Navajo
Total population
298,215 as of 2000 census Image File history File links Navajo_flag. ...
Regions with significant populations
United States (New Mexico, Utah, Arizona)
Language(s)
English, Navajo
Religion(s)
Navajo Way, Christianity, Native American Church (NAC), other
Related ethnic groups
other Southern Athabascan peoples

Map of the Navajo Nation

The Navajo Nation (Diné in Navajo language) encompasses all things important to the Navajo. The land, kinship, language, religion and the right to govern themselves. The Navajo Homeland covers about 26,000 square miles (70,000 square kilometres, 17 million acres) of land, occupying all of northeastern Arizona, and extending into Utah and New Mexico, and is the largest land area assigned primarily to a Native American jurisdiction within the United States. Members of the nation are often known as Navajo (or Navaho) but traditionally call themselves Diné (sometimes spelled in English as Dineh) which means people. Capital Santa Fe Largest city Albuquerque Largest metro area Albuquerque metropolitan area Area  Ranked 5th  - Total 121,665 sq mi (315,194 km²)  - Width 342 miles (550 km)  - Length 370 miles (595 km)  - % water 0. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Official language(s) English Spoken language(s) English 74. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Reading Adahooniigii — The Navajo Language Monthly Navajo or Navaho (native name: Diné bizaad) is an Athabaskan language (of Na-Dené stock) spoken in the southwest United States by the Navajo people (Diné). It is geographically and linguistically one of the Southern Athabaskan languages (the majority of Athabaskan languages are spoken... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      Christianity is... Native American Church Native American Church, a religious denomination which practices Peyotism or Peyote religion, originated in the U.S. state of Oklahoma, and is the most widespread indigenous religion among Native Americans. ... Southern Athabaskan (also Apachean) is a subfamily of Athabaskan languages spoken primarily in the North American Southwest (including Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, Sonora) with two outliers in Oklahoma and Texas. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 729 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1900 × 1563 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 729 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1900 × 1563 pixel, file size: 1. ... Reading Adahooniigii — The Navajo Language Monthly Navajo or Navaho (native name: Diné bizaad) is an Athabaskan language (of Na-Dené stock) spoken in the southwest United States by the Navajo people (Diné). It is geographically and linguistically one of the Southern Athabaskan languages (the majority of Athabaskan languages are spoken... Official language(s) English Spoken language(s) English 74. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Capital Santa Fe Largest city Albuquerque Largest metro area Albuquerque metropolitan area Area  Ranked 5th  - Total 121,665 sq mi (315,194 km²)  - Width 342 miles (550 km)  - Length 370 miles (595 km)  - % water 0. ...

The 2000 census reported 298,215 Navajo people living throughout the United States, of which 173,987 were living within the Navajo Nation boundaries. 131,166 lived in Arizona and 17,512 of these lived in Maricopa County, which includes the city of Phoenix. Because the Navajo Nation encompasses land in three states, its Division of Economic Development extracts census data for the Navajo Nation as a whole, and sends a representative to the Census Board. Another group lives on the Colorado River Indian Tribes reservation along the Colorado River in California and Arizona. Image:1870 census Lindauer Weber 01. ... The Navajo (also Navaho) people of the southwestern United States call themselves the Diné (pronounced ), which roughly means the people. They speak the Navajo language, and many are members of the Navajo Nation, an independent government structure which manages the Navajo reservation in the Four Cs area of the United... Maricopa County is located in the central part of the U.S. state of Arizona. ... Nickname: Location in Maricopa County and the state of Arizona Coordinates: , Country State County Maricopa Incorporated February 25, 1881 Government  - Type Council-Manager  - Mayor Phil Gordon (D) Area  - City  515. ... The Colorado River Indian Reservation is 189 miles (304 km) west of Phoenix, Arizona on highway 95. ... This article is about Native Americans. ... Colorado River in the Grand Canyon from Desert View The Colorado River is a river in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, approximately 1,450 mi (2,333 km) long, draining a part of the arid regions on the western slope of the Rocky Mountains. ...

Geography

Canyon de Chelly

Navajo sandpainting

The Nation's boundaries are the Ute Mountain Ute Indian Reservation at the Four Corners Monument and stretch across the Colorado Plateau into Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico.Located within the Navajo Nation are Canyon de Chelly National Monument, Monument Valley, Rainbow Bridge National Monument, the Hopi Indian Reservation, and the Shiprock landmark. The seat of government is located at the census-designated city of Window Rock in Apache County, Arizona. There are several adjacent "Navajo Indian Reservations" (such as Alamocita) in this area, but generally function as sub-units of the "Big Rez" with considerable local autonomy). The Diné's traditional boundaries are the four sacred mountains, which actually include an area much larger than the present-day reservation. The eastern portion of the reservation, located in New Mexico is popularly called the "Checkerboard" because Navajo lands are mingled with fee lands (owned by both Navajo and non-Navajo people) and federal and state lands under various jurisdictions. Large non-contiguous sections of the Navajo Nation in New Mexico are: Ramah Navajo Indian Reservation in western Cibola County and southern McKinley County; Alamo Bend Navajo Indian Reservation in northwestern Socorro County; and Canoncito Indian Reservation in western Bernalillo County and eastern Cibola County. The total land area of the reservation is 62,362.062 km² (24,078.127 sq mi), making it by far the largest Indian reservation in the United States. It is almost exactly the same size as the state of West Virginia; it is slightly larger in land area, but slightly smaller if water area is included. Its resident population was 180,462 as of the 2000 census. Download high resolution version (1024x821, 126 KB) Canyon de Chilly - Navajo American Memory from the Library of Congress Cañon de Chelly - Navaho (The North American Indian; v. ... Download high resolution version (1024x821, 126 KB) Canyon de Chilly - Navajo American Memory from the Library of Congress Cañon de Chelly - Navaho (The North American Indian; v. ... Download high resolution version (1024x645, 135 KB) Navajo sandpainting American Memory from the Library of Congress Alhkidokihi - Navaho (The North American Indian; v. ... Download high resolution version (1024x645, 135 KB) Navajo sandpainting American Memory from the Library of Congress Alhkidokihi - Navaho (The North American Indian; v. ... The Ute Mountain Ute Indian Reservation is an Indian reservation in southwestern Colorado, northwestern New Mexico, and southeastern Utah, USA. It is the smallest of three reservations that are the homeland to the Ute Tribe of Native Americans. ... The marker at the exact Four Corners point. ... The Colorado Plateau, also called the Colorado Plateaus Province, is a physiographic region of the Intermontane Plateaus, roughly centered on the Four Corners region of the southwestern United States. ... Canyon de Chelly National Monument, established April 1, 1931 as a unit of the National Park Service, is located in northeastern Arizona, within the boundaries of the Navajo Nation. ... Monument Valley from the valley floor. ... Insert non-formatted text Rainbow Bridge Rainbow Bridge in Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, southern Utah, USA, is the often described as the worlds largest natural bridge. ... “Moki” redirects here. ... Shiprock Shiprock, or Shiprock Peak (Dine: Tsé Bit Aí, winged rock) is a rock formation rising nearly 1,800 feet (540 meters) above the high-desert plain on the Navajo reservation, near the northern New Mexico town of Shiprock. ... Window Rock (Navajo: Tségháhoodzání) is a census-designated place located in Apache County, Arizona, USA. As of the 2000 census, the CDP had a total population of 3,059. ... Apache County includes the Arizona section of the Four Corners Monument. ... The Ramah Navajo Indian Reservation is a non-contiguous section of the Navajo Nation lying in parts of west-central Cibola and southern McKinley Counties in New Mexico, USA, just east and southeast of the Zuni Indian Reservation. ... Cibola County is a county located in the state of New Mexico. ... McKinley County is a county located in the state of New Mexico. ... The Alamo Navajo Indian Reservation is a non-contiguous section of the Navajo Nation lying in northwestern Socorro County, New Mexico, USA, adjacent to the southeastern part of the Acoma Indian Reservation. ... Socorro County is a county located in the state of New Mexico, United States. ... The Canoncito Indian Reservation is a non-contiguous section of the Navajo Nation lying in parts of western Bernalillo, eastern Cibola, and southwestern Sandoval Counties in New Mexico, USA, west of the city of Albuquerque. ... Location in the state of New Mexico Formed Seat Albuquerque Area  - Total  - Water 3,027 km² (1,169 mi²) 7 km² (3 mi²) 0. ... Official language(s) English Capital Charleston Largest city Charleston Largest metro area Charleston metro area Area  Ranked 41st  - Total 24,244 sq mi (62,809 km²)  - Width 130 miles (210 km)  - Length 240 miles (385 km)  - % water 0. ... 2000 US Census logo The Twenty-Second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13. ...

