HMS Nelson

For the Battleship class in the Cosmic Era of Gundam, see Nelson class battleship (Gundam) Download high resolution version (867x1071, 114 KB)HMS Nelson This image is copyrighted by the maintainer of the Web site http://www. ... Download high resolution version (867x1071, 114 KB)HMS Nelson This image is copyrighted by the maintainer of the Web site http://www. ... HMS Nelson was a Nelson-class battleship of the Royal Navy active in World War II. She was named in honour of Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, the victor at the Battle of Trafalgar. ... The Cosmic Era is the timeline of the anime television series Gundam Seed, and its sequels and spinoffs. ... Gundam is one of the longest running meta-series of anime featuring giant robots. ... In Mobile Suit Gundam SEED, the standard spacegoing warship of the Earth Alliances OMNI Enforcer is the Nelson-class battleship, a vessel of which OMNI has no shortage. ...

The Nelson class were battleships of the British Royal Navy built shortly following the Washington Naval Treaty in 1922. They were the first British battleships built since the Revenge class of 1913, and the last until the King George V class of 1936. Because of the limitations of the treaty the structure of the ships had to be revised, which resulted in unusual design considerations. HMS Victory in 1884 In naval warfare, a battleship was the most powerful gun-armed, most heavily armored and most effective type of warship at any particular time. ... The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the senior service of the British armed services, being the oldest of its three branches. ... The Washington Naval Treaty limited the naval armaments of its five signatories. ... 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... HMS Royal Sovereign The Revenge-class battleships were five battleships of the Royal Navy, ordered as World War I loomed on the horizon, and launched in 1914–1916. ... The King George V class battleships were the second to last class of battleships completed by the Royal Navy. ...

Two ships of the class were produced, both named after famous British admirals: HMS Rodney and HMS Nelson . Admiral is a word from the Arabic term Amir-al-bahr (Lord of the bay). ... HMS Rodney was a Nelson-class battleship of the Royal Navy. ... HMS Nelson was a Nelson-class battleship of the Royal Navy active in World War II. She was named in honour of Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, the victor at the Battle of Trafalgar. ...

History and design

The Battle of Jutland had shown the value of firepower and protection over speed and maneuverability. Admiral Fisher's dictum that "speed is armor" had been tested in battle, and had been disproved in the context of the battle line for all their success at the battle of the Falklands. Thickness of armor and weight of shell were now seen as the keys to naval victory. The Battle of Jutland, known in Germany as the Battle of the Skagerrak (Skagerrakschlacht), was the largest naval battle of World War I, and the only full-scale clash of battleships in that war. ... Alternative meanings: vehicle armour, Armor (novel) A hoplite wearing a helmet, a breastplate and greaves (and nothing else). ... ... The Battle of the Falkland Islands was a naval engagement of the First World War, fought between units of the Royal Navy and the Kaiserliche Marine on 8 December 1914. ...

The next generation of British warships were to incorporate this lesson. After World War I, the Admiralty drew up plans for massive, heavily armored battlecruisers and battleships, far larger and stronger than all previous vessels. The G3 battlecruisers would carry 16 inch (406 mm) guns, and the proposed N3 battleships would carry nine 18 in guns (457 mm) guns, and would be the most powerful vessels afloat and the Royal Navy would hold its superiority in the burgeoning arms race despite the large warships planned in Japan and the US. Clockwise from top: Trenches in frontline, a British Mark I Tank crossing a trench, the Royal Navy battleship HMS Irresistible sinking after striking a mine at the battle of the Dardanelles, a Vickers machine gun crew with gas masks and a Sopwith Camel biplane. ... Old Admiralty House, Whitehall, London, Thomas Ripley, architect, 1723-26, was not admired by his contemporaries and earned him some scathing couplets from Alexander Pope The Admiralty was historically the authority in the United Kingdom responsible for the command of the Royal Navy. ... HMS Hood (left) and HMS Barham (right), in Malta, 1937. ... This article is about a battleship as a type of warship. ... The G3 battlecruisers were a design of battlecruiser planned for the British Royal Navy after the First World War. ... The N3 battleship was a planned battleship for the Royal Navy after World War I. They were never built because of the Washington Naval Treaty signed in 1921 which prevented an arms race between the major naval powers. ... A gun is a mechanical device that fires projectiles at high velocity, using a propellant such as gun powder or compressed air. ...

However, development was abruptly halted when the arms race was brought to a halt by the signature of the Washington Naval Treaty in 1922. The 4 battlecruisers were actually laid down, but construction stopped after about a month. The Washington Naval Treaty limited the naval armaments of its five signatories. ...

The Treaty limited all nations battleships to 35,000 tons and 16 in (406 mm) guns. This killed both the "battlecruisers" and projected super-battleships, and the Royal Navy was forced to scale down its designs. The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the senior service of the British armed services, being the oldest of its three branches. ...

