A neutral atom contains an equal number of Zprotons in the nucleus and Zelectrons in the electron shell. The electrons' negative charges thus exactly cancel the protons' positive charges. In the simple view of the independent-electron model, a passing electron is therefore not attracted to a neutral atom and cannot bind to it. In reality, however, the atomic electrons form a cloud into which the additional electron penetrates, thus being exposed to a net positive charge part of the time. Furthermore, the additional charge displaces the original electrons and all of the Z + 1 electrons rearrange into a new configuration. Properties For alternative meanings see atom (disambiguation). ... For alternative meanings see proton (disambiguation). ... Plural: nuclei In chemistry and physics, the nucleus (atomic nucleus) is the collection of protons and neutrons in the center of an atom that carries the bulk of the atoms mass and positive charge. ... Properties The electron (also called negatron, commonly represented as e−) is a subatomic particle. ... An energy level is a quantified stable energy, which a physical system can have; the term is most commonly used in reference to the electron configuration of electrons, in atoms or molecules. ... Electric charge is a fundamental property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interactions. ... In physics, the electrostatic force is the force arising between static (that is, non-moving) electric charges. ...
In negative ions, the interaction of each electron with the positive nucleus is strongly suppressed; they are very loosely bound systems. Contrary to all other atomic electrons, the extraneous electron in negative ions is initially not bound by the Coulomb interaction, but by polarization of the neutral atom. Due to the short range of this interaction, negative ions have no Rydberg series, but only a few, if any, bound excited states. In physics, the electrostatic force is the force arising between static (that is, non-moving) electric charges. ... This article treats polarization in electrodynamics. ... The Rydberg formula (Rydberg-Ritz formula) is used in atomic physics for determining the full spectrum of light emission from hydrogen, later extended to be useful with any element. ...
My research interests lie in the area of accelerator-based atomic physics with particular emphasis on the structure of negativeions and the manner in which they interact with electromagnetic radiation and other particles.
We study photon-induced detachment of negativeions in the ultraviolet using a merged laser-ion beam apparatus at Chalmers University of Technology.
Photon-induced detachment processes involving inner-shell electrons are investigated by merging the photon beam with a negativeion beam from a small accelerator.
The use of negativeions was even found by scientists to reduce the presence of airborne viruses by about 40%.
In nature, negativeions are generated by processes such as sunlight, lightening, waves from the ocean, and from waterfalls.
This method produces a density that is many times higher than the negativeion level found at Niagara Falls, the highest natural producer of negativeions and one of the healthiest environments in the world.
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