National Revolutionary Army (NRA) 國民革命軍
Flag of the National Revolutionary Army
Active	1925 – 1947
Country	Republic of China
Allegiance	Kuomintang (KMT) Republic of China
Type	Army
Battles/wars	Northern Expedition Long March Second Sino-Japanese War Chinese Civil War
Commanders
Notable commanders	Chiang Kai-shek Zhang Xueliang Yan Xishan Feng Yuxiang Hu Kexian and many others

The National Revolutionary Army (NRA) (traditional Chinese: 國民革命軍; simplified Chinese: 国民革命军; pinyin: Guómín Gémìng Jūn, sometimes shortened to 國軍 or National Army) was the party army of the Kuomintang (KMT) from 1925 until 1947, as well as the national army of the Republic of China during the KMT's period of party rule beginning in 1928. Originally organized with Soviet aid as a means for the KMT to unify China against warlordism, the National Revolutionary Army fought major engagements in the Northern Expedition against the Chinese Beiyang Army warlords, in the Second Sino-Japanese War against the Imperial Japanese Army, and in the Chinese Civil War against the People's Liberation Army. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, the armed forces of the Communist Party of China were nominally incorporated into the National Revolutionary Army (while retaining separate commands), but broke away to form the People's Liberation Army shortly after the end of the war. With the promulgation of the Constitution of the Republic of China in 1947 and the formal end of the KMT party-state, the National Revolutionary Army was renamed the Military of the Republic of China (中華民國國軍), with the bulk of its forces forming the Republic of China Army. Image File history File links Republic_of_China_Army_Flag. ... Year 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... The Kuomintang of China (abbreviation KMT) [1], also often translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party, is a political party in the Republic of China (ROC), now on Taiwan, and is currently the largest political party in terms of seats in the Legislative Yuan, and the oldest political party in the... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Combatants Nationalist Party of China and allied warlords Communist Party of China Commanders Chiang Kai-shek various, eventually Mao Zedong Strength over 300,000 First Front Red Army: 86,000 (October 1934) 7,000 (October 1935) The Long March (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ) was a massive military retreat undertaken... Combatants China United States1 Soviet Union2 Japan Manchukuo3 Mengjiang3 Wang Jingwei Government 3 Commanders Chiang Kai-shek, Chen Cheng, Yan Xishan, Feng Yuxiang, Li Zongren, Xue Yue, Bai Chongxi, Peng Dehuai, Joseph Stilwell, Albert Wedemeyer, Claire Chennault, Aleksandr Vasilevsky Hirohito, Fumimaro Konoe, Hideki Tojo, Kotohito Kanin, Matsui Iwane, Hajime... Combatants Kuomintang of China Communist Party of China Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Mao Zedong Strength 4,300,000 (July 1946) 3,650,000 (June 1948) 1,490,000 (June 1949) 1,200,000 (July 1946) 2,800,000 (June 1948) 4,000,000 (June 1949) The Chinese Civil War (traditional... Chiang Kai-shek (October 31, 1887 – April 5, 1975) was the Chinese military and political leader who assumed the leadership of the Kuomintang (KMT) after the death of Sun Yat-sen in 1925. ... Zhang Xueliang Zhang Xueliang or Chang Hsüeh-liang (Traditional Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chang Hsüeh-liang; English occasionally: Peter Hsueh Liang Chang) (3 June 1901 (according to other accounts in 1898 or 1900) in Haicheng County, Fengtian province of China – 14 October 2001 in Hawaii, United States... Yen Hsi-shan (閻錫山; pinyin: Yán Xíshān) (1883 - 1960) was a Chinese politician who served in the Republic of China government. ... Feng Yü-hsiang (Traditional Chinese:馮玉祥, Simplified Chinese: 冯玉祥, pinyin: Féng Yùxíang; 1882-1948) was a warlord during the early years of the Republic of China. ... This is a Chinese name; the family name is Hu Hu Kexian (胡克先) was one of the generals of The National Revolutionary Army (NRA) army of China (ROC) during the Second Sino-Japanese warand The Chinese Civil war. ... Traditional Chinese characters refers to one of two standard sets of printed Chinese characters. ... Simplified Chinese character (Simplified Chinese: or ; traditional Chinese: or ; pinyin: or ) is one of two standard sets of Chinese characters of the contemporary Chinese written language. ... Pinyin, more formally called Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the most common variant of Standard Mandarin romanization system in use. ... The Kuomintang of China (abbreviation KMT) [1], also often translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party, is a political party in the Republic of China (ROC), now on Taiwan, and is currently the largest political party in terms of seats in the Legislative Yuan, and the oldest political party in the... Year 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... States in which the constitution mandates power to a sole party are colored brown. ... CCCP redirects here. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Warlord era represents the period in the history of the Republic of China from 1916 to the mid-1930s when the country was divided by various military cliques, and this division continued until the fall of the nationalist government in mainland China in many regions, such as in Sichuan... Combatants China United States1 Soviet Union2 Japan Manchukuo3 Mengjiang3 Wang Jingwei Government 3 Commanders Chiang Kai-shek, Chen Cheng, Yan Xishan, Feng Yuxiang, Li Zongren, Xue Yue, Bai Chongxi, Peng Dehuai, Joseph Stilwell, Albert Wedemeyer, Claire Chennault, Aleksandr Vasilevsky Hirohito, Fumimaro Konoe, Hideki Tojo, Kotohito Kanin, Matsui Iwane, Hajime... The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) (KyÅ«jitai: 大日本帝國陸軍, Shinjitai: , Romaji: Dai-Nippon Teikoku Rikugun), or more officially Army of the Greater Japanese Empire was the official ground based armed force of Imperial Japan from 1867 to 1945. ... Combatants Kuomintang of China Communist Party of China Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Mao Zedong Strength 4,300,000 (July 1946) 3,650,000 (June 1948) 1,490,000 (June 1949) 1,200,000 (July 1946) 2,800,000 (June 1948) 4,000,000 (June 1949) The Chinese Civil War (traditional... Peoples Liberation Army redirects here. ... The Communist Party of China (CPC) (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), also known as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the ruling political party of the Peoples Republic of China, a position guaranteed by the countrys constitution. ... The Constitution of the Republic of China (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; Tongyong Pinyin: JhongHuá MínGuó SiànFÇŽ) is currently the basic governing document for the areas controlled by the Republic of China (ROC) , namely all of Taiwan Province, Taipei and Kaohsiung municipalities, and Kinmen county and part of... The Republic of China (commonly known as Taiwan) maintains a large military establishment, which accounted for 16. ... The Republic of China Army (中華民國陸軍; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó LùjÅ«n) is the largest of the military branches of the Republic of China (Taiwan). ...

