Nepalese Civil War
Date February 13, 1996 – November 21, 2006 Location Nepal Result New democratic government established. Casus belli Maoist rebellion.
Combatants
Nepal Government	Maoist rebels
Commanders
Various Prime Ministers	Prachanda
Casualties
12,700+ deaths

The Nepal Civil War was a conflict between monarchist government forces and Maoist rebels in Nepal which lasted from 1996 until 2006. The war was started by the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) on February 13, 1996, with the aim of establishing the "People's Republic of Nepal." February 13 is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... November 21 is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Casus belli is a modern Latin language expression meaning the justification for acts of war. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Nepal. ... Motto: Sanskrit: जननी जन्मभूमिष्च स्वर्गादपि गरीयसी (Mother and motherland are dearer than the heavens) Anthem: Rastriya Gaan Capital Kathmandu Largest city Kathmandu Kantipur Nepali Government Transitional government  - King Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev  - Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala Unification December 21, 1768  Area  - Total 147,181 km² (93rd) 56,827 sq mi   - Water (%) 2. ... Image File history File links CPI-M-flag. ... The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) or CPN(M) is a Maoist political party founded in 1994 and led by Pushpa Kamal Dahal, otherwise known as Prachanda. ... Prachanda (NepālÄ«: प्रचण्ड pracaṇḍa, born Pushpa Kamal Dahal on December 11, 1954) is the leader of the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist). ... Monarchism is the advocacy of the establishment, preservation, or restoration of a monarchy. ... Maoism or Mao Zedong Thought (Chinese: 毛澤東思想, pinyin: Máo Zédōng Sīxiǎng), also called Marxism-Leninism–Mao Zedong Thought or Marxism-Leninism-Maoism (MLM), is a variant of communism derived from the teachings of Mao Zedong (1893&#8211... 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) or CPN(M) is a Maoist political party founded in 1994 and led by Pushpa Kamal Dahal, otherwise known as Prachanda. ... February 13 is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ...

More than 12,700 people were killed^[1] and an estimated 100,000 to 150,000 people were internally displaced as a result of the conflict. This conflict disrupted the majority of rural development activities and led to a deep and complex transformation of Nepalese society. On November 21, 2006, a peace agreement was signed between the rebels and the new democratic government. November 21 is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A peace treaty is an agreement between two hostile parties, usually countries or governments, that formally ends a war or armed conflict. ... Democracy (literally rule by the people, from the Greek demos, people, and kratos, rule) is a form of government for a nation state, or for an organization in which all the citizens have an equal vote or voice in shaping policy. ...

Overview

The CPN(M) broke away from the Samyukta Jana Morcha (United People's Front) in 1994 over minor differences about leadership. The Maoists labeled the government forces "feudal forces," and included in this accusation the monarchy and the mainstream political parties. The armed struggle began soon afterwards with simultaneous attacks on remote police stations and district headquarters. Initially, the Nepalese government mobilized the Nepal Police to contain the insurgency. The Royal Nepal Army was not involved in direct fighting because the conflict was regarded as a matter for the police to sustain control. Furthermore, controversy grew regarding the army not assisting the police during insurgent attacks in remote areas. The popularly-elected prime minister resigned his post, due to the refusal of the Royal Army to take part in the conflict. This situation changed dramatically in 2002 when the first session of peace talks failed and the Maoists attacked an army barracks in Dang district in western Nepal. Overnight, the army was unleashed against the insurgents. At the same time, the king of Nepal maintained a puppet democratic government which depended upon him for their status to remain legitimate. Under the aegis of the global War on Terrorism and with the stated goal of averting the development of a "failed state" that could serve as a source of regional and international instability, the United States, European Union, and India, among other nations, have provided extensive military and economic aid to the Nepalese government. This material support to the Nepalese government dried up after King Gyanendra seized full control in February 2005. The Sanyukta Janamorcha Nepal (United Peoples Front of Nepal, abbreviated SJM) was the mass front of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre). ... The Royal Nepalese Army is the army of Nepal. ... Dang Deokhuri district, a part of Rapti zone, is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal, a landlocked country of South Asia. ... Combatants Participants in Operations: United States United Kingdom Turkey South Korea Canada Israel Spain Portugal Pakistan Afghanistan Australia New Zealand Italy Netherlands Denmark France Germany Norway Romania Philippines Poland Ukraine Georgia Jordan Saudi Arabia NATO New Iraqi Army and others Targets of Operations: Taliban Baathist Iraq Baath Loyalists... A failed state is a controversial term intended to mean a weak state in which the central government has little practical control over much of its territory. ...

