credited with the inception of academia: the body of knowledge, its development and transmission across generations. ... Research is often described as an active, diligent, and systematic process of inquiry aimed at discovering, interpreting, and revising facts. ... An official (from the Latin Officialis, person – or object – related to an officium, v. ... Wall Street, Manhattan is the location of the New York Stock Exchange and is often used as a symbol for the world of business. ... Medium of instruction is the language that is used in teaching. ...

Organization

The organization comprises of six divisions:

• Dictionary section (Darul Lughaat)
• Translations section (Darul Tarjuma)
• Literature section (Darul Tasneef)
• Publications section (Darul Isha’at)
• Urdu Informatics
• Library, with extensive resources on Urdu. Also issues regular Urdu Bulletins.^[6]

The dictionary is a list of words with their definitions, a list of characters with their glyphs, or a list of words with corresponding words in other languages. ... Look up translate in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Old book bindings at the Merton College library. ... To publish is to make publicly known, and in reference to text and images, it can mean distributing paper copies to the public, or putting the content on a website. ... Julio Pérez Ferrero Library - Cúcuta, Colombia A modern-style library in Chambéry A library is a collection of information resources and services, organized for use, and maintained by a public body, institution, or private individual. ...

Publications

Range of the major publications by the National Language Authority include:

• General, scientific and technical dictionaries and Urdu Thesaurus
• Qaumi English-Urdu Dictionary (based on Webster's Dictionary)
• Dictionaries and works for Children

1888 advertisement for Websters Dictionary Websters Dictionary is the common title given to English language dictionaries in the United States, derived from American lexicographer Noah Webster. ...

Notes

Yangon (Burmese: , population 4,082,000 (2005 census), formerly Rangoon, and still known by that name in many circles, see below under History), is the largest city of Myanmar (formerly Burma) and its former capital. ... Islamabad (Urdu: اسلام آباد, abode of Islam), is the capital city of Pakistan, and is located in the Potohar Plateau in the northwest of the country. ...

Seel also

• Urdu literature
• Urdu keyboard

Urdu literature has a long and colorful history that is inextricably tied to the development of that very language, Urdu, in which it is written. ... Urdu keyboard refers to the keyboard layout on Urdu computer and typewriter keyboards. ...

External links

• Official website
• Urdu Wikipedia