Other Amerind tribes are located in this area, including several Pueblo nations: Congress established a Hopi (Navajo, Oozéí, or Ayahkinii "underground-house-people") reservation within the Navajo Nation's reservation at an historic homeland where Hopi history predates that of Diné in the area. Adjacent or nearly adjacent to the Navajo Reservation are the Southern Ute of Colorado, the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe of Colorado, Utah, and New Mexico, both to the north; the Jicarilla Apache to the east, and other tribes to the west and south. A conflict over shared lands emerged in the 1980s, when the Department of the Interior attempted to relocate Diné living in the Navajo/Hopi Joint Use Area. The conflict was resolved, or at least forestalled, by the award of a seventy-five-year lease to Diné who refused to leave the former shared lands. Native Americans redirects here. ... It has been suggested that Pueblo be merged into this article or section. ... Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political... “Moki” redirects here. ... The Southern Ute Indian Reservation lies in southwestern Colorado, USA, along the northern border of New Mexico. ... The Ute Mountain Ute Tribe is one of three federally-recognized tribes of the Ute Nation, mostly of the Weeminuche Band. ... Jicarilla Apache refers to an Apache people currently living in New Mexico and to the Southern Athabaskan language they speak. ... The United States Department of the Interior (DOI) is a Cabinet department of the United States government that manages and conserves most federally owned land. ...