The government has responded to the rebellion by banning provocative statements about the monarchy,^[2] imprisoning journalists, and shutting down newspapers accused of siding with the insurgents. Several rounds of negotiations, accompanied by temporary cease-fires, have been held between the insurgents and the government. The government has categorically rejected the insurgents' demand for an election to the constituent assembly; it would result in the abolition of the monarchy by a popular vote. At the same time, the Maoists have refused to recognize the installation of a constitutional monarchy. In November 2004, the government rejected the Maoists' request to negotiate directly with the King Gyanendra rather than via the Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba; their request for discussions to be mediated by a third party, such as the United Nations was dismissed. An armistice is the effective end of a war, when the warring parties agree to stop fighting. ... King Gyanendra King Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev of Nepal (born July 7, 1947) has been the king of Nepal since June 2001. ... Sher Bahadur Deuba (born June 13, 1946) was the prime minister of Nepal. ... The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, and social equity. ...

Throughout war time, the government controlled the main cities and towns, whilst the Maoist dominated the rural areas. Historically, the presence of the Nepalese government has been limited to town and zonal centers. The only state apparatus present in most small villages, where most of the inhabitants of Nepal live, were a health post, a government school, a village council, and a police booth. Once the insurgency began, the schools were all that remained, indicating that the Maoists had seized control of the village. The Royal government powerbase is located in the zonal headquarters and the capital Kathmandu. Unrest reached Kathmandu in 2004 when the Maoists announced a blockade of the capital city. Kathmandu (Nepali: काठमाडौं, Nepal Bhasa:यें) is the capital city of Nepal and it is also the largest city in Nepal. ...

Intense fighting and civic unrest continued well into 2005, with the death toll rising to 200 in December 2004. On February 1, 2005, in response to the inability of the relatively democratic government to restore order, King Gyanendra assumed total control of the government. He proclaimed, "Democracy and progress contradict one another… In pursuit of liberalism, we should never overlook an important aspect of our conduct, namely discipline." King Gyanendra King Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev of Nepal (born July 7, 1947) has been the king of Nepal since June 2001. ...

Communism in Nepal

Communist Party of Nepal History of Nepal Nepal Civil War This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Image File history File links CPI-M-flag. ... The Communist Party of Nepal was founded in Calcutta, India, on April 29, 1949. ... Neolithic tools found in the Kathmandu Valley indicate that people have been living in the Himalayan region for at least 9,000 years. ...

Communist Leaders Pushpa Lal Shrestha Mohan Bikram Singh Manmohan Adhikari Chandra Prakash Mainali Madan Kumar Bhandari Madhav Kumar Nepal Prachanda Baburam Bhattarai Pushpa Lal on a stamp Pushpa Lal Shrestha (born 1924, died 22 July 1978) was a founding member of the Communist Party of Nepal as well as the leader of the Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal). ... Mohan Bikram Singh Gharti, often refered to as MBS, is a Nepalese politician. ... Man Mohan Adhikari (1920-1999) was the Prime Minister of Nepal from 1994 to 1995, representing the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist). ... Chandra Prakash Mainali is a communist politician in Nepal. ... Madan Kumar Bhandari was born in Taplejung in 1952. ... Madhav Kumar Nepal is a Nepalese politician, general secretary of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist). ... Prachanda (Nepālī: प्रचण्ड pracaṇḍa, born Pushpa Kamal Dahal on December 11, 1954) is the leader of the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist). ... Dr. Baburam Bhattarai (born 26 May 1954) is a Nepalese communist. ...

Current Communist Groups Workers and Peasants Party CPN (Unified Marxist-Leninist) CPN (Maoist) CPN (Unity Centre-Masal) CPN (United Marxist) CPN (Unified Marxist-Leninist-Maoist) CPN (Marxist-Leninist) NWPP wall-painting in Bhaktapur Nepal Workers and Peasants Party is a political party in Nepal. ... Categories: Stub | Nepali political parties | Communist parties ... The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) or CPN(M) is a Maoist political party founded in 1994 and led by Pushpa Kamal Dahal, otherwise known as Prachanda. ... Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre-Masal), a communist political party in Nepal. ... Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist) is a political party in Nepal, formed in 2005 through the merger of Communist Party of Nepal (United) and Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist). ... Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist-Maoist) is a communist party in Nepal. ... Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist), a political party in Nepal formed by C.P. Mainali when the CPN(ML) reunified with Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist). ...

Defunct Communist Groups Nepal Communist League CPN (Rayamjhi) CPN (Pushpa Lal) CPN (4th Convention) CPN (Marxist-Leninist) CPN (Masal) CPN (Mashal) CPN (Marxist) CPN (Democratic) CPN (Unity Centre) Nepal Communist League (in Nepali: Nepal Samyabadi Sangh), a communist organisation in Nepal. ... Communist Party of Nepal (Rayamjhi), the political faction led by Keshar Jung Rayamajhi. ... Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal), a splinter group of the Communist Party of Nepal, led by Pushpa Lal Shestra. ... The Communist Party of Nepal (Fourth Convention) was a communist party in Nepal. ... Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist-Leninist), was an underground political party in Nepal. ... Communist Party of Nepal (Masal), a communist party in Nepal. ... Communist Party of Nepal (Mashal), a communist party in Nepal. ... Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist), formed through the unification of Communist Party of Nepal (Manmohan) and Communist Party of Nepal (Pushpa Lal) in 1986. ... Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic), a short-lived communist party in Nepal. ... Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre), a communist party in Nepal. ...