History

The NRA was founded by the Kuomintang in 1925 as the military force destined to unite China in the Northern Expedition. Organized with the help of the Comintern and guided under the doctrine of the Three Principles of the People, the distinction among party, state, and army was often blurred. A large number of the Army's officers passed through the Whampoa Military Academy, and the first commandant, Chiang Kai-shek, became commander-in-chief of the Army in 1925 before launching the successful Northern Expedition. Aside from Chiang Kai-shek himself, other prominent commanders in the National Revolutionary Army included Du Yuming and Chen Cheng. The Comintern (Russian: Коммунистический Интернационал, Kommunisticheskiy Internatsional – Communist International, also known as the Third International) was an international Communist organization founded in March 1919, in the midst of the war communism period (1918-1921), by Vladimir Lenin and the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik), which intended to fight by all available means, including... Sun Yat-sen, who developed the Three Principles of the People. ... The Chinese Military Academy emblem includes its motto, which was first proclaimed by Sun Yat-sen at the Whampoa Academys opening in 1924. ... Chiang Kai-shek (October 31, 1887 – April 5, 1975) was the Chinese military and political leader who assumed the leadership of the Kuomintang (KMT) after the death of Sun Yat-sen in 1925. ... Du Yuming (py) or Tu Yü-ming (wg) (杜聿明) (November 28, 1903-May 7, 1981) was a Kuomintang field commander active in the Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) theatre of World War II and in the Chinese civil war from 1945 to 1949. ... This is a Chinese name; the family name is Chen Chen Cheng (Traditional Chinese: 陳誠; Simplified Chinese: 陈诚; Hanyu Pinyin: Chén Chéng) (January 4, 1897 - March 5, 1965), Chinese political and military leader, was one of the main Kuomintang (KMT) commanders during the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese...

A female soldier of the National Revolutionary Army.