Communities

Alamo is a census-designated place located in Socorro County, New Mexico. ... Aneth is a census-designated place located in San Juan County, Utah. ... Beclabito (Navajo Bitłʼááh Bitoʼ) is a census-designated place located in San Juan County, New Mexico. ... Bitter Springs is a census-designated place located in Coconino County, Arizona. ... Brimhall Nizhoni is a census-designated place located in McKinley County, New Mexico. ... Burnside is a census-designated place located in Apache County, Arizona. ... Cameron (Navajo Naʼníʼá Hayázhí) is a census-designated place located in Coconino County, Arizona. ... Chilchinbito (Navajo Tsiiłchin Biiʼ Tó) is a census-designated place located in Navajo County, Arizona. ... Chinle (Navajo Chʼínílį́) is a census-designated place located in Apache County, Arizona, United States. ... Church Rock is a census-designated place (CDP) in McKinley County, New Mexico, United States. ... Crownpoint (Navajo Tʼiistsʼóóz Ńdeeshgizh) is a census-designated place located in McKinley County, New Mexico. ... Crystal (Navajo Tóniłtsʼílí) is a census-designated place located in New Mexico. ... Dennehotso (Navajo Deinihootso) is a census-designated place located in Apache County, Arizona. ... Dilkon (Navajo Tsézhin Dilkǫǫh) is a census-designated place located in Navajo County, Arizona. ... Fort Defiance (Navajo: Tséhootsooí) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Apache County, Arizona, USA. The population was 4,061 at the 2000 census. ... Ganado (Navajo Lókʼaahnteel) is a census-designated place located in Apache County, Arizona. ... Greasewood (Navajo Díwózhii Biiʼ Tó) is a census-designated place located in Navajo County, Arizona. ... Halchita is a census-designated place located in San Juan County, Utah. ... Houck (Navajo Maʼiitoʼí) is a census-designated place located in Apache County, Arizona. ... Indian Wells (Navajo: ) is an unincorporated community in Navajo County, Arizona. ... Jeddito (Navajo Jádító) is a census-designated place located in Navajo County, Arizona. ... Kaibito (Navajo Kʼaiʼbiiʼtó) is a census-designated place located in Coconino County, Arizona. ... Kayenta (Navajo: Tó Dinéeshzhee) is a census-designated place which is part of the Navajo Nation and is located in Navajo County, Arizona, USA. As of the 2000 census, the CDP had a total population of 4,922. ... Lechee (Navajo Łichíiʼii) is a census-designated place located in Coconino County, Arizona. ... Leupp (Navajo Tsiizizii) is a census-designated place located in Coconino County, Arizona. ... Lukachukai (Navajo Lókʼaaʼchʼégai) is a census-designated place located in Apache County, Arizona. ... Many Farms (Navajo Dáʼákʼeh Halání) is a census-designated place located in Apache County, Arizona. ... Montezuma Creek is a census-designated place located in San Juan County, Utah. ... Monument Valley (Navajo Tsé Biiʼ Ndzisgaii) is a town located in San Juan County, Utah. ... Nakaibito (Navajo Naakaii Bitoʼ) is a census-designated place located in McKinley County, New Mexico. ... Naschitti (Navajo Nahashchʼidí) is a census-designated place located in San Juan County, New Mexico. ... Navajo (Navajo Niʼiijíhí) is a census-designated place located in McKinley County, New Mexico. ... Navajo Mountain is a census-designated place located in San Juan County, Utah. ... Nazlini (Navajo Názlíní) is a census-designated place located in Apache County, Arizona. ... Nenahnezad (Navajo Niinahnízaad) is a census-designated place located in San Juan County, New Mexico. ... Newcomb (Navajo Bis Deezʼáhí) is a census-designated place located in San Juan County, New Mexico. ... Ojo Amarillo is a census-designated place located in San Juan County, New Mexico. ... Oljato (Navajo Ooljééʼtó) is a town located in Navajo County, Arizona. ... Pinon (Navajo Beʼekʼid Baa Ahoodzání) is a census-designated place located in Navajo County, Arizona. ... Category: ... Pueblo Pintado (Navajo Kinteel Chʼínílíní) is a census-designated place located in McKinley County, New Mexico. ... Red Mesa is a census-designated place located in Apache County, Arizona. ... Rock Point (Navajo Tsé Łichííʼ Deezʼáhí) is a census-designated place located in Apache County, Arizona. ... Rough Rock (Navajo Tséchʼízhí) is a census-designated place located in Apache County, Arizona in the United States of America. ... Round Rock (Navajo Tsé Nikání) is a census-designated place located in Apache County, Arizona. ... Sanostee (Navajo Tséʼałnáoztʼiʼí) is a census-designated place located in San Juan County, New Mexico. ... Sawmill (Navajo Niʼiijííhasání) is a census-designated place located in Apache County, Arizona. ... Sheep Springs (Navajo Dibé Bitoʼ) is a census-designated place located in San Juan County, New Mexico. ... Shiprock (Navajo Naatʼáanii Nééz) is a census-designated place (population 8,156, according to the 2000 census) located in San Juan County, New Mexico on the Navajo reservation. ... Shonto (Navajo Shą́ą́ʼtóhí) is a census-designated place located in Navajo County, Arizona. ... St. ... Steamboat (Navajo Tóyééʼ) is a census-designated place located in Apache County, Arizona. ... Teec Nos Pos (Navajo Tʼiis Názbąs) is a census-designated place located in Apache County, Arizona. ... Tohatchi (Navajo Tó Haachʼiʼ) is a census-designated place located in McKinley County, New Mexico. ... Tonalea (Navajo Tó Nehelį́į́h) is a census-designated place located in Coconino County, Arizona. ... Tsaile (Navajo Tséhílį́) is a census-designated place located in Apache County, Arizona, within the Navajo Nation. ... Tse Bonito (Navajo Tsé Biniiʼ Tó) is a census-designated place located in McKinley County, New Mexico. ... Tselakai Dezza is a census-designated place located in San Juan County, Utah. ... Tuba City (Navajo: Tó Naneesdizí) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Coconino County, Arizona, USA. The population was 8,225 at the 2000 census. ... Twin Lakes (Navajo Tsénáhádzoh) is a census-designated place located in McKinley County, New Mexico. ... Upper Fruitland (Navajo Bááh Díílid) is a census-designated place located in San Juan County, New Mexico. ... Window Rock (Navajo: Tségháhoodzání) is a census-designated place located in Apache County, Arizona, USA. As of the 2000 census, the CDP had a total population of 3,059. ... Yah-ta-hey (Navajo Tʼáá Bííchʼį́įdii) is a census-designated place located in McKinley County, New Mexico. ...

History

Navajo hunters outside Sam Day's Trading Post in 1887

Prior to the Long Walk, traditional Navajo government was based upon regional communities and extended family leaders who worked together by consensus. (See Navajo people for more about Navajo traditions.) Europeans have tried to overlay their notions of government upon the Navajo for centuries. Image File history File links Navajo_hunters_outside_Sam_Days_Trading_Post_year_1887. ... Image File history File links Navajo_hunters_outside_Sam_Days_Trading_Post_year_1887. ... The Navajo (also Navaho) people of the southwestern United States call themselves the Diné (pronounced ), which roughly means the people. They speak the Navajo language, and many are members of the Navajo Nation, an independent government structure which manages the Navajo reservation in the Four Cs area of the United...

In 1863 and 1864, as the anglo settlers' demand for land grew, the United States government forced more than 8,500 Navajo men, women and children to march in harsh winter conditions for hundreds of miles to Bosque Redondo, New Mexico (Present-day Ft. Sumner) as part of President Andrew Jackson's Indian Removal Act. Some Navajos were able to escape and hide at Navajo Mountain. As the march went on, the Navajo were forced to leave their elderly and young children behind to die. Five months later, the Navajos arrived at Bosque Redondo. Many Navajos died at the wretched prison camp, due to poor living conditions. The Navajos were imprisoned for about six years, and released in May 1868. Bosque Redondo had been proved as a miserable failure, because of poor planning, disease, crop infestation and generally poor conditions for agriculture The Indian Removal Act, part of a U.S. government policy known as Indian Removal, was signed into law by President Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830. ... Fort Sumner was a military fort in south eastern New Mexico charged with the internment of nearby Navajo and Mescalero Apache populations from 1863-1868. ...

After the Long Walk, the United States Government's Indian Policy determined the administration of the reservation. Appointed federal individuals (Indian Agents) essentially ruled the reservation, sometimes relying on the counsel of traditional Navajo methods of government. The current tribal government was established and recognized by the federal government in 1923. The Long Walk refers to: The Long Walk of the Navajo It can also refer to: Long Walk to Freedom (book), an autobiographical book by Nelson Mandela The Long Walk:The True Story of a Trek to Freedom a book about a journey now proved to have been fictional by...

The Diné have refused three times to establish a new government under the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934. Members twice rejected constitutional initiatives offered by the federal government in Washington, first in 1935 and again in 1953. A reservation-based initiative in 1963 failed after members found the process to be too cumbersome and a potential threat to their self-determination. A constitution was drafted and adopted by the governing council but never ratified by the members. The earlier efforts were rejected primarily because members did not find enough freedom in the proposed forms of government to develop their livestock industries, in 1935, and their mineral resources, in 1953. The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, also known as the Wheeler-Howard Act or informally, the Indian New Deal, was a U.S. federal legislation which secured certain rights to Native Americans, including Alaska Natives. ...