Related Articles Communism World Communist Movement Politics of Nepal Political parties in Nepal Elections in Nepal This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Politics of Nepal takes place in a framework of a monarchy in transition to a parliamentary democracy. ... Nepals constitution of 1990 provides for a multi-party system. ... Politics of Nepal Categories: Election related stubs | Elections in Nepal ...

Communism Portal

On November 22, 2005, the joint CPN(M)-United People's Front conference in Delhi issued a 12-point resolution, stating that they "…completely agree that autocratic monarchy is the main hurdle" hindering the realisation of "democracy, peace, prosperity, social advancement and a free and sovereign Nepal." and that "It is our clear view that without establishing absolute democracy by ending autocratic monarchy, there is no possibility of peace, progress and prosperity in the country. November 22 is the 326th day (327th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

An understanding had been reached to establish absolute democracy by ending autocratic monarchy, with the respective forces centralizing their assault against autocratic monarchy thereby creating a nationwide storm of democratic protests." This marked a departure from the previous stance of the CPN(M), which had so far vehemently opposed the gradual process of democratization advocated by the UPF.

As a result of the civil war, Nepal's greatest source of foreign exchange, its tourism industry, suffered considerably. iExplore.com, a travel company, published rankings of the popularity of tourist destinations, based on their sales, which indicated that Nepal had gone from being the tenth most popular destination among adventure travelers, to the twenty-seventh. This was the first time that Nepal had been outside the top 10 for several successive years and is a strong indication of the pressures on the government. List of civil wars List of divided nations List of fictional wars (including fictional civil wars) Wars of national liberation The Logic of Violence in Civil War What makes a civil war? The Wars of the Roses Information about the English civil war fought between 1455 and 1487. ... Tourists at Oahu island, Hawaii Tourism is the act of travel for predominantly recreational or leisure purposes, and also refers to the provision of services in support of this act. ...

The conflict has forced the young and able to seek work abroad. These labourers work predominantly in the Gulf (Qatar, Saudi Arabia, etc.) and Southeast Asia (Malaysia etc). The regular flow of remittances from these labourers has permitted the country to avoid serious economic crisis or economic bankruptcy. The economy of Nepal has become as dependent on the infusion of foreign income from the labouring class as e.g., the Lebanese economy. Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ...

It is worth noting that both sides in the civil war have been observed using British arms dating from World War I and World War II, notably the Lee-Enfield rifle, the Bren Machine gun, and the Sten Submachine gun, as well as 1950s vintage AK-47 rifles and FN SLR rifles. Combatants Allied Powers: British Empire France Italy Russia United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Germany Ottoman Empire Commanders Ferdinand Foch Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Armando Diaz Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Herbert Henry Asquith Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Wilhelm II Paul... Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Nazi Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead... Lee-Enfield No4 Mk1 with bayonet, scabbard attached The Lee-Enfield was the British armys standard bolt action, magazine-fed, repeating rifle from 1895 until 1956. ... The Bren (from Brno, the Czechoslovakian town of design, and Enfield, the British manufacturer), usually called the Bren Gun, was a series of machine guns adopted by Britain in the 1930s and used in various roles into the 1980s. ... The Sten (or Sten gun) was a family of British, 9 mm submachine guns used extensively by the British Empire and Commonwealth forces throughout World War II and the Korean War. ... An MP5A4 (fixed stock and 3-round burst trigger group), a popular modern submachine gun A submachine gun is a firearm that combines the automatic fire of a machine gun with the cartridge of a pistol, and is usually between the two in weight and size. ... Avtomat Kalashnikova model 1947 g. ... The FN Fusil Automatique Léger (light automatic rifle) is a 7. ...

Timeline

1996

• February 13: Initiation of the people's war by the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist).
  • Kathmandu: A soft-drink bottling factory owned by a multi-national company is attacked and a portion of the building torched.
  • Gorkha district
    • A liquor factory is 'blasted'.
    • The office of the Small Farmer's Development Programme of the state-owned Agricultural Development Bank in Chyangli VDC (Village Development Committee) is ransacked.
  • Kavre district: A moneylender's house is raided at night, properties and cash reportedly worth 1.3 million rupees seized, and loan documents worth several million rupees reportedly destroyed.
  • Rolpa, Rukum & Sindhuli districts: One police outpost raided in each district. The outpost at Holeri, Rolpa has its stores seized, including a "substantial amount of high explosives". Athbiskot-Rari, Rukum is also raided. The Sindhuligarhi post in Sindhuli is reportedly raided without resistance.