They took aspects of the G3 design - forward armament and blocky armoured superstructures - and liberal advantage of the text of the Treaty. The British had sucessfully ensured that the definition of maximum tonnage excluded fuel and boiler water. They had argued that policing the widespread British Empire meant their ships had to carry more of both and they should not be penalised against nations like the US which operated much closer to its naval bases. As a result water-filled anti-torpedo protection could be incorporated contributing only their "dry" weight to the overall limit. The British Empire was the largest empire in history. ...

The result of this compromise was the Nelson Class of battleships. These were well-armored and defended (nine 16 in (406 mm) guns in three turrets), but light and small enough to conform to the Treaty terms. (Navy men referred to this as the "Cherry Tree Class", because it had been "cut down by Washington"). This article is about a battleship as a type of warship. ... Turret (highlighted) attached to a tower on a baronial building in Scotland In architecture, a turret (from Italian: torretta, little tower; Latin: turris, tower) is a small tower that projects from the wall of a building, such as a medieval castle or baronial house. ... George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799) was the successful Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), and later became the first President of the United States, an office to which he was elected twice (1789-1797). ...

The limitations of the treaty against the need to increase firepower and armor, while keeping weight low, resulted in a radical new warship design. In order to reduce weight of armor, all the primary gun turrets were mounted on the foredeck. They could then be served by a single magazine, instead of the two necessitated by traditional designs, which shortened the necessary armored length. The G3 and N3 designs had put the gun turrets forward two on the foredeck, one superimposed above the other and the third turret would have been between the bridge and stern structures. For the Nelsons all three could not be staggered in height so No. 3 was level with No. 1 but behind and lower than No 2 and so its angle of fire was partially obscured. Boxes of ammunition clog a warehouse in Baghdad Ammunition is a generic military term meaning (the assembly of) a projectile and its propellant. ...

The secondary guns were all located near the stern - another element of the G3 design. The engines and superstructure were also placed aft in order to balance the heavy weight of the primary armament. The boilers were placed aft of the engines in order to keep the funnel, and smoke, as far away from the bridge as possible. // Sociological concept In social sciences, superstructure is the set of socio-psychological feedback loops that maintain a coherent and meaningful structure in a given society, or part thereof. ...

Armor weight was also saved by using an internal, inclined armor belt. The external hull of the ship was unarmored, with the outer plating meant to reduce the impact velocity of shells. Inclined armor increases the effective thickness of the belt, and its internal disposition was intended to provide a low-resistance path to vent torpedo explosions out of the ship (this feature was unsuccessful). Also for the first time, a British dreadnought was given thick decks to protect against plunging shells and aircraft-dropped bombs.

As a compromise design, unsuprisingly it had some serious flaws. Despite the rear location of the superstructure, the center of gravity of the ship was still too far forward. This caused maneuverability problems in high wind: the superstructure acted as a sail, causing the ships to "weathervane" when steaming at low speeds. This was a particularly dangerous problem in crowded harbors, and the ships were notoriously difficult to dock and embark. They were also difficult to turn, and hard to steer when steaming astern. In physics, the center of gravity (CoG) of an object is the average location of its weight. ... Wind is the roughly horizontal movement of air (as opposed to an air current) caused by uneven heating of the Earths surface. ... A sail is any type of surface intended to generate thrust by being placed in a wind —in essence a vertically-oriented wing. ...

The inclined armor disposition considerably increased the danger of shells diving under the armor belt. With wave motion along the side of the ship, with the ship rolling, or with a list caused by damage, the ship would have been at risk of shells passing almost unhindered into the vitals of the ship. In publicly-released information, the Admiralty always showed the inclined armor to be much deeper than was actually the case. Old Admiralty House, Whitehall, London, Thomas Ripley, architect, 1723-26, was not admired by his contemporaries and earned him some scathing couplets from Alexander Pope The Admiralty was historically the authority in the United Kingdom responsible for the command of the Royal Navy. ...

These ships were very different from the rest of the British battle fleet. They were the first RN battleships to carry their secondary armament in turrets which greatly improved serviceability in heavy seas. Their main armament of 16"/45 guns were mounted in triple turrets, the only RN warships to do so. The guns themselves where a step away from standard British designs. Where previous RN weapons fired heavy shell at a low velocity, the Nelson class followed the German practice of a lighter shell at a higher velocity. This change in policy was due to British post-war tests of the German equipment, although subsequent testing proved contradictory and these weapons were never considered to be as successful as the previous 15"/42. The guns suffered considerable barrel wear and had a large dispersion pattern. As a result their muzzle velocities were lowered which reduced their penetrative power. A heavier shell was needed but the cost of producing new shells and modifying shell handling and storage equipment had come at time when RN funding had been heavily reduced, and so they had to make do.

The need to reduce weight and the use of triple mount turrets led to problems with the ammunition handling and loading machinery. Incorporating many safety features but using lighter materials meant there were complex but relatively fragile equipment that gave problems which had to sorted out over the ships lifetime.

