The Museu Nacional main historical building

The National Museum of Brazil ("Museu Nacional" in Portuguese) is a centenarian museum and research institution, located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The Louvre Museum in Paris, one of the largest and most famous museums in the world. ... Research is often described as an active, diligent, and systematic process of inquiry aimed at discovering, interpreting, and revising facts. ... Location of Rio de Janeiro Coordinates: Country Brazil Region Southeast State Rio de Janeiro Mayor Cesar Maia (PFL) Area    - City 1,260 km² Population  - City 5,613,000 [1]  - Density 4,781/km²  - Metro 11,620,000 [2] Time zone UTC-3 (UTC-3) Website: www. ...

Museum History

The National Museum was established by the King of Portugal Dom João VI (1769–1826) in 1818 with the name of Royal Museum, in an initiative to stimulate scientific research in Brazil, which until then was an immense and wild colony, practically unexplored by science. Initially the Museum sheltered botanical and animal specimens, especially birds, what caused the old building where it was located in center of Rio de Janeiro, to be known by the population as the "House of the Birds". John VI (Portuguese João), the Clement (Port. ... 1818 (MDCCCXVIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar. ... This article is about a political topic. ... Part of a scientific laboratory at the University of Cologne. ... Botany is the scientific study of plant life. ... Phyla Subregnum Parazoa Porifera Subregnum Eumetazoa Placozoa Orthonectida Rhombozoa Radiata (unranked) Ctenophora Cnidaria Bilateria (unranked) Acoelomorpha Myxozoa Superphylum Deuterostomia Chordata Hemichordata Echinodermata Chaetognatha Xenoturbellida Superphylum Ecdysozoa Kinorhyncha Loricifera Priapulida Nematoda Nematomorpha Onychophora Tardigrada Arthropoda Superphylum Platyzoa Platyhelminthes Gastrotricha Rotifera Acanthocephala Gnathostomulida Micrognathozoa Cycliophora Superphylum Lophotrochozoa Sipuncula Nemertea Phoronida Ectoprocta Bryozoa... In biology, specimen is an individual animal or a plant or a microorganism that is used as a representative to study the properties of the whole population of that species. ... For other uses, see Bird (disambiguation). ...

After that, with the marriage of D. João VI's son and Brazil's first Emperor, Dom Pedro I (1798–1834) with Princess Leopoldina of Austria, the Museum started to attract the greatest European naturalists of the 19th century, such as Maximilian zu Wied-Neuwied (1782–1867), Johann Baptist von Spix (1781–1826) and Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius (1794–1868). Other European researchers who explored the country, such as Augustin Saint-Hilaire (1799–1853) and the Baron von Langsdorff (1774–1891), contributed for the collections of the Royal Museum. Pedro I, Emperor of Brazil, King of Portugal (pron. ... World map showing Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. ... Table of natural history, 1728 Cyclopaedia Natural history is an umbrella term for what are now usually viewed as several distinct scientific disciplines. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Prince Alexander Philipp Maximilian zu Wied-Neuwied (1782 - 1867) was a German explorer. ... Johann Baptist von Spix (February 9, 1781 - March 14, 1826) was a German naturalist. ... Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius (April 17, 1794–December 13, German botanist and explorer. ... Augustin François César Prouvençal de Saint-Hilaire (1799-1853), French botanist and traveller, was born at Orleans on October 4, 1799. ... Georg Heinrich von Langsdorff, Baron de Langsdorff (b. ...

The Museu Nacional at its first location on Campo de Sant'Anna, today's Praça da República, at the centre of Rio, ca. 1870

By the end the 19th century, reflecting the personal preferences of Emperor Dom Pedro II (1825–1891), the National Museum started to invest in the areas of the anthropology, paleontology and archaeology. The Emperor himself, who was an avid amateur scientist and enthusiastic supporter of all branches of science, contributed with several of the collections of the art of Ancient Egypt, botanical fossils, etc., which he acquired during many of his trips abroad. In this way, the National Museum was modernized and became the most important museum of Natural History and Human Sciences of South America. Image File history File links MuseuNacional1870. ... Image File history File links MuseuNacional1870. ... Emperor Pedro II in regalia, in the opening of the annual session of the Brazilian Imperial Parliament (General Assembly), 1873. ... Initiation rite of the Yao people of Malawi Anthropology (from the Greek word , man or person) consists of the study of humanity (see genus Homo). ... Paleontology or palaeontology (see Spelling differences) is the study of the history and development of life on Earth, including that of ancient plants and animals, based on the fossil record (evidence of their prehistoric existence as typically preserved in sedimentary rocks). ... Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from the Greek words αρχαίος = ancient and λόγος = word/speech/discourse) is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains and environmental data, including architecture, artifacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes. ... The physicist Albert Einstein is probably the most famous scientist of our time. ... Ancient Egyptian art refers to the style of painting, sculpture, crafts and architecture developed by the civilization in the lower Nile Valley from c. ... Pinguicula grandiflora Botany is the scientific study of plantlife. ... An ammonite fossil Eocene fossil fish of the genus Knightia Petrified wood fossil formed through permineralization. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ...