February 13 is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) or CPN(M) is a Maoist political party founded in 1994 and led by Pushpa Kamal Dahal, otherwise known as Prachanda. ... Kathmandu (Nepali: काठमाडौं, Nepal Bhasa:यें) is the capital city of Nepal and it is also the largest city in Nepal. ... Gorkha district, a part of Gandaki zone, is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal, a landlocked country of South Asia. ... Kavrepalanchok district, a part of Bagmati zone, is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal, a landlocked country of South Asia. ... Rolpa district, a part of Rapti zone, is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal, a landlocked country of South Asia. ... Rukum district, a part of Rapti zone, is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal, a landlocked country of South Asia. ... Sindhuli district, a part of Janakpur zone, is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal, a landlocked country of South Asia. ...

2001

• January: The government creates the Armed Police Force to fight the insurgents.
• May 28: Chairman Prachanda gives an interview with the Communist journal A World to Win. (See "External links," below.)
• June 1: Crown Prince Dipendra reportedly kills King Birendra and much of the royal family. Dipendra, comatose after a failed suicide attempt (or fatally wounded by palace guards), is crowned king, according to tradition. He soon dies, however, and two days later, Gyanendra is crowned King. ^[3][4]
• August 3: The first round of peace talks begin.
• November 23: Peace talks collapse when the Maoists withdraw and attack police and army posts in 42 districts.
• November 26: The monarchy declares a nationwide state of emergency and employs the Nepal Army in attacking the Maoists.^[5]

2001 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December This is a month starting on Monday with 31 days. ... May 28 is the 148th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (149th in leap years). ... Prachanda (NepālÄ«: प्रचण्ड pracaṇḍa, born Pushpa Kamal Dahal on December 11, 1954) is the leader of the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist). ... June 1 is the 152nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (153rd in leap years), with 213 days remaining. ... Dipendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev of Nepal (June 27, 1971 – June 4, 2001) was King of Nepal from June 1 to June 4, 2001. ... — Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev, King of Nepal (विरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह देव) (December 28, 1945 – June 1, 2001) was king of Nepal from 1972 until 2001, and the son of King Mahendra, whom he succeeded. ... Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev, King of Nepal (Nepali: ज्ञानेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाहदेव; Gyānendra VÄ«ra Vikrama Śāhadeva) (born July 7, 1947) has been the King of Nepal since June 4, 2001. ... August 3 is the 215th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (216th in leap years), with 150 days remaining. ... November 23 is the 327th day of the year (328th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 38 days remaining. ... November 26 is the 330th day (331st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

2002

• The United States Congress approves US$12 million to train Royal Nepal Army officers and supply 5,000 M-16 rifles.^[6]
• May: Peace talks collapse.^[5]
• May 11: A photograph is discovered by Nepal government soldiers in western Nepal. The photograph depicts Nepal's Maoist rebel leaders Baburam Bhattarai, Hishila Yami, Ram Bahadur Thapa (alias Badal), and Pushpa Kamal Dahal (alias Prachanda).^[5]
• May 22: Prime Minister Deuba, at King Gyanendra's word, dissolves parliament and orders new elections. The reason given for the dissolution is opposition to the state of emergency.
• July 11: Information leaks out that the Belgian weapon manufacturer FN Herstal is allowed to deliver 5,500 M249 'Minimi' rifles to the Nepalese monarchy, a decision made by all coalition parties. Minister of External Affairs Louis Michel speaks of "a country in a pluralistic democracy". —
• October 4: King Gyanendra deposes Prime Minister Deuba and the entire Council of Ministers, assumes executive power, and cancels the elections for the dissolved House of Representatives, which had been scheduled for November 11.
• October 11: King Gyanendra appoints Lokendra Bahadur Chand as Prime Minister.

Seal of the U.S. Congress. ... The Royal Nepalese Army is the army of Nepal. ... M16 is also the Eagle Nebula in astronomy. ... 2002 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December A timeline of events in the news for May, 2002. ... May 11 is the 131st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (132nd in leap years). ... May 22 is the 142nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (143rd in leap years). ... July 11 is the 192nd day (193rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 173 days remaining. ... ... Caliber: 5. ... Louis Michel Louis Michel (born September 2, 1947) was until July 2004 the Belgian foreign minister. ... October 4 is the 277th day of the year (278th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... King Gyanendra King Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev of Nepal (born July 7, 1947) has been the king of Nepal since June 2001. ... October 11 is the 284th day of the year (285th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