In 2006 the Committee for a Navajo Constitution started to advocate for a Navajo constitutional convention. The committee was formed by Ivan Gamble and includes three former Navajo Presidents, Hon. Kelsey Begaye, Hon. Peterson Zah, and Hon. Peter MacDonald, and other noted individuals. The committee's goal is have representation from every chapter on Navajo Nation. The committee proposes that the convention be held in the traditional na'achid/ modern chapter house manner.

Tribal membership - Citizenship

Each tribe establishes its own requirements for being an enrolled tribal member, which is usually based on "blood quantum." The Navajo Nation requires a blood quantum of one-quarter for a person to be an enrolled tribal member and to receive a Certificate of Indian Blood (CIB). In comparison, some tribes require a 1/32 blood quantum for issuing a CIB. In 2004, the Navajo Tribal Council voted down a proposal to reduce the blood quantum to one-eighth, which would have effectively doubled the number of individuals qualified to be enrolled Navajo tribal members. Blood Quantum Laws is an umbrella term that describes legislation enacted to define membership in Native American groups. ...

Education

Education, and the retention of students in all school systems, is a significant priority. A major problem faced by the nation is a very high drop-out rate among high school students. Over 150 public, private and Bureau of Indian Affairs schools serve students from kindergarten through high school. Most schools receive funding from the Navajo Nation under the Johnson O’Malley program.

The Nation also runs a local Head Start, the only educational program operated by the Navajo Nation government. Post-secondary education and vocational training are available on and off the reservation.

Secondary Education

There are six types of secondary establishments, including:

Arizona Public Schools
New Mexico Public Schools
Utah Public Schools
Bureau of Indian Affairs Public Schools
Association of Navajo Controlled Schools
Navajo Preparatory School, Inc.
[1] Official language(s) English Spoken language(s) English 74. ... Capital Santa Fe Largest city Albuquerque Largest metro area Albuquerque metropolitan area Area  Ranked 5th  - Total 121,665 sq mi (315,194 km²)  - Width 342 miles (550 km)  - Length 370 miles (595 km)  - % water 0. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) is an agency of the federal government of the United States within the Department of the Interior charged with the administration and management of 55. ...

Navajo Preparatory School, Inc.

The only Navajo-sanctioned, college-preparatory school for Native Americans, Navajo Preparatory School recruits some of the best and brightest students of the Navajo Nation. Looking to the future, the school offers students a challenging, innovative curriculum in science, math, computers, and other traditional academic subjects. In harmony with the past, it steeps the youth in a deep appreciation of the Navajo Language, culture, and history. Armed with this impressive, balanced education, students graduate with the skills to succeed in college and an understanding of the world around them. Many will become leaders of their people and role models for future generations. Native Americans is a term which has several different common meanings and scope, according to regional use and context: Indigenous peoples of the Americas, natives of the American continents Native Americans in the United States, natives of the United States only; equivalent to American Indians in some contexts Native American... Reading Adahooniigii — The Navajo Language Monthly Navajo or Navaho (native name: Diné bizaad) is an Athabaskan language (of Na-Dené stock) spoken in the southwest United States by the Navajo people (Diné). It is geographically and linguistically one of the Southern Athabaskan languages (the majority of Athabaskan languages are spoken...

Located in Farmington, New Mexico, a few miles outside the Navajo reservation, Navajo Preparatory School's mission is: "To educate talented and motivated college-bound Navajo and other Native American youth who have the potential to succeed in higher education and become leaders in their respective communities. The school provides a rigorous academic program based on a strong foundation of Navajo Philosophy, supported by a residential environment that enhances individuality and independence. Farmington (Navajo: Tótah) is a city in San Juan County, New Mexico, United States. ... For other uses, see Navajo (disambiguation). ...

Diné College

The Navajo Nation operates Diné College, a two-year community college which has its main campus in Tsaile in Apache County, as well as seven other campuses on the reservation. Current enrollment is 1,830 students, of which 210 are degree-seeking transfer students for four-year institutions. The college includes the Center for Diné Studies, whose goal is to apply Navajo Sa'ah Naagháí Bik'eh Hózhóón principles to advance quality student learning through Nitsáhákees (thinking), Nahatá (planning), Iiná (living), and Sihasin (assurance) in study of the Diné language, history, and culture in preparation for further studies and employment in a multi-cultural and technological world. This is a copyrighted and/or trademarked logo. ... This is a copyrighted and/or trademarked logo. ... Diné College is a two-year, tribally controlled community college, serving the people of the 27,000 square-mile (about 70,000 sq-km) Navajo Nation, which spans the states of Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. ... A community college is a type of educational institution. ... Tsaile (Navajo Tséhílį́) is a census-designated place located in Apache County, Arizona, within the Navajo Nation. ... Apache County includes the Arizona section of the Four Corners Monument. ...

Navajo Nation Department of Diné Education

The Navajo Nation Board of Education is an 11 member board instructed to oversee the operations of schools on the Navajo Nation and exercise regulatory functions and duties over education programs on the Navajo Nation. It was established by the Navajo Nation education code, Title 10 which was enacted in July 2005 by Navajo Nation Council.

The board acts to promote the goals of the Navajo Sovereignty in Education Act of 2005 which include the establishment and management of a Navajo Nation Department of Diné Education, to confirm the commitment of the Navajo Nation to the education of the Navajo People, to repeal obsolete language and to update and reorganize the existing language of Titles 10 and 2 of the Navajo Nation Code.

It is the educational mission of the Navajo Nation to promote and foster lifelong learning for the Navajo people, and to protect the culture integrity and sovereignty of the Navajo Nation. A Navajo Nation Board of Education meeting is scheduled the first Friday of every month.

Through a ballot election process, the Board realigned their officers in 2006. The new officers are:
Jimmie C. Begay - President
Rebecca Benally - Vice President
Vee F. Brown - Secretary
Maijorie Dodge-Teacher representative. Rebecca Benally (born May 16, 1962) is an American Principal (school) for Montezuma Creek Elementary School, and the current Navajo Nation Board of Education Vice-President. ...

Other members include elected representatives from Eastern Navajo Agency, Dolly C. Begay: Western Agency, Dr. Dolly Manson; Ft. Defiance Agency, Katherine Arviso; and Shiprock Agency, Virgil Kirk, Jr. Presidential-appointed members are Juanita Benally-Navajo Culture Representative, .

