Many nations have adopted a poet who is perceived to represent the identity, beliefs and principles of their culture. This person, whether officially or by popular acclaim, is often referred to as the national poet or national bard. Many are historical figures, whereas others are still writing today. Some nations have more than one national poet. One of the most influential doctrines in history is that all humans are divided into groups called nations. ... A poet exists within a cultural and intellectual tradition and usually writes in a specific language, but the qualities of good poetry are to some extent timeless and address issues common to all humanity. ...

There follows a list of nations. Note that this is not a list of sovereign states or countries, although many of the nations listed may also be states or countries. The words nation (cultural), country (geographical) and state (political) are not synonymous. Sovereignty is the exclusive right to exercise supreme political (legislative, judicial and/or executive) authority over a geographic region, group of people or oneself. ... A state is an organized political community, occupying a territory, and possessing internal and external sovereignty, which successfully claims the monopoly of the use of force. ... This article describes a type of political entity. ...

List of national poets

• Argentina - José Hernández
• Austria - Peter Rosegger
• Australia - Adam Lindsay Gordon
• Bangladesh - Kazi Nazrul Islam
• Canada - Parliamentary Poet Laureate - George Bowering 2004
• Alberta Canada Poet Laureate of Alberta
• Cuba - Nicolás Guillén
• England - Andrew Motion, Poet Laureate
• Finland - Johan Ludvig Runeberg
• Guernsey - George Métivier
• Hungary - Sándor Petőfi
• Italy - Giosuè Carducci
• India - Kuvempu
• Israel - Hayyim Nahman Bialik
• Jews - Yehuda Halevi
• Malta - Dun Karm Psaila
• Moldova - Mihai Eminescu
• Ossetia - Kosta Xetagurov
• Pakistan - Muhammad Iqbal
• Poland - the Three Bards: Zygmunt Krasiński, Adam Mickiewicz, Juliusz Słowacki
• Portugal - Luís de Camões
• Romania - Mihai Eminescu
• Russia - Alexander Pushkin, Mikhail Lermontov, Fyodor Tyutchev
• Scotland -
  • official appointment: Edwin Morgan, The Scots Makar
  • traditionally: Robert Burns
• South Africa -
• Turkey - Mehmet Akif Ersoy
• United States - Ted Kooser, Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress
• Vietnam - Nguyen Du
• Wales - it was announced in February 2005 that Wales is to have its own official national poet.