2003

• January: The United States hold exercises with the Nepali army.^[6] Maoist insurgents kill the Inspector General of Police, his wife and his bodyguard while on their morning walk, as they used to do on Sunday mornings, intending to represent general safety to fellow citizens. The Inspector General and his wife, who was a teacher at an international school in the capital, were both unarmed.
• January 29: A second ceasefire is established and peace talks begin.^[5]
• May 13: Code of conduct jointly declared by the government and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) for the mutually agreed period of cease-fire.^[7]
• August 17: Killing of '19 rebels and civilians' in the Ramechhap district of central Nepal.^[5]
• August 24: The Maoists set an ultimatum, threatening to withdraw from the cease-fire if the government does not agree within 48 hours to include the question of the Maoists participating in the Constituent Assembly.^[5]
• August 26: The Maoist ultimatum expires.^[5]
• August 27:
  • Strike. The Maoist call for a one-day strike to denounce the army's attacks on their cadres"^[5]
  • The Maoists unilaterally withdraw from the January 29th cease-fire. Prachanda's statement revives the rebels' demand for an end to monarchic rule in favor of a people's republic, stating that "since the old regime has put an end to the forward-looking solution to all existing problems through the cease-fire and peace talks, we herein declare that the rationale behind cease-fire...and peace process has ended."^[5]
• September 27: "Twelve Maoists were killed in a gunbattle with security forces at Chhita Pokhara in the Khotang District, 340 kilometres east of Kathmandu, a police officer said." "Elsewhere in eastern Nepal, the Maoists killed two policemen, Purna Giri and Radha Krishna Rai, and a woman selling betel nuts, Kala Chaudhary, in the Jaljale-Gaighat area, an official said." "In Janakpur, an industrial hub on the Indian border 260 kilometers south-east of Kathmandu, the rebels carried out five early morning bombings that disrupted telephone service and power, police said." "He said the sites that were bombed included the offices of the roads department and the Nepal Electricity Authority and a telecommunications tower." "Troops and Maoists traded fire for nearly 40 minutes after the blasts but the rebels escaped and no one was injured, Mr Khadka said."^[8]
• October 13: At least 37 people are killed when an estimated 1,000 Maoists attempt to storm a police training center in Bhaluwang. "The rebels had snapped telephone cables, set up roadblocks by felling trees or blowing up highway bridges to prevent reinforcements from coming," a witness, Krishna Adhikary, told Reuters.^[9]
• October 27: "Lieutenant Colonel Adrian Griffith and six Nepali nationals were freed last week 42 hours after being taken captive in Baglung, 300 km (190 miles) west of Kathmandu, while on a drive to recruit young Gurkha soldiers to serve in the British army." Party chief Prachanda said, "We are sorry for the incident that took place against the policy of the party".^[10]
• November 11: The government Defence Ministry accuses the Maoists of abducting twenty-nine 9th- and 10th-grade students from Riva Secondary School in Mugu District, western Nepal during the previous week.^[11]
• November 19: According to a Nepal army official, four people were caught at the Chinese Khasa border point, 114 kilometers northeast of Kathmandu, smuggling weapons from Tibet into Nepal. The official named Hirala Lal Shrestha and Gyaljen Sherpa and said they were taken for interrogation in the Tibetan town of Xigatse.^[12]

2003: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December A timeline of events in the news for January, 2003. ... January 29 is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... May 13 is the 133rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (134th in leap years). ... August 17 is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... August 24 is the 236th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (237th in leap years), with 129 days remaining. ... A constituent assembly is a body elected with the purpose of drafting, and in some cases, adopting a constitution. ... August 26 is the 238th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (239th in leap years). ... August 27 is the 239th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (240th in leap years), with 126 days remaining. ... An armistice is the effective end of a war, when the warring parties agree to stop fighting. ... September 27 is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Khotang district, a part of Sagarmatha zone, is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal, a landlocked country of South Asia. ... October 13 is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... October 27 is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 65 days remaining. ... Prachanda (Nepālī: प्रचण्ड pracaṇḍa, born Pushpa Kamal Dahal on December 11, 1954) is the leader of the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist). ... November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... Mugu district, a part of Karnali zone, is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal, a landlocked country of South Asia. ... November 19 is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ...