D. Pedro II was well aware of the shortage of true scientists and naturalists in Brazil. He fixed this problem by inviting foreign scientists to come to work at the Museu. The first to come was Ludwig Riedel (1761–1861), a German botanist who had participated in Baron von Langsdorff's famed expedition to Mato Grosso from 1826 to 1828. Other scientists to come were: German chemist Theodor Peckolt and American geologist and paleontologist Charles Frederick Hartt (1840-1878). In the following years the Museum gradually became known so it continued to attract several foreign scientists who wished to achieve scientific stature with their work in Brazil, such as Fritz Müller (1821–1897), Hermann von Ihering (1850–1930), Carl August Wilhelm Schwacke (1848–1894), Orville Adalbert Derby (1851–1915), Émil August Goeldi (1859–1917), Louis Couty (1854–1884) and others. Ludwig Riedel (b. ... Flag of Mato Grosso See other Brazilian States Capital Cuiabá Largest City Cuiabá Area 906,806. ... Theodor Peckolt (1822-1912) was a German-born naturalist, botanist, phytochemist and pharmacist who worked in Brazil from 1847 to 1912, analyzing the chemical and medicinal properties of Brazilian flora. ... Charles Frederick Hartt (23 August 1840 – 18 March 1878) was an Canadian-American geologist, paleontologist and naturalist who specialized in the geology of Brazil. ... Fritz Müller Johann Friedrich Theodor Müller (March 31, 1821–May 21, 1897) was a German biologist who emigrated to Brazil, where he studied the natural history of the Amazon Rainforest and was an early advocate of evolutionary theory. ... Hermann von Ihering Hermann von Ihering (1850 - 1930) was a German-Brazilian zoologist. ... Carl August Wilhelm Schwacke (b. ... Orville Adalbert Derby (b. ... Émil Goeldi Émil August Goeldi (var. ... Louis Couty Louis Couty (b. ...

The Emperor was still a very popular figure when he was deposed by a military coup in 1889, so the republicans tried to erase the symbols of the Empire. One of these symbols, the “Paço de São Cristóvão”, the official residence of the emperors, became vacant; therefore, in 1892, the National Museum, with all its collections, valuables and researchers, was transferred to this palace, where it stays until today. 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1946, the Museum’s management was passed to the University of Brazil, currently the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. The researchers and his offices and laboratories occupy a good part of the Paço and other buildings erected at Botanical Gardens (Horto Florestal), in the section of the city known as the Quinta da Boa Vista. There, one can find one of the largest scientific libraries of Rio. Currently, the National Museum offers graduate courses in the following areas: Anthropology and Sociology, Botany, Geology and Paleontology, and Zoology. Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Old campus of Universidade do Brasil Universidade do Brasil was created on September 7th, 1920, by President Epitácio Pessoa, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, the then capital district of the Federal Republic. ... The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (Portuguese: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ) is the largest federal university of Brazil, where state-owned colleges are the best and most qualified institutions. ... Initiation rite of the Yao people of Malawi Anthropology (from the Greek word , man or person) consists of the study of humanity (see genus Homo). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Sociological inquiry. ... Pinguicula grandiflora Botany is the scientific study of plantlife. ... World geologic provinces Oceanic crust  0-20 Ma  20-65 Ma  >65 Ma Geologic provinces  Shield  Platform  Orogen  Basin  Large igneous province  Extended crust Geology (from Greek γη- (ge-, the earth) and λογος (logos, word, reason))[1] is the science and study of the solid matter of a celestial body, its composition... Paleontology or palaeontology (see Spelling differences) is the study of the history and development of life on Earth, including that of ancient plants and animals, based on the fossil record (evidence of their prehistoric existence as typically preserved in sedimentary rocks). ... Zoology is the biological discipline which involves the study of non-human animals. ...

The Museum shelters one of the largest exhibits of the Americas, consisting of animals, insects, minerals, aboriginal collections of utensils, Egyptians mummies and South American archaeological artifacts, meteorites, fossils and many other findings. Orders Subclass Apterygota Symphypleona - globular springtails Subclass Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) Subclass Dicondylia Monura - extinct Thysanura (common bristletails) Subclass Pterygota Diaphanopteroidea - extinct Palaeodictyoptera - extinct Megasecoptera - extinct Archodonata - extinct Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) Infraclass Neoptera Blattodea (cockroaches) Mantodea (mantids) Isoptera (termites) Zoraptera Grylloblattodea Dermaptera (earwigs) Plecoptera (stoneflies) Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets... Minerals are natural compounds formed through geological processes. ... The term indigenous peoples has no universal, standard or fixed definition, but can be used about any ethnic group who inhabit the geographic region with which they have the earliest historical connection. ... A mummy is a corpse whose skin and dried flesh have been preserved by either intentional or accidental exposure to chemicals, extreme cold, very low humidity, or airlessness. ... Willamette Meteorite A meteorite is a natural object originating in outer space that survives an impact with the Earths surface without being destroyed. ...

Address

Quinta da Boa Vista

Rio de Janeiro 20940-040, Brazil

Phone (21)254 4320, Fax (21)568 8262 ext.232

Email for contact: museu@acd.ufrj.br

See also

• Science and technology in Brazil

Brazilian science and technology has achieved in the last decades a significant position in the international arena. ...

External links

• Museu Nacional website.
• The Museu Nacional and its European employees. Jens Andermann.
• The Museu Nacional at Rio de Janeiro. Jens Andermann.