Navahrudak, Novgorodok or Novogrudok (Belarusian: Навагрудак, IPA: [nava'ɣrudak]; Russian: Новогрудок) also known as Polish: Nowogródek an Lithuanian: Naugardukas) is a city in the Hrodna voblast, Belarus. Categories: Belarus-related stubs | Regions of Belarus ...

Early history

Ruins of Navahrudak Castle, by Napoleon Orda.

First mentioned in the Hypatian Codex under 1252 as Novogorodok (i.e. "new little town") the town was a major settlement in the remote western lands of the Krivichs that came under the control of the Kievan Rus at the end of the 10th century. Later hypothesis is disputed, as there are earliest archaeological findings from 11th century only.^[1] Image File history File links Nowogrodek. ... Image File history File links Nowogrodek. ... Napoleon Orda (February 11, 1807 -- April 26, 1883) was a Polish[1] musician, piano player, composer and artist. ... The Hypatian Codex (Hypatian Chronicle, Ipatiev Chronicle, Russian: ) is a compendium of three chronicles: Primary Chronicle, Kiev Chronicle, and Halych-Volhynian Chronicle. ... Kriwi  album cover The Krivichs (Кривичи́ in Russian, Крывічы́ in Belarusian or Krivichi), a tribe of Early East Slavs between the 6th and the 12th centuries, which inhabited the upper reaches of the Volga, Dnieper, Western Dvina, the southern part of the Lake Peipus and parts of the Neman basin. ... Kievan Rus′ (Ки́евская Ру́сь, Kievskaya Rus in Russian; Київська Русь, Kyivs’ka Rus’ in Ukrainian) was the early, mostly East Slavic¹ state dominated by the city of Kiev (ru: Ки́ев, Kiev; uk: Ки́їв, Kyiv), from about 880 to the middle of the 12th century. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 10th century was that century which lasted from 901 to 1000. ... For referencing in Wikipedia, see Wikipedia:Citing sources. ...

In the 13th century, the fragile unity of the Rus disintegrated due to nomadic incursions from Asia, which reached a climax with the Mongol Horde's sacking of Kiev (1240), leaving a geopolitical vacuum in the region, which was known as Black Ruthenia at the time. The Early East Slavs splintered along preexisting tribal lines into a number of independent and competing principalities. (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... For other uses, see Asia (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Mongols (disambiguation). ... Map of Ukraine with Kiev highlighted Coordinates: , Country Ukraine Oblast Kiev City Municipality Raion Municipality Government  - Mayor Leonid Chernovetskyi Elevation 179 m (587 ft) Population (2006)  - City 4,450,968  - Density 3,299/km² (8,544. ... Black Ruthenia (dark green, north-west). ... The East Slavs are the ethnic group that evolved into the Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian peoples. ...

Mindaugas of Lithuania made use of the plight to annex Navahrudak, which also became part of Kingdom of Lithuania ^{[2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]}, later Grand Duchy of Lithuania. During the 16th century, Maciej Stryjkowski was the first who, in his chronicle ^[9], proposed theory, that Navahrudak became the capital of the 13th century state. This statement is supported by several other scholars, while others dispute this notion, mainly because contemporary chronicles of the 13th century do not give any reference about Navahrudak as capital, even stating that city was transferred to the king of Halych-Volhynia ^[10]. Vaišvilkas, the son and successor of Mindaugas, took monastic vows in Lavrashev Monastery^[11]near Novgorodok and founded an Orthodox convent there.^[12] Mindaugas King of Lithuania Mindaugas monument in Vilnius Mindaugas (approximate English transcription [ˈmın. ... The Kingdom of Lithuania was the Lithuanian Monarchy, which existed in the 13th century, and was temporarily re-established in the 20th century. ... The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lithuanian: , Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje, Ruskaje, Å»amojckaje, Belarusian: , Ukrainian: , Polish: , Latin: ) was an Eastern and Central European state of the 12th[1] /13th century until the 18th century. ... Maciej Stryjkowski (also referred to as Strykowski and Strycovius; ca. ... For other uses, see Galich. ... Imaginative 16th-17th century portrait Monastery that was presumably founded by VaiÅ¡vilkas (painting by Napoleon Orda) VaiÅ¡elga or VaiÅ¡vilkas (also spelled as Vojszalak, VojÅ¡alk, VaiÅ¡algas[1], killed on December 9, 1268) was the Prince of Black Ruthenia (1255–1267), and the Grand Duke of Lithuania...