2004

• February 5: A government raid is carried out on a village in Bhimad, Makwanpur District. Reports emerge that 14 suspected Maoist activists and two civilians have been extrajudicially executed. Amnesty International later wrote a letter to Prime Minister Surya Bahadur Thapa and Colonel Nilendra Aryal, Head of the Royal Nepal Army (RNA) human rights cell, demanding an immediate inquiry.^[13]
• February 10: Two central committee members of Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) Matrika Yadav and Suresh Alemagar are reported to have been handed over by India to Nepal. They were reportedly arrested in Lucknow after Nepal provided information. [2]
• February 13: Ganesh Chilwal leads an anti-Maoist protest on this day, the ninth anniversary of the commencement of the revolution. [3]
• February 15: Ganesh Chilwal is shot dead in his Kathmandu office by two men. [4]
• February 15: Fighting erupts at a Maoist jungle base in Kalikot District, 360km west of Kathmandu. The base is said to hold 1000 Maoist troops. On February 17, a security official says that a private helicopter flying troops to Kalikot was hit by Maoist fire but that it returned safely to Kathmandu. On February 18, 65 are reported killed, though this conflicts with other reported death tolls of 35 and 48. [5] [6]
• February 15 and 16: State radio report 13 rebels killed in seven separate small clashes across the kingdom. [7]
• February 18: Lawmaker Khem Narayan Faujdar, a member of the parliament dissolved by King Gyanendra in 2002, is shot dead by two suspected Maoists riding a motorcycle in the Nawalparasi District, 200 km southwest of the capital, according to the police. [8]
• April 2(?): The largest rallies since 1990 begin in Kathmandu. They are variously labelled "pro-democracy" and "anti-monarchy". [9] [10] [11]
• April 3: More than 12 trucks are burnt while waiting at a western Nepal border post to pick up petrol from India. India condemns the attacks and vows to fight terrorism. [12]
• April 4: "Some 150 demonstrators were struck during a police baton charge" during demonstrations in Kathmandu. [13]
• April 4 "Hundreds of Maoist rebels" attack a police post in Yadukuwa, Jadukhola killing at least nine police. 35 police are reported missing, 9 dead, and 7 wounded. 8 to 9 rebels are reported dead. "Witnesses said more than 500 rebels bombed the police post and began firing automatic weapons at around 9 p.m. (1515 GMT) on Sunday night. The fighting lasted two to three hours." Other reports state 400 rebels. [14] [15] [16]
• April 4: In the west of the country three Indian traders are shot and injured and have their vehicles burned. [17]
• April 5: A three day national strike begins, called by CPN(M) and opposed by an "alliance of five political parties" who are protesting in Kathmandu against the monarchy and say the strike will hamper the movement of demonstrators in Kathmandu. Prachanda said "The time has come to win a united struggle against the feudal forces as the king is trying to take the nation back to the 18th century". [18] [19]
• April 5: In the morning, 3 soldiers are killed and 7 injured by a CPN(M) landmine activated by their vehicle at Dhalkhola, 50km east of Kathmandu. [20] [21]
• April 5: At least 140 people are injured in clashes in Kathmandu as "about 50,000" demonstrators confront the police. Demonstrators try to break through a police barricade close to the royal palace. The police responds with tear gas and protesters are reportedly injured by police batons. Rocks and bricks are thrown by both sides. Demonstrations also occur in Lalitpur and Bhaktapur. Meanwhile, king Gyanendra has reportedly been away touring villages in western Nepal. [22] [23]
• April 5: The Indian government announces that it will no longer provide police escorts to Indian officials shopping in Nepal, as a means to discourage such trips. Fears are based on the CPN(M) targeting Indians - "We are worried about possible reprisals here if the Maoists continue to target Indians inside Nepal" said a senior police official. [24]
• August 16: The Soaltee Hotel, a popular luxury hotel in Kathmandu, is bombed, after refusing a demand from the Maoists that the hotel close.
• August 18: A bomb explodes in a marketplace in southern Nepal. The blast kills a 12-year-old boy and wounds six others, including three policemen. Also, Maoist rebels demanding the release of captured guerrillas stop all road traffic near Kathmandu by threatening to attack vehicles. Some Nepal businesses are shut down because of threats.
• September 10: A bomb explodes at the United States Information Service office in Kathmandu.
• September 13: U.S. Peace Corps suspends operations and non-essential U.S. Embassy personnel are evacuated from Nepal.
• December 15: Twenty government security personnel are killed in the western district of Arghakhanchi when the Maoists mount a surprise attack.
• December 16: Sixteen Maoist rebels are killed in clashes with Nepalese security forces in the western district of Dailekh.
• December 23: Maoist forces launch blockade of Kathmandu
• December 26: Over 15,000 hold peace rally in Kathmandu