For a time, during the Second Sino-Japanese War, Communist forces fought as a nominal part of the National Revolutionary Army, forming the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army units, but this co-operation later fell apart. Throughout the Chinese Civil War, the National Revolutionary Army experienced problems with desertion, with many troops switching sides to fight for the Communists. After its defeat by the People's Liberation Army in 1949, it fled to Taiwan where it was later renamed the Republic of China Army, which exists to this day.
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Second Sino-Japanese War was a major invasion of eastern China by Japan preceding and during World War II. It ended with the surrender of Japan in 1945. ... The Eighth Route Army (八路軍 Pinyin: bālù-jūn) was one of the main military forces of the Communist Party of China, active during the Chinese Civil War and Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945). ... The New Fourth Army (新四軍 Pinyin: xin-si-jun) and the Eighth Route Army were the two main communist forces from 1938. ... The Republic of China Army (中華民國陸軍; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó LùjÅ«n) is the largest of the military branches of the Republic of China (Taiwan). ...

Organisation

The National Revolutionary Army soldiers marched into the British concessions in Hubei during the Northern Expedition.

The cavalry of the National Revolutionary Army.

The NRA throughout its lifespan recruited approximately 4,300,000 regulars, in 370 Standard Divisions (正式師), 46 New Divisions (新編師), 12 Cavalry Divisions (騎兵師), eight New Cavalry Divisions (新編騎兵師), 66 Temporary Divisions (暫編師), and 13 Reserve Divisions (預備師), for a grand total of 515 divisions. However, many divisions were formed from two or more other divisions, and not were active at the same time. Also, New Divisions were created to replace Standard Divisions lost early in the war and were issued the old division's number. Therefore the number of divisions in active service at any given time is much smaller than this. The average NRA division had 5,000–6,000 troops; an average army had 10,000–15,000 troops, the equivalent of a Japanese division. German-trained divisions were on par in terms of manpower with a western or Japanese division, having 10,000 troops. Image File history File links Countermand_concession. ... Image File history File links Countermand_concession. ... Hubei (Chinese: 湖北; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hu-pei; Postal System Pinyin: Hupeh) is a central province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 577 pixelsFull resolution (1056 × 762 pixels, file size: 40 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) NRA (or some warlords) cavalry. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 577 pixelsFull resolution (1056 × 762 pixels, file size: 40 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) NRA (or some warlords) cavalry. ... Symbol of the Polish 1st Legions Infantry Division in NATO code A division is a large military unit or formation usually consisting of around ten to twenty thousand soldiers. ... Preceding and during the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Republic of China government sought German assistance in modernizing its National Revolutionary Army. ...

The NRA only had small number of armoured vehicles and mechanised troops. At the beginning of the war in 1937 the armour were in three Armoured Battalions, equipped with tanks and armoured cars from various countries. After these battalions were mostly destroyed in the Battle of Shanghai and Battle of Nanjing new tanks, armoured cars and trucks from the Soviet Union made it possible to create the only mechanized division in the army, the 200th Division. This Division was eventually ceased to be a mechanized unit after the battles in Guangxi in 1939–1940, due to losses and mechanical breakdown of the vehicles. Late in the Burma Campaign the NRA Army there had an armoured battalion equipped with Sherman tanks. Combatants National Revolutionary Army, Republic of China Imperial Japanese Army, Empire of Japan Commanders Chiang Kai-shek, Chen Cheng Heisuke Yanagawa, Iwane Matsui, Hasegawa Kiyoshi Strength 600,000 troops in 75 divisions and 9 brigades, 200 airplanes 300,000 troops in 8 divisions and 6 brigades, 500 airplanes, 300 tanks... Combatants China, National Revolutionary Army Japan, Central China Theater Army Commanders Tang Shengzhi Matsui Iwane Strength 100,000 men 8 divisions Casualties ~50,000 military personnel, ~300,000 civilians minimal The Battle of Nanjing (Traditional Chinese: 南京保衛戰; Simplified Chinese: 南京保卫战; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Nan-ching Pao-wei Chan) began after the... The badge of the 200th Division The 200th Division (Traditional Chinese: 第200師; Simplified Chinese: 第200师; pinyin: ) was the first mechanised division in the National Revolutionary Army. ... Guangxi (Zhuang: Gvangjsih; old orthography: ; Simplified Chinese: 广西; Traditional Chinese: 廣西; Pinyin: GuÇŽngxÄ«; Wade-Giles: Kuang-hsi; Postal System Pinyin: Kwangsi), full name Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Zhuang: Gvangjsih Bouxcuengh Swcigih; old orthography: ; Simplified Chinese: 广西壮族自治区; Traditional Chinese: 廣西壯族自治區; Pinyin: GuÇŽngxÄ« Zhuàngzú ZìzhìqÅ«) is a Zhuang autonomous region of... Combatants United Kingdom British India Republic of China United States Empire of Japan Indian National Army Burma National Army Thailand Commanders Louis Mountbatten William Slim Chiang Kai-Shek Joseph Stilwell Aung San(From 1944) Masakazu Kawabe Hyotaro Kimura Renya Mutaguchi Subhash Chandra Bose Aung San(until 1944) Strength Unknown Unknown...