Later history

Navahrudak was a part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth following the Union of Lublin in 1569. In 1795 it was incorporated into Grodno Governorate of Imperial Russia due to the Partitions of Poland. In the First World War, it was under German occupation from 1915 to 1918, and was occupied by the Polish Army at first, later the Red Army, during the Polish-Bolshevik war. It was returned to Poland by the treaty of Riga, following which Navahrudak became the capital of Nowogródek voivodship. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The Union of Lublin, painted by Jan Matejko The Union of Lublin (Lithuanian: Liublino unija; Belarusian: Лю́блінская ву́нія; Polish: Unia lubelska) - signed on July 1, 1569 in Lublin, united the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into a single state, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, with the official... Grodno Governorate (Russian: ) was a governorate (guberniya) of the Russian Empire. ... Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start... The Partitions of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Polish: Rozbiór Polski or Rozbiory Polski; Lithuanian: Lietuvos-Lenkijos padalijimai, Belarusian: Падзелы Рэчы Паспалітай) took place in the 18th century and ended the existence of the sovereign Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Polish Army (Polish Wojsko Polskie) is the name applied to the military forces of Poland. ... For other organizations known as the Red Army, see Red Army (disambiguation). ... Polish-Bolshevik War Conflict Polish-Bolshevik War Date 1919–1921 Place Central and Eastern Europe Result Polish victory The Polish-Soviet War (also known as the Polish-Bolshevik War or the Polish-Russian War) was the war (February 1919 – March 1921) that determined the borders between the Russian Soviet Federated... The Peace of Riga (also known as the Treaty of Riga, Polish: Traktat Ryski) signed on 18th March 1921 between Poland and Soviet Russia ended the Polish-Bolshevik War. ... Nowogródek Voivodship (Polish województwo nowogródzkie) was an unit of administrative division of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Poland between 15th century and 1795 and then between 1919 and 1939, with the capital in the town of Nowogródek. ...

Ruins of Navahrudak Castle. Current state.

Soviet troops entered the city in September 1939 and it was annexed into the Byelorussian SSR. In the administrative division of the new territories, the city briefly (2nd of November to 4th of December) was the centre of the Navahrudak Voblast. Afterwards the administrative centre moved to Baranavichy Voblast, the city became the centre of the Navahrudak Raion (15th of January 1940). On the 22nd of June 1941 Nazi Germany invaded the USSR and Navahrudak was occupied on the 4th of July following one of the more tragic events when the Red Army was surrounded in what's known as the Novogrudok Cauldron. During German occupation it became part of the Ostland. Partisan resistance immediately began, with most famous Bielski partisans made of Jewish volunteers operated in the region. The Red Army liberated the city almost exactly three years after its occupation on 8th July 1944. During the war more than 45 thousand people were killed in the city and in the surrounding area, and over 60% of housing was destroyed. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 160 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Navahrudak ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 160 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Navahrudak ... State motto: Belarusian: Пралетарыі ўсіх краін, яднайцеся! Translation: Workers of the world, unite! Capital Minsk Official language Belarusian, Russian Established In the USSR:  - Since  - Until January 1, 1919 December 30, 1922 August 25, 1991 Area  - Total  - Water (%) Ranked 6th in the USSR 207,600 km² negligible Population  - Total   - Density Ranked 5th in the USSR... Navahrudak Voblast or Novogrudak Oblast (Belarusian: , Russian: ) was a Voblast of the Byelorussian SSR following the annexation of West Belarus into the BSSR in 1939. ... Baranavichy Oblast (Belarusian: , Russian: ) was a territorial unit in the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic created after the annexation of West Belarus into the BSSR in November 1939. ... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... State motto (Russian): Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Transliterated: Proletarii vsekh stran, soedinyaytes!) (Translated: Workers of the world, unite!) Capital Moscow Official language None; Russian (de facto) Government Federation of Soviet republics Area  - Total  - % water 1st before collapse 22,402,200 km² Approx. ... Reichskommissariat Ostland was the German name for the Nazi civil administration of so called Eastern Territories of the Third Reich dring World War II, where Ostland (German for Eastern Territories) was the name given to the German occupied territories of the Baltic states, Belarus and Eastern Poland. ... It has been suggested that The Bielski Brothers be merged into this article or section. ... For other organizations known as the Red Army, see Red Army (disambiguation). ...