February 5 is the 36th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Makwanpur district, a part of Narayani zone, is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal, a landlocked country of South Asia. ... Amnesty International symbol Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a non-governmental organization (NGO) comprising a worldwide movement of people who campaign for internationally recognized human rights.[1] Essentially it compares actual practices of human rights with internationally accepted standards and demands compliance where these have not... Surya Bahadur Thapa (born March 21, 1928) has been Prime Minister of Nepal five times, under three different kings, in a political career lasting nearly 50 years. ... The Royal Nepalese Army is the army of Nepal. ... February 10 is the 41st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) or CPN(M) is a Maoist political party founded in 1994 and led by Pushpa Kamal Dahal, otherwise known as Prachanda. ... now. ... February 13 is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... February 15 is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... February 15 is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Kalikot district, a part of Karnali zone, is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal, a landlocked country of South Asia. ... February 17 is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... February 18 is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... February 15 is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... February 16 is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... February 18 is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Nawalparasi district, a part of Lumbini zone, is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal, a landlocked country of South Asia. ... April 2 is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 273 days remaining. ... Kathmandu (Nepali: काठमाडौं, Nepal Bhasa:यें) is the capital city of Nepal and it is also the largest city in Nepal. ... April 3 is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 272 days remaining. ... April 4 is the 94th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (95th in leap years). ... April 4 is the 94th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (95th in leap years). ... April 4 is the 94th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (95th in leap years). ... April 5 is the 95th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (96th in leap years). ... Prachanda (Nepālī: प्रचण्ड pracaṇḍa, born Pushpa Kamal Dahal on December 11, 1954) is the leader of the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist). ... April 5 is the 95th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (96th in leap years). ... April 5 is the 95th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (96th in leap years). ... Lalitpur is a city and district of Uttar Pradesh state, India. ... Peacock Window View of a typical square A street of Bhaktapur Bhaktapur (27. ... April 5 is the 95th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (96th in leap years). ... August 16 is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... August 18 is the 230th day of the year (231st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... September 10 is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years). ... September 13 is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years). ... December 15 is the 349th day of the year (350th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Arghakhanchi district, a part of Lumbini zone, is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal, a landlocked country of South Asia. ... December 16 is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Dailekh district, a part of Bheri zone, is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal, a landlocked country of South Asia. ... December 23 is the 357th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (358th in leap years). ... December 26 is the 360th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, 361st in leap years. ...

2005

• January 2: Nepalese media falsely reports two children being killed in Dailekh District by a Maoist bomb.
• January 4: Three government security personnel and between two and twenty-four Maoist rebels reported killed in fighting.
• January 8: Maoists detain and later release 300 passengers from six buses that defy their blockade of Kathmandu.
• January 10: Prime Minister Deuba said he will increase defense spending to fight the Maoists unless they come forward for talks with the government.
• January 11: Protests and blockades over the government fuel price increases of between 10% and 25%.
• January 15: Maoists allegedly detain 14 Indian Gurkhas from Chuha village in Kailali.
• February 1: King Gyanendra dissolves parliament and bans all news reports. The army begins arresting senior political leaders, journalists, trade unionists, human rights activists and civil society leaders. All telephone and internet connections are cut.
• February 28: The Indian Army intervenes and is first spotted in Nepal, killing 32 Maoist rebels.
• June 6: Badarmude bus explosion: Some 38 civilians are killed and over 70 injured after a packed passenger bus runs over a rebel landmine in Chitwan district.
• August 9: Maoist rebels kill 40 security men in midwestern Nepal.
• September 3: The Maoists declare a three-month unilateral ceasefire to woo opposition political parties.
• November 19: After negotiations, the Maoist rebels agree to work with opposition politicians in a common front against the rule of King Gyanendra of Nepal. ^[14][15]

January 2 is the second day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Dailekh district, a part of Bheri zone, is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal, a landlocked country of South Asia. ... January 4 is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... January 8 is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... January 10 is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... January 11 is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... January 15 is the 15th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... February 1 is the 32nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Indian Army is the largest branch of the Armed Forces of India and has the primary responsibility of conducting land-based military operations. ... June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 208 days remaining // 1508 - Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year truce and cede several territories to Venice 1513... The Badarmude bus explosion was a terrorist attack on a civilian commuter coach in Southern Nepal near the village of Badarmude on July 6, 2005. ... August 9 is the 221st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (222nd in leap years), with 144 days remaining. ... September 3 is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A ceasefire is a temporary stoppage of a war, or any armed conflict, where each side of the conflict agrees with the other to suspend aggressive actions. ... November 19 is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) or CPN(M) is a Maoist political party founded in 1994 and led by Pushpa Kamal Dahal, otherwise known as Prachanda. ... Look up monarch in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev, King of Nepal (Nepali: ज्ञानेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाहदेव; Gyānendra Vīra Vikrama Śāhadeva) (born July 7, 1947) has been the King of Nepal since June 4, 2001. ...

2006

• January 2: Rebels decide not to extend a four month ceasefire saying that the government had broken the ceasefire with numerous attacks on Maoist villages.^[16]
• March 14: Nepalese rebels extend road blockade; nationwide strike called for April 3 (CNN)
• April 5: General strike begins, with Maoist forces promising to refrain from violence.
• April 6, 7: Protesters clash with police, hundreds arrested, dozens injured.
• April 8: A curfew is imposed in Kathmandu from 10 p.m. to 9 a.m.. The king orders protesters violating the curfew to be "shot on sight".^[17]
• April 9: General strike scheduled to end. Government extends curfew, BBC reports. Three dead in two days of unrest, as thousands of demonstrators defy curfews.^[18]
• April 27: Maoist insurgents, responding to a demand by the newly appointed Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala, announce a unilateral three-month truce after weeks of pro-democracy protests in Kathmandu, and encourage the formation of a new constituent assembly tasked with rewriting the nation's constitution.^[19][20]
• May 3: Nepal's new cabinet declares a ceasefire. The cabinet also announces that the Maoist rebels will no longer be considered a terrorist group. Rebels are also encouraged to open peace talks.^[21]
• November 21: Peace talks end with the signing of a deal between Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala and Maoist leader Prachanda. The deal allows the Maoists to take part in government, and places their weapons under UN monitoring.^[22]

