NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Nationalist terrorism

Nationalist terrorism is a form of terrorism through which participants attempt to form an independent state against what they consider an occupying, imperial, or otherwise illegitimate state. "Nationalist terrorism" has also been used to describe groups attempting to create a state which upholds the rights of a group (national, ethnic, religious or other) that they consider oppressed or denied of basic rights granted to others in the state. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The term terrorism is controversial and has many definitions, none of which are universally accepted. ... One 1988 study by the US Army [1] found that over 100 definitions of the word terrorism have been used. ... There are eleven major multilateral international conventions related to states responsibilities for combating terrorism. ... Counter-terrorism refers to the practices, tactics, and strategies that governments, militaries, and other groups adopt in order to fight terrorism. ... A terrorist organisation is an organisation that engages in terrorist tactics, they are also (perhaps more neutrally) referred to as militant organisations. ... The following is a timeline of acts and failed attempts that can be considered terrorism. ... Religious terrorists use violence to further what they see as divinely commanded purposes. ... Left-wing terrorism may be defined as violence committed by groups or individuals on the political left in order to achieve a political goal through the creation of fear. ... Right-wing terrorism, or neo-Fascist terrorism, seeks to do away with liberal democratic governments and create fascist states in their place. ... State terrorism is a controversial term that is separate from the more common term state sponsored terrorism. ... Ethnically-motivated terrorism (also Ethnic terrorism or racial terrorism) involves frequent attacks on foreign-born immigrants and ethnic minorities, motivated by racism and xenophobic hatred. ... Narcoterrorism is a term coined by former President Belaunde Terry of Peru in 1983 when describing terrorist-type attacks against his nations anti-narcotics police. ... Domestic terrorism is a phrase used to describe some acts of political violence within a state that are carried out or commissioned by forces inside or originating from that state, as opposed to external attacks. ... The heyday of anarchist terrorism was from the 1870s to the 1920s. ... Political terrorism is a form of terrorism (a tactic of violence that targets civilians) used to influence socio-political events so that gains occur that might not have otherwise happened by peaceful means. ... The term eco-terrorism is a neologism which has been used to describe threats and acts of violence (both against people and against property), sabotage, vandalism, property damage and intimidation committed in the name of environmentalism. ... Aircraft hijacking (also known as Skyjacking) is the take-over of an aircraft, by a person or group, usually armed. ... Jack Ruby murdered the alleged assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald, in a very public manner. ... A car bomb is a bomb that is placed in a car or truck and is intended to be exploded while there. ... A suicide bombing is a bomb attack on people or property, committed by a person who believes the explosion will cause his or her own death in addition to the attacks primary purpose (see suicide, suicide weapons). ... Bioterrorism is terrorism using germ warfare, an intentional human release of a naturally_occurring or human_modified toxin or biological agent. ... Nuclear terrorism can be used to describe any of the following terrorist assaults: Use of nuclear weapons against a civilian target Use of a radiological weapon or dirty bomb against a civilian target An attack against a nuclear power plant Some believe that no such act has ever taken place. ... Cyber-terrorism is terrorism that uses cracking over computer networks and Internet-based attacks in the service of terrorism. ... A terrorist front organization is created to conceal activities or provide logistical or financial support to the illegal activities. ... An independent terrorist actor works outside a command structure, unaccountable to the claimed collective cause of a group. ... The term terrorism is controversial and has many definitions, none of which are universally accepted. ... A state is an organized political community occupying a definite territory, having an organized government, and possessing internal and external sovereignty. ... A cartoon portraying the British Empire as an octopus, reaching into foreign lands A cartoon showing the U.S. growing up and growing girth. ... A state is an organized political community occupying a definite territory, having an organized government, and possessing internal and external sovereignty. ...