After the war, the BSSR retained the city, and rapid rebuilding process quickly restored most of the destroyed infrastructure. On 8th of July 1954, following the disestablishment of the Baranavichy Voblast, the rajon, along with Navahrudak became part of the Hrodna Voblast, in which it remains to this day, in modern Belarus. Categories: Belarus-related stubs | Regions of Belarus ...

Navahrudak was an important Jewish center. It was the birthplace of the Musar movement as well as the hometown of Yiddish lexicograph Alexander Harkavy. Alexander Harkavy (אַלעקסאַנדר האַרקאַווי Александр Гаркави Aleksandr Garkavi, May 5, 1863, born at Nowogrudok (נאַוואַרעדאָק), Minsk guberniya (governate), Russia (now Navahrudak, Hrodna, Belarus) - 1939, New York) was a Russian-born American writer, lexicographer and linguist. ...

Sights

The stone castle, so called Mindaugas' Castle, built in the 14th century is now in ruins; as it was burnt down by the Swedes in 1710. The Orthodox Cathedral of Sts. Boris and Gleb, started in 1519 in the Gothic style, was not completed until the 1630s; it was extensively repaired in the 19th century. Other architectural attractions include the Transfiguration Church (1712–23), where Adam Mickiewicz was baptised, and the Church of St. Michael, renovated in 1751 and 1831. Mindaugas King of Lithuania Mindaugas monument in Vilnius Mindaugas (approximate English transcription [ˈmın. ... This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ... Adam Mickiewicz. ...

Navahradak was an important shtetl and home to the Harkavy Jewish family, including Alexander Harkavy. Some of the Harkavy are buried at the old Jewish cemetery of Navahrudak. A house is shown where the poet Adam Mickiewicz was born; there are also his statue and the "Mound of Immortality", created in his honour by the Polish administration in 1924–31. A shtetl (Yiddish: , diminutive form of Yiddish shtot שטאָט, town, pronounced very similarly to the South German diminutiveStädtle, little town) was typically a small town with a large Jewish population in pre-Holocaust Central and Eastern Europe. ... Alexander Harkavy, Yiddish lexicographer Abraham Harkavy, historian This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... Alexander Harkavy (אַלעקסאַנדר האַרקאַווי Александр Гаркави Aleksandr Garkavi, May 5, 1863, born at Nowogrudok (נאַוואַרעדאָק), Minsk guberniya (governate), Russia (now Navahrudak, Hrodna, Belarus) - 1939, New York) was a Russian-born American writer, lexicographer and linguist. ... Adam Mickiewicz. ...

Notes and references

Maciej Stryjkowski (also referred to as Strykowski and Strycovius; ca. ... Edvardas Gudavičius (born on September 6, 1929 in Kaunas) is one of the best known historians in modern Lithuania specializing in history of Grand Duchy of Lithuania. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Navahrudak

• www.novogrudok.org - Renaissance City
• City administration
• Photos on Radzima.org

Coordinates: 53°35′″N, 25°49′″E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...