For the astronaut, see Jose Hernandez. ... Peter Rosegger (31 July 1843 - 26 June 1918) was an Austrian poet from the province of Styria. ... Adam Lindsay Gordon (October 19, 1833 - June 24, 1870) was an Australian poet, frequently known now as the national poet of Australia. Life Born in the Azores of an old Scottish family, his father was a retired army captain who later became professor of Oriental languages at Cheltenham College. ... Kazi Nazrul Islam (Bangla: কাজী নজরুল ইসলাম) (b. ... George Harry Bowering (born 1935) is a prolific Canadian novelist, poet, historian, and biographer. ... It has been designated the: International Year of Rice (by the United Nations) International Year to Commemorate the Struggle against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO) 2004 World Health Day topic was Road Safety (by World Health Organization) Year of the Monkey (by the Chinese calendar) See the world in... Motto: Fortis et Liber (Latin: Strong and free) Official languages English Capital Edmonton Largest city Calgary Lieutenant-Governor Norman Kwong Premier Ralph Klein (PC) Parliamentary representation  - House seat  - Senate seats 28 6 Area Total  â€¢ Land  â€¢ Water    (% of total)  Ranked 6th (provinces and territories) 661,848 km² 642,317 km² 19... Nicolás Guillén (10 July 1902 – 16 July 1989) was a Cuban poet. ... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my [birth]right) Englands location (dark green) within the British Isles Languages English (de facto) Capital London de facto Largest city London Area – Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population – Total (mid-2004) – Total (2001 Census) – Density Ranked... Professor Andrew Motion (born October 26, 1952) is an English poet, novelist and biographer who is the current Poet Laureate. ... A Poet Laureate is a poet officially appointed by a government and often expected to compose poems for state occasions and other government events. ... Johan Ludvig Runeberg (Portrait by Albert Edelfelt) J.L. Runebergs autograph Johan Ludvig Runeberg (February 5, Pietarsaari 1804 – May 6, 1877,Porvoo) was a Finland-Swedish poet, and is held to be the national poet of Finland. ... Sándor PetÅ‘fi (January 1, 1823, KiskÅ‘rös–most likely on July 31, 1849, in SighiÅŸoara) was a Hungarian national poet and a key figure in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, born as Alexander Petrovics. ... Giosuè Carducci (July 27, 1835 – near Lucca, February 16, 1907) was an Italian poet, one of Italys greatest, and a teacher. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Hayyim Nahman Bialik (January 9, 1873–July 4, 1934), also commonly written as Chaim or Haim Nachman Bialik and in the Hebrew language as חיים נחמן ביאליק, was a Jewish poet who wrote in Hebrew. ... Judah Ha-Levi, also Yehudah Halevi, or Judah ben Samuel Halevi (Hebrew רבי יהודה הלוי) (c. ... Dun Karm Psaila (October 18, 1871 - October 13, 1961) was a Maltese poet. ... Mihai Eminescu Mihai Eminescu (pronunciation in Romanian: ) a. ... Map of Ossetia Ossetia is a region in the northern Caucasus Mountains, inhabited by the Ossetians, an Iranian people who speak the Ossetic language, (an Iranian Language). ... Allama Dr Sir Muhammad Iqbal Allama Muhammad Iqbal (Urdu, Arabic: علامه محمد اقبال; November 9, 1877–April 21, 1938), was a Muslim philosopher, poet, Islamic scholar, politician, lawyer, and reformer who worked for the unity of Muslims, and was the spiritual father of Pakistan. ... The Three Bards (Polish trzej wieszcze) are the three national poets of Polish literature. ... Noble Family KrasiÅ„ski Coat of Arms Åšlepowron Parents Wincenty KrasiÅ„ski Maria Urszula RadziwiÅ‚Å‚. Consorts Eliza Branicka Children with Eliza Branicka Wladyslaw KrasiÅ„ski Zygmunt Jerzy Krasinski Maria Beatrix Krasinska Eliza Krasinska Date of Birth February 19, 1812 Place of Birth Paris Date of Death February 23, 1859 Place... A portrait of Adam Mickiewicz Adam Bernard Mickiewicz (December 24, 1798 – November 26, 1855) was one of the best-known Polish poets and writers, considered the greatest Polish poet besides Zygmunt KrasiÅ„ski and Juliusz SÅ‚owacki. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Luís de Camões Monument to Luís de Camões, Lisbon Luís Vaz de Camões (pron. ... Mihai Eminescu Mihai Eminescu (pronunciation in Romanian: ) a. ... Aleksandr Pushkin was a Russian poet and a founder of modern Russian literature Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin (Russian: Алекса́ндр Серге́евич Пу́шкин) (June 6 (May 26, O.S.), 1799 - February 10 (January 29, O.S.), 1837), Russian author, whom many consider the greatest Russian poet and the founder of modern Russian literature. ... Mikhail Lermontov in 1837 Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov (Михаил Юрьевич Лермонтов), (October 15, 1814–July 27, 1841), a Russian Romantic writer and poet, sometimes called the poet of the Caucasus, was the most important presence in the Russian poetry from Alexander Pushkins death until his own four years later, at the age... Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev (Russian: Федор Иванович Тютчев) (December 5 [O.S. November 23] 1803 - July 27 [O.S. July 15] 1873) is generally considered the last of three great Romantic poets of Russia, following Alexander Pushkin and Mikhail Lermontov. ... Motto: Nemo me impune lacessit (English: No one provokes me with impunity) Scotlands location within Europe Scotlands location within the United Kingdom Languages English, Gaelic, Scots Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow First Minister Jack McConnell Area - Total - % water Ranked 2nd UK 78,782 km² 1. ... Edwin Morgan (born April 27, 1920) is a Scottish poet and translator who is associated with the British Poetry Revival. ... A makar in Scottish literature is a poet or bard, often attached to the royal court. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: Robert Burns Robert Burns, preeminent Scottish poet Robert Burns (January 25, 1759 – July 21, 1796) was a pioneer of the Romantic movement and after his death became an important source of inspiration to the founders of both liberalism and socialism. ... Mehmet Akif Ersoy (1873 - 1936) was a Turkish poet. ... Ted Kooser (b. ... The Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress is appointed by the United States Librarian of Congress and earns a stipend of $35,000 a year. ... Nguyễn Du, 阮攸 (1766–1820), penname Tố Như and Thanh Hi n is a celebrated Vietnamese poet who wrote in Chữ N m, the ancient writing script of Vietnam. ... For an explanation of often confusing terms such as Great Britain, Britain, United Kingdom and England, see British Isles (terminology). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Sobriquets

The French language has a number of sobriquets to denote the origin of various literary languages. Many of these writers may be considered as the bard of their nation, even if they were primarily dramatists or prose writers. French (français, langue française) is one of the most important Romance languages, outnumbered in speakers only by Spanish and Portuguese. ... A sobriquet is a nickname or a fancy name, usually a familiar name given by others as distinct from a pseudonym assumed as a disguise. ... A bard is a poet or singer, in religious or feudal contexts. ... A dramatist is an author of dramatic compositions, usually plays. ...

• Dutch language: langue de Vondel
• English language: langue de Shakespeare
• Esperanto language: langue de Zamenhof
• French language: langue de Molière or langue de Voltaire
• German language: langue de Goethe
• Greek language: langue de Homère (Homer)
• Italian language: langue de Dante
• Latin language: langue de Cicéron (Cicero)
• Norman language: langue de Wace
• Portuguese language: langue de Camões
• Provençal language: langue de Mistral
• Russian language: langue de Tolstoï (Tolstoy)
• Spanish language: langue de Cervantès