January 2 is the second day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... March 14 is the 73rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (74th in leap years) with 292 days remaining in the year. ... April 5 is the 95th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (96th in leap years). ... Protestors take to the streets The 2006 democracy movement in Nepal (Nepali: Loktantra Andolan) is a name given to the ongoing political agitations against the rule of King Gyanendra of Nepal. ... April 6 is the 96th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (97th in leap years). ... April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... April 8 is the 98th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (99th in leap years). ... A curfew can be one of the following: An order by the government for certain persons to return home daily before a certain time. ... Kathmandu (Nepali: काठमाडौं, Nepal Bhasa:यें) is the capital city of Nepal and it is also the largest city in Nepal. ... April 9 is the 99th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (100th in leap years). ... Protestors take to the streets The 2006 democracy movement in Nepal (Nepali: Loktantra Andolan) is a name given to the ongoing political agitations against the rule of King Gyanendra of Nepal. ... The British Broadcasting Corporation, invariably known as the BBC (and also informally known as the Beeb or Auntie) is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world, employing 26,000 staff in the UK alone and with a budget of £4 billion. ... April 27 is the 117th day of the year (118th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 248 days remaining. ... The position of Prime Minister of Nepal was created in 1799. ... Girija Prasad Koirala at the UN Summit Girija Prasad Koirala (born 1921) is the Prime Minister of Nepal. ... == T.R.U.C.E == Teachers Resisting Unhealthy Childrens Entertainment. ... Protestors take to the streets The 2006 democracy movement in Nepal (Nepali: Loktantra Andolan) is a name given to the ongoing political agitations against the rule of King Gyanendra of Nepal. ... May 3 is the 123rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (124th in leap years). ... November 21 is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... The position of Prime Minister of Nepal was created in 1799. ... Girija Prasad Koirala at the UN Summit Girija Prasad Koirala (born 1921) is the Prime Minister of Nepal. ... The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) or CPN(M) is a Maoist political party founded in 1994 and led by Pushpa Kamal Dahal, otherwise known as Prachanda. ... Prachanda (Nepālī: प्रचण्ड pracaṇḍa, born Pushpa Kamal Dahal on December 11, 1954) is the leader of the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist). ...

See also

• Military of Nepal

Nepals military consists of an army of about 40,000 troops formerly organized into seven infantry brigades including a Royal Palace brigade. ...

Notes and references

2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 22 is the 326th day (327th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... June 13 is the 164th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (165th in leap years), with 201 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 22 is the 326th day (327th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... June 17 is the 168th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (169th in leap years), with 197 days remaining. ... The Revolutionary Communist Party, USA (RCP, USA), known originally as the Revolutionary Union, is a Maoist communist party formed in 1975 in the United States. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 22 is the 326th day (327th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... August 27 is the 239th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (240th in leap years), with 126 days remaining. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 22 is the 326th day (327th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... August 18 is the 230th day of the year (231st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... March 19 is the 78th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (79th in leap years). ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Scoop is a New Zealand internet news site with a readership averaging 110 000 Unique Browsers a week and 360 000 Unique Browers a month (audited by Nielsen NetRatings). ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... February 18 is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 22 is the 326th day (327th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Times of India logo The Times of India, often abbreviated as TOI, one of Indias leading daily newspapers, has the highest circulation amongst English language daily broadsheets in the world. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 20 is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 22 is the 326th day (327th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... BBC News Online logo The BBC News Website in February 2006. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 18 is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 22 is the 326th day (327th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 22 is the 326th day (327th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 22 is the 326th day (327th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 22 is the 326th day (327th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 22 is the 326th day (327th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 22 is the 326th day (327th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 22 is the 326th day (327th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs on Nepal's decade of Conflict
• Nepalnews.com - A commercial news website
• Nepal Maoists, live news feed
• IFEX: monitors attacks on journalists covering the civil war
• Insight on Conflict Peacebuilding database

News articles and press releases

• BBC Q&A on Conflict
• Strategypage: Military news about Nepal.
• AFP via Australian Broadcasting Corporation, More die in Nepol Maoist insurgency despite truce call, September 28, 2003.
• A World to Win! a communist website via The Human Rights Server.
• Alarming Development: India Intervenes in Nepal
• Guerrilla Atrocities