Neuroethology (from Greek - neuron meaning from nerves, ethos meaning trait or character, and logos meaning words or study) is the scientific study of animal behaviour with its base in neurology. The main disticntion between neuroethology and other branches or neuroscience is that neuroethology focuses on elucidating the neural mechanisms underlying natural behaviors. That is, behaviors that the animal would perform in the wild.

Some famous ethologists include Niko Tinbergen, Karl von Frisch and Konrad Lorenz.

See also Important publications in neurorthology