Government

Diné government is unique in several ways. The Navajo Nation is divided into five Agencies. These are similar to counties and match the five Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) agencies which support the Nation. The smallest political units are the Chapters, similar to towns. The Navajo Nation Council presently consists of 88 delegates representing the 110 Chapters, elected every four years by registered Navajo voters. As reorganized in 1991, the Nation's government at the capital in Window Rock has a three branch system: Executive, Legislative, and Judicial. The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) is an agency of the federal government of the United States within the Department of the Interior charged with the administration and management of 55. ...

The United States still asserts plenary power to require the Navajo Nation to submit all proposed laws to the United States Secretary of the Interior for Secretarial Review, through the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Most conflicts and controversies between the federal government and the Nation are settled by negotiation and by political agreements. Laws of the Navajo Nation are currently codified in the Navajo Tribal Code. The Bureau of Indian Affairs maintains five Indian Agencies within the Navajo Indian Reservation: Chinle, Eastern, Western, Fort Defiance, and Shiprock. The Agencies provide various technical services under direction of the BIA's Navajo Area Office in Gallup, New Mexico. Derived from the Latin term plenus meaning full, plenary authority refers to the complete power of a governing body. ... The United States Secretary of the Interior is the head of the United States Department of the Interior, concerned with such matters as national parks and The Secretary is a member of the Presidents Cabinet. ... At the time of the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 (IRA), Native American tribes were expected to write constitutions loosely resembling the United States Constitution. ... Gallup (Navajo: Naʼnízhoozhí) is a city in McKinley County, New Mexico, United States. ...

Local and federal law enforcement agencies that routinely work within the Navajo Nation include the Navajo Division of Public Safety, with the Navajo Nation Police (formerly the "Navajo Tribal Police"), the BIA Police, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation Navajo Tribal Police is the law enforcement agency on the Navajo Nation. ... F.B.I. and FBI redirect here. ...

Navajos making a sandpainting

The Navajo governing council continues a historical practice of prohibiting alcohol sales within reservation boundaries. For some visitors of the area — often attracted by the Indian jewelry trade, by tourist attractions or by Interstate Highway 40 that passes through the area. Leaders and some member groups actively oppose the sale of alcohol, and have taken several measures to find and offer treatment for those members who are suffering from alcoholism. Navajos sandpainting American Memory from the Library of Congress Navajo sand painting / Mullarky Photo. ... Navajos sandpainting American Memory from the Library of Congress Navajo sand painting / Mullarky Photo. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Interstate Highways in the lower 48 states. ... Alcoholism is the consumption of, or preoccupation with, alcoholic beverages to the extent that this behavior interferes with the drinkers normal personal, family, social, or work life, and may lead to physical or mental harm. ...

There is no private land ownership within the Navajo Nation - all land is owned in common and administered by the Nation's government. Leases are made both to customary land users (for homesites, grazing, and other uses) and to organizations, including the BIA and other federal agencies, churches and other religious organizations, and businesses.

Navajo Nation President Joe Shirley, Jr. addressed the Navajo Nation Council in the annual State of the Navajo Nation Address on January 24, 2005 and presented his conviction to develop a new governing document for the Navajo Nation. President Shirley, who campaigned to return government to the Diné by government reform, stated that the document must establish the structure and authority of a central government. The Navajo Nation, being organized under a code, is subject to the Bureau of Indian Affairs unlike some other Indian nations that do not need BIA approval for most actions. Joe Shirley, Jr. ...

Political leadership

Office of President and Vice-President

• 2007-Present — Navajo Nation President — Joe Shirley Jr.
  • Navajo Nation Vice-President — Ben Shelly
• 2006-2002 — NN President — Joe Shirley Jr. (D)
  • NN Vice-President — Frank Dayish Jr. (R)
• 2002-1998 — NN President — Kelsey A. Begaye (D)
  • NN Vice-President — Dr. Taylor McKenzie (D)
• 1998-1998 — NN President — Milton Bluehouse Sr. (D)
• 1998-1994 — NN President — Albert Hale (D)
  • NN Vice-President — Thomas Atcitty (D)
• 1994-1991 — NN President — Peterson Zah (D)
  • NN Vice-President — Marshall Plummer
• 1991-1989 — NN Chairman — Leonard Haskie (Interim)
• 1988-1987 — NN Chairman — Peter Mcdonald (R)
  • NN Vice-Chairman — Johnny R. Thompson (D)
• 1987-1983 — NN Chairman — Peterson Zah (D)
  • NN Vice-Chairman — Edward T. Begaye (D)

Joe Shirley, Jr. ... Joe Shirley, Jr. ... Kelsey A. Begaye was elected the fifth president of the Navajo Nation, the largest Indian tribe in the United States, on a platform of moral values based on Dine cultural traditions and an endorsement from former Navajo President Peterson Zah. ... Taylor McKenzie (1931 - April 13, 2007) was the first Navajo medical doctor (since 1958), the Vice President of the Navajo Nation (1999 - 2003, under Kelsey Begaye), and the first Navajo Nation Chief Medical Officer (since 2006). ... Milton Bluehouse Sr. ... Albert Hale was elected the 2nd Navajo Nation President in late 1994 by the consent of the Navajo People. ... Thomas Atcitty was the third president of the Navajo Nation. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ...

2006 Elections

Eleven (11) candidates ran in the 2006 Primary Elections:

• Joe Shirley Jr. (Chinle)
• Frank Dayish Jr. (Shiprock)
• Ernest Harry Begay (Rock Point)
• Lynda Lovejoy (Crownpoint)
• James Henderson (Ganado)
• Calvin Tsosie (Yatahey)
• Wilbur Nelson (?)
• Harrison Todichinii (Shiprock)
• Vern Lee (Kirtland)

The Primary winners faced off in the General Elections in November 2006:

• Joe Shirley Jr. Chinle
• Lynda Lovejoy Crownpoint

Lynda Lovejoy is the first woman to ever make it to the General elections. She squared off with incumbent President Dr. Joe Shirley Jr. Three days after the primaries Lynda Lovejoy selected Walter Phelps Jr. of Leupp, Arizona as her running mate. The following day Dr. Shirley selected Councilman Bennie Shelly of Thoreau, New Mexico as his running mate. Both side of the campaign teams ran strong platforms winning the minds of the Navajo people Joe Shirley, Jr. ... Chinle (Navajo Chʼínílį́) is a census-designated place located in Apache County, Arizona, United States. ... Crownpoint (Navajo: Tʼiistsʼóóz Ńdeeshgizh) is a census-designated place (CDP) in McKinley County, New Mexico, United States. ...