The unit organisation of the NRA is as follows: (Note that a unit is not necessarily subordinate to one immediately above it; several army regiments can be found under an army group, for example.)

National Military Council The command of the National Revolutionary Army, was directed by the National Military Council, chaired by Chiang Kai Shek during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II. It was organized beginning in January 17th, 1938, in the following way: Chairman - Chiang Kai Shek Military Councillors Chief of the...

• Military Region ×12(軍區)
  • Army Corps ×4(兵團)
    • Army Group ×40(集團軍)
      • Route Army Mobile force(路軍)
      • Army Regional force ×30(軍)
        • Corps Armed Force ×133(軍團)
          • Division (師)
            • Brigade (旅)
              • Regiment (團)
                • Battalion (營)
                  • Company (連)
                    • Platoon (排)
                      • Squad (班)

Commander-in-chief Military Regions (軍區), or War Areas, were military districts and the largest formations of the National Revolutionary Army, under the National Military Council, chaired by Chiang Kai Shek during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II. During the Second Sino-Japanese War the National Revolutionary Army eventually organized itself... The Army Corps, 兵團, was one of the largest military formations in the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China during the Second Sino-Japanese War. ... Flag of the National Revolutionary Army The Army Group (集團軍) was the largest conventional mobile formation in the organization of the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China during the Second Sino-Japanese War. ... A Route Army (路軍), was a type of military organization during the Chinese Republic, and usually exercised command over two or more Corps or a large number of Divisions or Independent Brigades. ... A NRA Army, 軍, was a type of military organization during the Chinese Republic, and usually exercised command over two Corps and often a number of Independent Divisions and Independent Brigades and some supporting units. ... A NRA Corps, 軍團, was a type of military organization during the Chinese Republic, and usually exercised command over two to three Divisions and often a number of Independent Brigades or Regiments and supporting units. ... The NRA Division, 師, was a military unit of the Chinese Republic. ... The NRA Brigade, 旅, was a military unit of the Chinese Republic. ... The NRA Regiment (團) was a military unit of the Chinese Republic. ... The NRA Battalion, 營, was a military unit of the Chinese Republic, usually composed of three to four companies. ... The NRA Company, 連, was a military unit of the Chinese Republic, usually composed of three sections or platoons Category: ... The Platoon, 排, in the National Revolutionary Army was a military unit of the Chinese Republic, composed of three Squads. ... For other uses, see Squad (disambiguation). ...

• Chiang Kai-shek 1925–1947

Chiang Kai-shek (October 31, 1887 – April 5, 1975) was the Chinese military and political leader who assumed the leadership of the Kuomintang (KMT) after the death of Sun Yat-sen in 1925. ...