As with the definition of terrorism, the characterization of "nationalist terrorism" is highly contentious. Both what constitutes an illegimate regime, and what types of violence and war are acceptable against one, are subjects of heated debate worldwide. Groups described by some as "nationalist terrorists" tend to consider themselves "freedom fighters," engaged in valid but asymmetric warfare. Violence is a general term to describe actions, usually deliberate, that cause or intend to cause injury to people or animals. ... An act of war - the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan during World War II War is a state of widespread conflict between states, organisations, or relatively large groups of people, which is characterised by the use of violent, physical force between combatants or upon civilians. ... ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

The following are nationalist groups, which in some circles have been deemed "terrorist":

Some nationalist groups' activities are viewed by others as Left-wing terrorism or Religious terrorism, or can be included in both categories. Examples include: The Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA) is a defunct militant organisation claiming to defend the rights of Armenians in Turkey. ... The Contras (short for contrarrevolucionarios, a Spanish term meaning counter-revolutionaries) were the armed opponents of Nicaraguas Sandinista Junta of National Reconstruction following the July 1979 overthrow of Anastasio Somoza Debayle and the ending of the Somoza familys 43-year rule. ... The Front de LibÃ©ration du QuÃ©bec (Quebec Liberation Front), commonly known as the FLQ, was a Nationalist terrorist group founded in the 1960s that was part of the Quebec sovereignty movement. ... The Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA; more commonly referred to as the IRA, the Provos, or by some of its supporters as the army or the Ra) is an Irish republican paramilitary organisation. ... The KLA insignia The Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA or UÃ‡K; Albanian: Ushtria Ã‡lirimtare e KosovÃ«s) was an Albanian guerrilla group which operated in Kosovo during the late 1990s and played an important part in the Kosovo War of 1999. ... Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) Flag Congress for Freedom and Democracy in Kurdistan (KADEK) Flag Kongra-gel Flag The Kurdistan Workers Party (Kurdish: Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan or PKK), is one of several organisations striving for the rights of the kurdish people in Turkey. ... ... National Liberation Front is a common name for guerrilla organisations fighting to free their country from foreign rule, or at least claiming to be such an organisation. ... â€¹The template below has been proposed for deletion. ... The Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades (كتائب شهداء الاقصى) are one of the militias of Palestinian leader Yasser Arafats al-Fatah faction. ... The Fatah official emblem shows two fists holding rifles and a hand grenade superimposed on a map of the land they claim as Palestine (roughly, present-day Israel, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip). ... The Sons of Liberty was an association of Patriots in the United States before the American Revolution. ... Left-wing terrorism may be defined as violence committed by groups or individuals on the political left in order to achieve a political goal through the creation of fear. ... Religious terrorists use violence to further what they see as divinely commanded purposes. ...

The Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (Al-Jabhah al-Dimuqratiyah Li-Tahrir Filastin) is a Marxist-Leninist organization, which was founded in 1969 when it split from the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP). ... The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) (Arabic الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين - al-Jabhah al-Shaabiyah li-Tahrīr Filasṭīn) is a secular, Marxist-Leninist, nationalist Palestinian organization, founded after the Six-Day War in 1967. ... For other meanings of ETA, see Eta. ... The Hamas emblem shows two crossed swords, the Dome of the Rock, and a map of the land they claim as Palestine (roughly, present-day Israel, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip). ... Islamic Jihad (Arabic: Harakat al-Jihad al-Islami) is a militant Islamist group based in the Syrian capital, Damascus. ... Irgun poster showing their view of the Land of Israel Irgun (××¨×’×•×Ÿ), shorthand for Irgun Tsvai Leumi (××¨×’×•×Ÿ ×¦×‘××™ ×œ××•×ž×™, also spelled Irgun Zvai Leumi), Hebrew for National Military Organization, was a terrorist Zionist group that operated in the British Mandate of Palestine from 1931 to 1948. ... Lehi refers to: Lehi, a prophet in the Book of Mormon Lehi, a city in Utah Lehi, a Zionist paramilitary group in Palestine/Israel Lehi, a location in southwest Palestine/Israel Lehi, a traditionally Mormon agricultural neighborhood in northern Mesa, Arizona This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which... The Fatah official emblem shows two fists holding rifles and a hand grenade superimposed on a map of the land they claim as Palestine (roughly, present-day Israel, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip). ...

Northern Ireland

The conflict in the northeast of Ireland (1968-97) is characterised by the competing nationalist claims of the two communities there. One, described as Catholic or "Nationalist", mainly descended from the native Irish inhabitants, identifies itself as Irish and want the six counties under British jurisdiction to leave the United kingdom and unite with the Republic of Ireland. Paramilitary groups with this Irish republican ideology include: Fianna Fáil - The Republican Party (Pronounced fee-na fall.) (English: Soldiers of Destiny) is the largest political party in the Republic of Ireland. ...