21st Navajo Nation Council

The 21st Navajo Nation Council convene immediately after the inauguration of the 6th President of the Navajo Nation, the Honorable Joe Shirley Jr. was once again sworn in as President for a 2nd term, with Vice-President elect Councilmen Ben Shelly.

Two term Speaker of the Navajo Nation Council, the Honorable Lawrence T. Morgan ran for a 3rd term as Speaker of the Council, while running against Fort Defiance Council Delegate Harold Waneka in a run-off. Speaker Morgan captured a 3rd consecutive win, as Speaker of the 21st Navajo Nation Council.

Notable Council Delegates

*Kenneth Maryboy (Aneth, Utah/Red Mesa, Arizona/Red Mesa, Utah/Mexican Water, Arizona) Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Kenneth Maryboy (born May 13, 1961) is an American politician for San Juan County, Utah, and the current Navajo Nation Council Delegate for the Utah Navajo Section. ... Aneth is a census-designated place located in San Juan County, Utah. ... Red Mesa is a census-designated place located in Apache County, Arizona. ...

*Davis Filfred (Aneth, Utah/Red Mesa, Utah/Red Mesa, Arizona//Mexican Water, Arizona) Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Aneth is a census-designated place located in San Juan County, Utah. ... Red Mesa is a census-designated place located in Apache County, Arizona. ...

• Young Jeff Tom (Mariano Lake/Smith Lake)
• Lorenzo Bates {Upper Fruitland)
• Larry Anderson Sr. (Fort Defiance)
• Councilmen George Arthur (San Juan, Burnham, Nahenezad)
• Ray Berchman (St. Michael/Oaksprings)
• Ervin Keeswood (Tse Daakaan)
• Hope Mcdonald-Lonetree (Tuba City/Coalmine Canyon)
• Johnny Naize (Tselani/Cottonwood/Nazlini)
• Harold Waneka (Fort Defiance)

*Former Council Delegate Mark Maryboy(Aneth, Utah/Red Mesa, Arizona/Red Mesa, Utah/Mexican Water, Arizona) Smith Lake may refer to: Smith Lake, a lake in Carver County, Minnesota Smith Lake, a lake in Murray County, Minnesota This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... Fort Defiance (Navajo Tséhootsooí) is a census-designated place located in Apache County, Arizona. ... Guido Renis archangel Michael (in the Capuchin church of Sta. ... Fort Defiance (Navajo Tséhootsooí) is a census-designated place located in Apache County, Arizona. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Mark Maryboy (born December 10, 1955) was an American politician for San Juan County, Utah, and a former Navajo Nation Council Delegate for the Utah Navajo Section. ... Aneth is a census-designated place located in San Juan County, Utah. ... Red Mesa is a census-designated place located in Apache County, Arizona. ...

Past Speakers of the Navajo Nation Council

• Nelson Gorman Jr. (Chinle)
• Kelsey A Begaye (Kaibito)
• Edward T Begay (Churchrock)
• Lawrence T. Morgan (Pinedale/Iyanibito)

Chinle (Navajo Chʼínílį́) is a census-designated place located in Apache County, Arizona, United States. ... Kaibito (Navajo Kʼaiʼbiiʼtó) is a census-designated place located in Coconino County, Arizona. ... Lawrence T. Morgan is the current Speaker of the Navajo Nation. ... Category: ...

Government issues

Navajo flocks

Navajo weaver at loom

Navajo children

Download high resolution version (1024x849, 160 KB) Navajo flocks American Memory from the Library of Congress Navaho flocks (The North American Indian; v. ... Download high resolution version (1024x849, 160 KB) Navajo flocks American Memory from the Library of Congress Navaho flocks (The North American Indian; v. ... Download high resolution version (1024x819, 156 KB) Navajo weaver American Memory from the Library of Congress Blanket weaver - Navaho (The North American Indian; v. ... Download high resolution version (1024x819, 156 KB) Navajo weaver American Memory from the Library of Congress Blanket weaver - Navaho (The North American Indian; v. ... Navajo children American Memory from the Library of Congress Navajo children / C Pennington. ... Navajo children American Memory from the Library of Congress Navajo children / C Pennington. ...

Economy

The Navajo Nation economy includes traditional endeavors such as sheep and cattle herding, fiber production, weaving, jewelry making, and art trading. Newer industries that employ members include coal and uranium mining, though the uranium market slowed near the end of the 20th century. The Navajo Nation's extensive mineral resources are among the most valuable held by Native American nations within the United States. The Navajo government employs hundreds in civil service and administrative jobs. One important business within the reservation is the operation of arts and crafts shops, selling handmade crafts. Other Navajo members work at retail stores and other businesses within the Nation's reservation or in nearby towns. Until 2004, the Navajo Nation had declined to join other Native American (indigenous) nations within the United States who have opened casinos. That year, the nation signed a compact with the state of New Mexico to operate a casino at To'hajiilee, near Albuquerque. Navajo leaders also negotiated with Arizona state officials in talks that could lead to casinos near Flagstaff, Lake Powell, Winslow, Sanders (Nahata Dziil Chapter), and Cameron (Grand Canyon entrance). Shepherd with his sheep in FăgăraÅŸ Mountains, Romania. ... Shepherd with his sheep in FăgăraÅŸ Mountains, Romania. ... Textile art is the creation of textiles or creation with textiles. ... Tweed loom, Harris, 2004 Woven sheet Weaving is an ancient textile art and craft that involves placing two sets of threads or yarn called the warp and weft of the loom and turning them into cloth. ... Jewelry (the American spelling; spelled jewellery in Commonwealth English) consists of ornamental devices worn by persons, typically made with gems and precious metals. ... This article is about the philosophical concept of Art. ... Coal Coal (IPA: ) is a fossil fuel formed in swamp ecosystems where plant remains were saved by water and mud from oxidization and biodegradation. ... General Name, symbol, number uranium, U, 92 Chemical series actinides Group, period, block n/a, 7, f Appearance silvery gray metallic; corrodes to a spalling black oxide coat in air Standard atomic weight 238. ... The nuclear fuel cycle, also called nuclear fuel chain, is the progression of nuclear fuel through a series of differing stages. ... “Albuquerque” redirects here. ... Nickname: Location in Coconino County the state of Arizona Coordinates: , Country State County Coconino County Government  - Mayor Joseph C. Donaldson Area  - City  98. ... Lake Powell is a man-made reservoir on the Colorado River, straddling the border between Utah and Arizona. ...