Finally, the blast of the guns firing disrupted officers on the bridge to such an extent that the guns were usually prohibited from firing abaft of the beam. A great deal of effort was expended in correcting this problem, and no solution was ever found. They even placed tempered glass in the bridge window holes, but firing the guns shattered them and filled the bridge with flying debris. Weight saving measnures had included the use of light materials such as aluminium for fittings and fir instead of teak for deck planking. These were far more susceptible to the effects of the main armament firing and caused more maintenance work. FIR may stand for: finite impulse response (a property of some digital filters) far infrared, i. ... Species Tectona grandis Tectona hamiltoniana Tectona philippinensis Teak (Tectona), also called jati is a genus of tropical hardwood trees in the family Verbenaceae, native to the south and southeast of Asia, and is commonly found as a component of monsoon forest vegetation. ...

The Ships

Because of their unusual silhouette, HMS Nelson and her sister Rodney were sarcastically nicknamed Nelsol and Rodnol by the Royal Navy - their maneuverability problems and silhouettes reminded Navy men of oil tankers, not battleships. (Royal Navy oilers were always given names ending in "ol".) A tanker is a ship designed to transport liquids in bulk. ...

The closeness of the primary turrets to each other was also a danger to the structural integrity of the ships. The crews were warned to never fire all the 16 in (406 mm) guns at the same time, because this would damage the deck - clearly, a serious handicap on a fighting ship. This is a long standing rumour, and was disproved at the final action with Bismarck, where Rodney did fire the occaisional full broadside without any adverse effects!

Another complication was the size of the forward gun deck. This area had to be kept clear of obstructions since any structures located there would be destroyed by the blast of the guns. However, this left a very large area of the deck where anti-aircraft guns could not be sited. The problem was partially solved by mounting AA guns on top of the turrets, though air defense remained a serious weakness with these vessels throughout their careers. American troops man an anti-aircraft gun near the Algerian coastline in 1943 Anti-aircraft, or air defense, is any method of combating military aircraft from the ground. ...

In theory, the "all-forward" design reduced the danger of an enemy "crossing the T" of the ship. However, this advantage was offset by the awkward location of the third ("C") turret. For structural reasons it was mounted lower on deck than the second ("B"), which severely limited its forward field of fire. This was bad enough, but "C" could also not fire in the aft quarters without damaging the superstructure. (The bridge was a particularly unpleasant place to be when firing on distant stern targets.) Look up bridge in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

When the Washington Treaty lapsed in 1936, the Royal Navy abandoned the "all-forward" arrangement and returned to traditional designs with the King George V class. 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Despite these difficulties, both Nelson and Rodney had successful careers during World War II, the latter vessel helping to sink DKM Bismarck in 1941 (although the guncrews ignored engineers' instructions during the battle, and inflicted more damage on their own ship than Bismarck did.) Combatants Allied Powers Axis Powers Commanders {{{commander1}}} {{{commander2}}} Strength {{{strength1}}} {{{strength2}}} Casualties 17 million military deaths 7 million military deaths World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a mid-20th century conflict that engulfed much of the globe and is accepted as the largest and deadliest... The Kriegsmarine (or War Navy) was the name of the German Navy between 1935 and 1945, during the Nazi regime, superseding the Reichsmarine. ... The German battleship Bismarck was probably the most famous warship of the Second World War. ... For the movie, see 1941 (film) 1941 (MCMXLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

General Characteristics

• Displacement:
  • Standard: 33,950 tons
  • Full load: 38,000 tons
• Length: 710 ft (216.5 m) overall
• Beam: 106 ft (32.3 m)
• Draft: 33 feet (10 m)
• Complement: 1,361
• Armament (Nelson, 1944):
  • nine 16 inch (406 mm) guns;
  • twelve 6 inch (152 mm) guns;
  • six 4.7 inch (119 mm) AA guns;
  • 14 Bofors 40 mm AA;
  • 48 2-pdr (40 mm) pom-pom in multiple mounts
  • 61 20 mm AA;
  • two 24.5 inch (622 mm) torpedo tubes
• Propulsion: Two Brown-Curtis geared turbines, two screws
• Speed: 23.8 knots
• Armor:
  • Belt: 14 inches (356 mm)
  • deck: 6 inches (152 mm)
  • 16-inch turret front 16 in. (406 mm) (C turret: 18 in (457 mm))
  • turret sides: 9 in. (229 mm)
  • barbettes: 15 in. (381 mm)
  • 6-inch turrets: 1.5 in. (38 mm)
  • Citadel: 13.4 in. (330 mm)

A pom-pon is an antiaircraft gun. ... A conning tower was an armoured observation post on a warship from where the vessel was controlled during a battle. ...

References

• Siegfried Breyer, Battleships and Battlecruisers 1905-1970 (Doubleday and Company; Garden City, New York, 1973) (originally published in German as Schlachtschiffe und Schlachtkreuzer 1905-1970, J.F. Lehmanns, Verlag, Munchen, 1970). Contains various line drawings of the ships in various configurations.
• Robert Gardiner, ed., Conway’s All the World’s Fighting Ships 1922 - 1946 (Conway Maritime Press, London, 1980)