Irish Republican Army (IRA) (1916-present) ** The West Cork Flying Column during the War of Independence. ...

The other community, which is commonly identified as Protestant or Unionist is largely descended from Scottish and English settlers who arrived in Ulster in the Plantations of Ireland. This community, which forms a slight majority in Northern Ireland, regards itself as British and paramilitary groups from this community describe themselves as loyalists. They have often received assistance from the British security forces and are noted for their liking of "soft targets",ie Catholics with no political or paramilitary connections. The Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA; more commonly referred to as the IRA, the Provos, or by some of its supporters as the army or the Ra) is an Irish republican paramilitary organisation. ... The term Official IRA relates to one of the two elements of the Irish Republican Army - the other being the Provisional IRA - that emerged from the ideological split in the Irish Republican movement in 1969-70. ... Official Sinn FÃ©in (aka Sinn FÃ©in the Workers Party) evolved from the split in Sinn FÃ©in and the IRA that took place in 1970. ... Provisional Sinn FÃ©in evolved from the split in Sinn FÃ©in and the IRA that took place in the late 1960s. ... The Belfast Agreement (also known as the Good Friday Agreement and, more rarely, as the Stormont Agreement) was signed in Belfast on April 10, 1998 by the British and Irish Governments and endorsed by most Northern Ireland political parties. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... The Real Irish Republican Army, otherwise known as the Real IRA, is a terrorist organisation founded before the signing of the 1998 Good Friday (Belfast) Agreement by former members of the Provisional IRA who opposed the Provisional IRAs 1997 cease-fire and acquiescence in the accord in the aftermath... The Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) was formed on December 8, 1974, as the military wing of the Irish Republican Socialist Movement (a political wing, the Irish Republican Socialist Party (IRSP), was formed the same day) by Seamus Costello and other activists who had left or been forced out of... Marxism is the political practice and social theory based on the works of Karl Marx, a 19th century philosopher, economist, journalist, and revolutionary, along with Friedrich Engels. ... The term Official IRA relates to one of the two elements of the Irish Republican Army - the other being the Provisional IRA - that emerged from the ideological split in the Irish Republican movement in 1969-70. ... In the Irish context, Unionists form a group of largely (though not exclusively) Protestant people in Ireland, of all social classes, who wish to see the continuation of the Act of Union, as amended by the Government of Ireland Act 1920, under which the Northern Ireland provincial state created in... Scotland (Alba in Scottish Gaelic) is a country in northwest Europe and a constituent nation of the United Kingdom. ... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 kmÂ² Population - Total (2001) - Density Ranked 1st UK 49,138,831 377/kmÂ² Ethnicity... Ulster (Irish: CÃºige Uladh, IPA: ) is one of the four provinces of Ireland. ... Plantations in 16th and 17th century Ireland were the seizure of land owned by the native Irish and granting of it to colonists (planters) from Britain. ... For the township in Canada, see Loyalist, Ontario In general, a loyalist is an individual who is loyal to the powers that be. ...

Categories: Accuracy disputes | NPOV disputes | Terrorism The Ulster Defence Association (UDA) is a unionist paramilitary organisation in Northern Ireland, outlawed as a terrorist group in the UK and Republic of Ireland, which is perceived by its supporters as defending the unionist community from Irish nationalism. ... The Ulster Defence Association (UDA) is a Northern Irish Loyalist paramilitary organisation outlawed as a terrorist group in the UK and Republic of Ireland, which is perceived by its supporters as defending the unionist community from Irish nationalism. ... The RHD is an extremist terrorist group formed in 1998 and composed largely of Protestant hardliners from Loyalist groups observing a cease-fire. ... The Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) is a Northern Ireland loyalist paramilitary group. ... The Red Hand Commandos (originally known simply as the Red Hand Commando) are a Northern Ireland loyalist paramilitary group with links to the Ulster Volunteer Force. ... The Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF) is a unionist paramilitary grouping in Northern Ireland which broke away from the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and was led by the late Billy Wright. ... The Orange Volunteers (OV) are a break-away Loyalist paramilitary group in Northern Ireland. ...

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Northern Ireland