The Black Mesa and Lake Powell railroad serves one of the coal mines in the Dine region, carrying coal to the Navajo Generating Station at Page, Arizona. Another mine in the area, Peabody Energy's Black Mesa coal mine near Kayenta, a controversial strip mine, was shut down on December 31, 2005 for its emission credits. This mine fed the Mojave Generating Station at Laughlin, NV, via a slurry pipeline that used water from the Black Mesa aquifer. The Black Mesa and Lake Powell (AAR reporting mark BLKM) is a private railroad owned by Salt River Project operating in Northern Arizona within the Navajo Nation. ... Navajo Generating Station is a coal-fired powerplant with a power of 2280 megawatts at Page, Arizona, USA. Navajo Generating Station has three 236 meter high chimneys, which are the tallest structures in Arizona. ... Page is a city located in Coconino County, Arizona near Glen Canyon Dam and Lake Powell. ... // Peabody Energy (NYSE: BTU), previously Peabody Coal Company, is the largest coal mining company in the world, mining 240 million tons of coal annually, providing 10% of US energy and 3% of world energy. ... Kayenta (Navajo: Tó Dinéeshzhee) is a census-designated place which is part of the Navajo Nation and is located in Navajo County, Arizona, USA. As of the 2000 census, the CDP had a total population of 4,922. ... History The Black Mesa plateau lies in the arid Four Corners region of the United States, overlapping the reservations of the Navajo and Hopi tribes. ... Strip mining is the practice of mining a seam of mineral ore by first removing all of the soil and rock that lies on top of it. ... is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Emissions trading (or cap and trade) is an administrative approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. ... Laughlin is a census-designated place located in Clark County, Nevada. ... Slurry pipelines are used to transport aggregate materials by embedding them in a fluid, usually water. ...

Housing and transportation

Currently, Navajo Housing Authority, the tribally designated housing entity for the Navajo Nation, has begun construction of new homes on the Navajo Nation with new materials which are more cost-effective and less prone to fire damage. Among the six agencies of the Navajo Nation, NHA housing developments exist. There is also the option for many families to build scattered-site homes on their traditional homesite lease.

"Hooghan," means the home for Navajos and it is the center of learning, and the traditional style of home of the Navajo is the hogan. Most modern housing in the Navajo Nation is detached single-family homes and mobile homes. Most homes in the Navajo Nation were built in the 1960s, 1970s, or 1980s, although older built homes do exist. Single-family homes are mostly rural-styled homes constructed of wood. Because many homes do not have access to natural gas and electricity, most homes use wood or propane for heat and cooking. many types of hogans any articles owned by family set in or by the house Navajo winter hogan A hogan or hoghan (pronounced IPA or , from Navajo hooghan, ) is the primary traditional home of the Navajo people. ... This article is about the fossil fuel. ... Electricity (from New Latin Ä“lectricus, amberlike) is a general term for a variety of phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of electric charge. ...

Due to the reservation's remote geographic location, many structures do not have telephone or public utility services and lack complete kitchen or plumbing facilities. However, infrastructure development has grown significantly through the years, affording Navajo families the modern conveniences of DSL, satellite television and even wireless access in some communities. The government subsidized phone program has brought even the most remote locations of the reservation in contact with the rest of the Navajo Nation.

Roads within the reservation vary in condition. Most federally operated U.S. highways are in excellent condition year-round and are suitable for vehicles of any size. Roads are generally unpaved in many rural areas and small villages. In the central parts of the Navajo Nation, near the Black Mesa (Arizona), roads are often only poorly maintained, and are sometimes in nearly unusable condition after very heavy rains. In general, except for the most remote regions, road conditions in the Navajo Nation are usually acceptable for routine use.

Health

Several types of cancer are in evidence at rates higher than the national average on the Four Corners Navajo Reservation. (Raloff, 2004) Especially high are the rates of reproductive-organ cancers in teenage Navajo girls, averaging seventeen times higher than the average of girls in the United States. Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these to spread, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion, or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis (where cancer cells are transported through the bloodstream or lymphatic system). ... Genitalia masculina externa A sex organ, or primary sexual characteristic, as narrowly defined, is any of those anatomical parts of the body which are involved in sexual reproduction and constitute the reproductive system in a complex organism; namely: Male: testicles, penis, prepuce, scrotum, prostate, seminal vesicles, epididymis, Cowpers glands...

Navajo woman & child

It has been suspected that uranium mines, both active and abandoned, have released dust into the surrounding air and the water supply. Studies done on mice, exposing them to a soluble form of uranium similar to what might enter groundwater from the mines, showed heavy increases in estrogen levels which might explain the increased cancer levels among Navajo girls. The amount of uranium given to the mice was half the level permitted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, and one-tenth the level found in some wells on the Navajo reservation. Download high resolution version (443x640, 43 KB) Navajo woman & child American Memory from the Library of Congress Navajo CREATED/PUBLISHED [between 1880 and 1910]. SUMMARY Studio portrait of a Native American (Navajo) woman with a child in a cradleboard on her back. ... Download high resolution version (443x640, 43 KB) Navajo woman & child American Memory from the Library of Congress Navajo CREATED/PUBLISHED [between 1880 and 1910]. SUMMARY Studio portrait of a Native American (Navajo) woman with a child in a cradleboard on her back. ... Estriol. ... EPA redirects here. ...

Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem among the Navajo, Hopi and Pima tribes, about four times higher than the age-standardized U.S. estimate. Medical researchers believe increased consumption of carbohydrates, coupled with genetic factors, play significant roles in the emergence of this chronic disease. For the disease characterized by excretion of large amounts of very dilute urine, see diabetes insipidus. ... “Moki” redirects here. ... The Akimel Oodham or Pima are a group of Native Americans living in an area consisting of what is now central and southern Arizona (USA) and Sonora (Mexico). ...

Notable Navajo Artists/Actors/Soloists/Writers

• R. Carlos Nakai, Native American flutist
• William Morgan, Sr., linguist, author of Navajo dictionaries
• Jay Tavare, actor
• Malachi Thistle, singer
• Kaibah Bennett, Navajo Nation Soloist
• Dan Jim Nez, Navajo Soloist
• Navajo Nation Swingers, Navajo Song N' Dance Group
• Blackfire, Navajo punk rock group
• Klee Benally, documentary film maker [2]

R. Carlos Nakai is a Native American Flutist. ... Jay Tavare is an actor of Native American/Latino descent. ... Blackfire is a Navajo (Diné) traditionally-influenced, high-energy, politically-driven group comprised of two brothers and their sister. ...