Equipment

A group of NRA soldiers marching off while a P-40 Warhawk flies overhead

Chinese weapons were mainly produced in the Hanyang, Guangdong and Taiyuan Arsenals. However, for most of the German-trained divisions, the standard firearms were German-made 7.92 mm Gewehr 98 and Karabiner 98k. However for those Chinese regular division their standard rifle are type 88 (copy of Gewehr 88) and Chiang Kai-Shek rifle (copy of Mauser Standard Modell). The standard light machine gun was a local copy of the Czech 7.92 mm Brno ZB26. There were also Belgian and French light machine guns. Surprisingly, the NRA did not purchase any Maschinengewehr 34s from Germany, but did produce their own copies of them. On average in these divisions, there was one light machine gun set for each platoon. Heavy machine guns were mainly locally-made Type 24 water-cooled Maxim guns, derived from German blueprints. On average every battalion would get one heavy machine gun (about a third to half of what actual German divisions got during World War II). The standard sidearm was the 7.63 mm Mauser C96 semi-automatic pistol, or full-automatic Mauser M1932/M712 machine pistol. Image File history File links NRA_marching_and_aircraft. ... Image File history File links NRA_marching_and_aircraft. ... The Curtiss P-40 was an American fighter aircraft which first flew in 1938 and played a vital role in the crucial middle stages of World War II. Developed from the pre-war radial-engined P-36 Hawk, the P-40 became known as the Tomahawk, the Kittyhawk, and finally... Hanyang Arsenal (Traditional: 漢陽兵工廠; Simplified: 汉阳兵工厂; Hanyu Pinyin: ) was one of the largest and oldest modern arsenals in Chinese history. ... Taiyuan Arsenal was established by the Shanxi warlord, Yan Xishan. ... The 8mm Mauser cartridge next to a United States nickel. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... The Karabiner 98 Kurz (often abbreviated Kar98k or K98k) was a bolt-action rifle adopted as the standard infantry rifle in 1935 by the Wehrmacht,[3] and was one of the final developments in the long line of Mauser military rifles. ... The Type 88, sometimes known as Hanyang 88, was a Chinese rifle that was issued to the regular Nationalist Revolutionary Army during Second Sino-Japanese War. ... The Gewehr 88 was a German rifle adopted in 1888. ... The Type Zhongzheng rifle (中正式), also known as the Chiang Kai-shek Rifle and Type 24 (二四式) after the Chinese Generalissimo Chiang Kai-Shek, was a Chinese-made copy of the German Mauser Standard Modell, the forerunner of the Karabiner 98k. ... The M249 Squad Automatic Weapon, one of the most popular modern 5. ... The 8mm Mauser cartridge next to a United States nickel. ... The ZB vz. ... The Maschinengewehr 34, or MG 34, was a German machine gun that was first produced and accepted for service in 1934, and first issued to units in 1935. ... Platoon of the German Bundeswehr. ... The M2 machine gun with a tripod weighs 58 kg (128 lb). ... Watercooling is a method of heat removal from components. ... An early Maxim gun in operation with the Royal Navy 1895 . ... Symbol of the Austrian 14th Armoured Battalion in NATO military graphic symbols This article is about the military unit. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... A . ... The C96, or Broomhandle Mauser, was the first semi-automatic pistol to see widespread use. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... M2 machine gun An automatic firearm is a firearm that will continue to load and fire rounds of ammunition as long as the trigger (or equivalent) is activated or until it runs out of ammunition. ... A machine pistol shares several properties of the semi-automatic handgun and the sub-machine gun. ...

Some divisions were equipped with 37 mm PaK 35/36 anti-tank guns, and/or mortars from Oerlikon, Madsen, and Solothurn. Each infantry division had 6 French Brandt 81 mm mortars and 6 Solothurn 20 mm autocannons. Some independent brigades and artillery regiments were equipped with Bofors 72 mm L/14, or Krupp 72 mm L/29 mountain guns and there were 24 Rheinmetall 150 mm L/32 sFH 18 howitzers (bought in 1934) and 24 Krupp 150 mm L/30 sFH 18 howitzers (bought in 1936). German 3. ... Anti-tank, or simply AT, refers to any method of combating military armored fighting vehicles, notably tanks. ... US soldier loading a M224 60-mm mortar. ... Oerlikon has different meanings: Zürich Oerlikon: a quarter in the northern part of Zürich, Switzerland Oerlikon-Bührle: a company in Zürich, Switzerland that also owns Bally Shoes, Oerlikon Contraves, Pilatus Aircraft and Island Aircraft Oerlikon Contraves: a Swiss anti-aircraft artillery manufacturer founded in Zürich... Madsen may refer to: Michael Madsen - American actor Peter Madsen - Danish footballer Virginia Madsen - American actress Madsen (band) - German rock band The Madsen machine gun, an early light machine gun Madsen (Paul) - Electronic musician from the UK Category: ... The city of   (French: Soleure, Italian: Soletta) is the capital of the Canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. ... Johann Friedrich von Brandt (May 25, 1802 _ July 15, 1879) was a German naturalist. ... The city of   (French: Soleure, Italian: Soletta) is the capital of the Canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. ... M242 Bushmaster autocannon on an M2 Bradley. ... Bofors is an iron works, cannon maker, and defence industry located in Karlskoga, Sweden. ... For the U.S. town, see Krupp, Washington. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Rheinmetall AG is a German automotive and defense company with factories in Düsseldorf, Kassel and Unterlüß. It has a long tradition of making guns and artillery pieces. ... Preserved sFH 18 howitzer in the Museum of the Polish Army in Warsaw Preserved sFH 18 howitzer at CFB Borden The 15 cm sFH 18 gun was the basic German howitzer during the Second World War. ... 19th century 12 pounder (5 kg) mountain howitzer displayed by the National Park Service at Fort Laramie in Wyoming, USA A howitzer is a type of artillery piece that is characterized by a relatively short barrel and the use of comparatively small explosive charges to propel projectiles at trajectories with... For the U.S. town, see Krupp, Washington. ... Preserved sFH 18 howitzer in the Museum of the Polish Army in Warsaw Preserved sFH 18 howitzer at CFB Borden The 15 cm sFH 18 gun was the basic German howitzer during the Second World War. ... Loading a WW1 British 15 in (381 mm) howitzer 155 mm M198 Howitzer A howitzer or hauwitzer is a type of field artillery. ...

