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| | Neostigmine | | Systematic (IUPAC) name | | 3-(dimethylcarbamoyloxy)-N,N,N-trimethylbenzenaminium | | Identifiers | | CAS number | 59-99-4 | | ATC code | N07AA01 S01EB06 | | PubChem | 5824 | | Chemical data | | Formula | C12H19N2O2 | | Mol. mass | 223.294 g/mol | | Pharmacokinetic data | | Bioavailability | Unclear, probably less than 5% | | Metabolism | Slow hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase and also by plasma esterases | | Half life | 50-90 minutes | | Excretion | Unchanged drug (up to 70%) and alcoholic metabolite (30%) are excreted in the urine | | Therapeutic considerations | | Pregnancy cat. | ? Image File history File links Neostigmine. ...
IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and of describing the science of chemistry in general. ...
CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. ...
The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System is used for the classification of drugs. ...
A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ...
A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ...
PubChem is a database of chemical molecules. ...
A chemical formula is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ...
For other uses, see Carbon (disambiguation). ...
General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ...
General Name, symbol, number nitrogen, N, 7 Chemical series nonmetals Group, period, block 15, 2, p Appearance colorless gas Standard atomic weight 14. ...
General Name, symbol, number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals, chalcogens Group, period, block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) very pale blue (liquid) Standard atomic weight 15. ...
The molecular mass (abbreviated Mr) of a substance, formerly also called molecular weight and abbreviated as MW, is the mass of one molecule of that substance, relative to the unified atomic mass unit u (equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12). ...
In pharmacology, bioavailability is used to describe the fraction of an administered dose of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation, one of the principal pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. ...
Drug metabolism is the metabolism of drugs, their biochemical modification or degradation, usually through specialized enzymatic systems. ...
It has been suggested that Effective half-life be merged into this article or section. ...
The kidneys are important excretory organs in vertebrates. ...
The pregnancy category of a pharmaceutical agent is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical, if it is used as directed by the mother during pregnancy. ...
| | Legal status | | | Routes | ? | Neostigmine is a parasympathomimetic, specifically, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. By interfering with the breakdown of acetylcholine, neostigmine indirectly stimulates both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. It does cross the blood-brain barrier albeit poorly. Neostigmine binds to the anionic site of cholinesterase. The drug blocks the active site of acetylcholinesterase so the enzyme can no longer break down the acetylcholine molecules before they reach the postsynaptic membrane receptors. This allows for the threshold to be reached so a new impulse can be triggered in the next nueron. In myasthenia gravis there are too few acetylcholine receptors so with the acetylcholinesterase blocked, acetylcholine can bind to the few receptors and trigger a muscular contraction. The regulation of therapeutic goods, that is drugs and therapeutic devices, varies by jurisdiction. ...
In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body. ...
A parasympathomimetic is a drug or poison that acts by stimulating or mimicking the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). ...
A cholinesterase inhibitor or anticholinesterase is a chemical that inhibits a cholinesterase enzyme from breaking down acetylcholine, so increasing both the level and duration of action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. ...
The chemical compound acetylcholine, often abbreviated as ACh, was the first neurotransmitter to be identified. ...
Agonists An agonist is a substance that binds to a receptor and triggers a response in the cell. ...
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, or nAChRs, are ionotropic receptors that form ion channels in cells plasma membranes. ...
Amanita muscaria from which muscarine was isolated Acetylcholine - natural agonist of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. ...
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a membranic structure that acts primarily to protect the brain from chemicals in the blood, while still allowing essential metabolic function. ...
Clinical Uses It is used to improve muscle tone in people with myasthenia gravis and routinely, in anesthesia at the end of an operation, to reverse the effects of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants such as vecuronium. Myasthenia gravis (sometimes abbreviated MG; from the Greek myastheneia, lit. ...
Anesthesia or anaesthesia (see spelling differences) has traditionally meant the condition of having the perception of pain and other sensations blocked. ...
In biology, depolarization is the event a cell undergoes when its membrane potential grows more positive with respect to the extracellular solution. ...
A muscle relaxant is a drug which decreases the tone of a muscle. ...
Vecuronium Bromide is a muscle relaxant in the category of non depolarising neuromuscular blocking agents. ...
It can also be used for urinary retention resulting from general anaesthetia and to treat curariform drug toxicity. Urinary retention also known as ischuria is a lack of ability to urinate. ...
A general anaesthetic drug is an anaesthetic (or anesthetic AE) drug that brings about a reversible loss of consciousness. ...
Strychnos toxifera by Koehler 1887 This page is about the plant toxins. ...
Another indication for use is the Ogilvie syndrome which is a pseudoobstruction of the colon in critically ill patients. Ogilvie syndrome is the acute pseudoobstruction and dilation of the colon in the absence of any mechanical obstruction in severely ill patients. ...
Neostigmine will cause slowing of the heart rate (bradycardia), for this reason it is usually given along with a parasympatholytic drug such as atropine or glycopyrrolate. Bradycardia, as applied to adult medicine, is defined as a resting heart rate of under 60 beats per minute, though it is seldom symptomatic until the rate drops below 50 beat/min. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Parasympathetic nervous system. ...
Atropine is a tropane alkaloid extracted from the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and other plants of the family Solanaceae. ...
Glycopyrrolate is a medication of the muscarinic anticholinergic group. ...
Neostigmine is available under several trade names such as Prostigmin®.
Neostigmine was first synthesized by Aeschlimann and Reinert in 1931.
Sources - Brenner, G. M. (2000). Pharmacology. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders Company. ISBN 0-7216-7757-6
- Canadian Pharmacists Association (2000). Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties (25th ed.). Toronto, ON: Webcom. ISBN 0-919115-76-4
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