Notable Navajo Politicians

• Peter Macdonald Sr., Former Navajo Tribal Chairman
• Annie Dodge Wauneka, Former Navajo Tribal Councilwoman
• Edward T. Begaye, Fmr. Navajo Nation Speaker (Churchrock/Baahali)
• Annie Deschiney, Fmr. Navajo Nation Councilwoman (Churchrock/Baahaali)
• Ernest Nez Sr., Fmr. Navajo Nation Council Delegate (St. Micheal)
• Albert Ross Sr., Fmr. Navajo Nation Council Delegate (St. Micheal)
• chase mueller, Pinedale Chapter President

Annie Dodge Wauneka (1910 - 1997) was an influential member of the Navajo Tribe of Native Americans. ... Category: ... Pinedale is the county seat of Sublette County, Wyoming. ...

Notable Navajo People

• Jacoby Ellsbury, Boston Red Sox Out fielder

Jacoby McCabe Ellsbury (born September 11, 1983, in Madras, Oregon) is a Major League Baseball player who is currently the top rated prospect in the Boston Red Sox organization[1] and rated as the # 33 prospect for 2007 by Baseball America. ...

See also

• Long Walk of the Navajo
• Black Mesa, Arizona
• Code talker
• Dinetah
• KTNN Radio
• Manuelito
• Navajo language
• Navajo music
• Navajo people
• Navajo Sandstone
• Navajo Rug
• Southern Athabaskan languages
• Supreme Court of the Navajo Nation

The Long Walk The Long Walk of the Navajo, also called the Long Walk to Bosque Redondo, was a 20 day or more foot walk many Navajos made in 1864 to a reservation in southeastern New Mexico. ... Black Mesa is an upland area in Navajo County, Arizona. ... Codetalkers redirects here. ... Dinetah, or Dinétah, is the traditional homeland of the Navajo tribe of Native Americans. ... KTNN is a Navajo Language AM radio station, broadcasting from Window Rock, Arizona, the seat of the government of the Navajo Nation. ... Manuelito, Navajo chief Manuelito (1818-1893) was one of the principle war chiefs of the Navajo people before, during and after the Long Walk Period. ... Reading Adahooniigii — The Navajo Language Monthly Navajo or Navaho (native name: Diné bizaad) is an Athabaskan language (of Na-Dené stock) spoken in the southwest United States by the Navajo people (Diné). It is geographically and linguistically one of the Southern Athabaskan languages (the majority of Athabaskan languages are spoken... Navajo music is the music of the Navajo people and nation, currently in Arizona, Utah and New Mexico. ... The Navajo (also Navaho) people of the southwestern United States call themselves the Diné (pronounced ), which roughly means the people. They speak the Navajo language, and many are members of the Navajo Nation, an independent government structure which manages the Navajo reservation in the Four Cs area of the United... This article belongs in one or more categories. ... Navajo Rugs and Blankets, are textiles produced by Navajo people(or Dine) of the Four Corners area of the United States. ... Southern Athabaskan (also Apachean) refers to members of the Athabaskan language family (including Navajo) spoken in the Northern American Southwest. ... Supreme Court of the Navajo Nation has been concieved as the apex judicial court of the Navajo Nation. ...

References

• Bailey, L. R. (1964). The long walk: A history of the Navaho Wars, 1846-1868.
• Bighorse, Tiana. (1990). Bighorse the Warrior. Ed. Noel Bennett, Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
• Downs, James F. (1972). The Navajo. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
• Forbes, Jack D. (1960). Apache, Navajo and Spaniard. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. LCCN 60-13480. 
• Gilpin, Laura. (1968). The Enduring Navaho. Austin: University of Texas Press.
• Hillerman, Tony: author of a series of fictional detective novels set on and near the Navajo reservation.
• Iverson, Peter. (2002). Diné: A history of the Navahos. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 0-8263-2714-1
• Kluckhohn, Clyde; & Leighton, Dorothea. (1946). The Navaho. Cambridge: Oxford University Press.
• Loewen, James. W. (1999 ). Lies Across America. Pages 100-101; The New Press.
• McNitt, Frank. (1972). Navajo wars. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
• Raloff, Janet (2004). "Uranium, the newest 'hormone'". Science News 166 (20): 318. [3]
• Compiled (1973). in Roessel, Ruth: Navajo Stories of the Long Walk Period. Tsaile, Arizona: Navajo Community College Press. ISBN 0-912586-16-8. 
• Compiled (1974). in Roessel, Ruth: Navajo Livestock Reduction: A National Disgrace. Tsaile, Arizona: Navajo Community College Press. ISBN 0-912586-18-4. 
• Tapahonso, Luci. (1987) A Breeze Swept Through. Albuquerque: West End Press.
• ------. (1993) Sáanii Dahataal: The Women are Singing. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
• ------. (1997) Blue Horses Rush In. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
• Terrell, J. U. (1970). The Navajos.
• Thompson, Gerald (1976). The Army and the Navajo: The Bosque Redondo Reservation Experiment 1863-1868. Tucson, Arizona: The University of Arizona Press. ISBN 0816504954. 
• Underhill, Ruth M. (1956). The Navahos. Norman: The University of Oklahoma Press.
• Navajo Nation Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land, Arizona/New Mexico/Utah United States Census Bureau
• Witherspoon, Gary. (1977). Language and Art in the Navajo Universe. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

The University of Arizona Press is a publishing house and a department of the University of Arizona in Tucson, Arizona that engages in academic publishing. ... The University of Texas Press is a university press that is part of the University of Texas at Austin. ... Tony Hillerman (born May 27, 1925) is an award-winning American author of detective novels and non-fiction works. ... The University of New Mexico Press, founded in 1929, is a university press that is part of the University of New Mexico. ... The University of Oklahoma Press is a university press that is part of the University of Oklahoma. ... Gary J. Witherspoon is Professor of American Indian studies at the University of Washington. ... The University of Michigan Press is a publisher and part of the University of Michigan. ...

External links

• Map of the Navajo Nation
• Map in the Navajo Language
• Official Navajo Housing Authority website
• Official Navajo Nation Newspaper
• Official Navajo Nation Website
• The Navaho (from History of Arizona)
• The Navaho, continued (from History of Arizona)
• The Navajo Institute for Social Justice
• The Navajo Nation Museum
• The Navajo Nation Tourism Department
• Non-Profit Navajo Arts & Crafts Enterprise