A Mauser bayonet, made in Hanyang in 1935.

Infantry uniforms were basically redesigned Zhongshan suits. Puttees were standard for soldiers and officers alike since the primary mode of movement for NRA troops was by foot. The helmets were the most distinguishing characteristic of these divisions. From the moment German M35 helmets (standard issue for the Wehrmacht until late in the European theatre) rolled off the production lines in 1935, and until 1936, the NRA imported 315,000 of these helmets, each with the 12-star emblem of the ROC on the sides. Other helmets include the Adrian helmet, Brodie helmet and later M1 helmet. Other equipment included cloth shoes for soldiers, leather shoes for officers and leather boots for high-ranking officers. Every soldier was issued ammunition, ammunition pouch or harness, a water flask, combat knives, food bag, and a gas mask.
Image File history File linksMetadata HY1935_bayonet. ... Image File history File linksMetadata HY1935_bayonet. ... Communist leaders wear the Mao suit. ... A puttee, also spelled puttie, is the name, adapted from the Hindi patti, bandage (Skr. ... German Stahlhelme from the Second World War Stahlhelm (plural, Stahlhelme) is German for steel helmet. The Imperial German Army began to replace the traditional leather Pickelhaube (spiked helmet) with the Stahlhelm during the First World War in 1916. ... The M26 Adrian helmet (French term: Casque Adrian) was a military helmet issued to the French Army during World War I. It was designed when millions of French troops were engaged in trench warfare and head wounds became a significant proportion of battlefield casualties. ... US Marine Corps M1917 Brodie pattern helmet The Brodie helmet (also called the shrapnel helmet or Tommy helmet and colloquially as a tin hat, and in the United States known as a doughboy helmet) was a steel helmet designed and patented in 1915 by John L. Brodie. ... This article or section includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Silver hip flask For the comic book character, see Hip Flask (comics) A hip flask is a thin flask for holding a distilled beverage; its size and shape are suited to a trouser pocket. ... Combat knives are mainly used in close combat. ... Belgian 1930s era L.702 model civilian mask. ...

See also

An NRA soldier with a gas mask and a Mauser M1932.

• German-trained divisions of the National Revolutionary Army
• Whampoa Military Academy
• Military of the Republic of China
• Warlord era
• Chiang Kai-shek
• Sino-German cooperation
• History of the Republic of China
• Military of the People's Republic of China

Image File history File links NRA_gas_mask_and_Mauser. ... Image File history File links NRA_gas_mask_and_Mauser. ... The C96, or Broomhandle Mauser, was the first semi-automatic pistol to see widespread use. ... The German trained divisions were divisions in the National Revolutionary Army trained under Sino-German cooperation. ... The Chinese Military Academy emblem includes its motto, which was first proclaimed by Sun Yat-sen at the Whampoa Academys opening in 1924. ... The Republic of China (commonly known as Taiwan) maintains a large military establishment, which accounted for 16. ... The Warlord era represents the period in the history of the Republic of China from 1916 to the mid-1930s when the country was divided by various military cliques, and this division continued until the fall of the nationalist government in mainland China in many regions, such as in Sichuan... Chiang Kai-shek (October 31, 1887 – April 5, 1975) was the Chinese military and political leader who assumed the leadership of the Kuomintang (KMT) after the death of Sun Yat-sen in 1925. ... Close Sino-German cooperation, dating back to the 1920s, was instrumental in modernising the industry and the armed forces of the Republic of China, especially in the period immediately preceding the Second Sino-Japanese War. ... ‹ The template below (History of China - BC) is being considered for deletion. ... Since the establishment of the Peoples Republic of China in 1949, the Military of the Peoples Republic of China has grown to include the active and reserve forces of the Peoples Liberation Army, the Peoples Liberation Army Navy, the Peoples Armed Police and the Militia...

External links

This article contains Chinese text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.

• ROC Ministry of National Defense Official Website
• The Armed Forces Museum of ROC
• Information and pictures of Nationalist Revolutionary Army weapons and equipment
• rare pictures of NRA heavy armory
• more pictures of NRA