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By Michael F. Holt, Ph.D. In the nineteenth century, the term "nativism" referred to white, native-born, Protestant Americans' hostility to Europeanimmigrants.
But when immigration coincided with hard times, as it did in the late 1830s and early 1840s and especially in the mid-1850s, and/or with periods of political discontent, then the charges advanced against immigrants multiplied and nativist groups formed independent political parties.
They attracted working class and middle class voters angered by the job competition from immigrants, the increase in crime, public drunkenness, and pauperism that accompanied immigration, the supposed pollution of the body politic by ignorant immigrant voters, and an assertiveness by Catholic clergymen that supposedly threatened the nation's Protestant values and institutions.
Nativism's political relevance grew out of the increase of immigrants during the 20s and 30s and the anti-foreign writings that abounded during these decades.
While pivoting between anti-foreign and anti-catholic appeals, nativism became both practical and ideological in nature: platforms for the movement ranged from extending the length naturalization to protecting the sacredness of the Protestant Republic.
Clearly, early nineteenth-century nativism participated in significant political changes, and the goal of this paper is to summarize nativism between 1830 and 1845 while analyzing these major political developments.
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