The Constitution of the State of New Jersey is the basic governing document of the State of New Jersey. A state of the United States is any one of the fifty subnational entities referred to as a state (although four officially favor the term commonwealth) which, along with the District of Columbia, under the provisions of the United States Constitution form the United States of America. ... Official language(s) None, English de facto Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Area  Ranked 47th  - Total 8,729 sq mi (22,608 km²)  - Width 70 miles (110 km)  - Length 150 miles (240 km)  - % water 14. ... Official language(s) None, English de facto Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Area  Ranked 47th  - Total 8,729 sq mi (22,608 km²)  - Width 70 miles (110 km)  - Length 150 miles (240 km)  - % water 14. ...

The Great Seal of the State of New Jersey.

In addition to three Royal Charters issued for East Jersey, West Jersey and the united New Jersey while a British colony, there have been three constitutions of New Jersey. One was issued in 1776 shortly after New Jersey signed the United States Declaration of Independence, one was issued in 1884, and the current constitution was issued in 1947. Image File history File links New_Jersey_state_seal. ... Image File history File links New_Jersey_state_seal. ... The Great Seal of the State of New Jersey includes: A shield with three plows emblazoned, representative of New Jerseys agricultural tradition. ... The original provinces of West and East New Jersey are shown in yellow and green respectively. ... The original provinces of West and East New Jersey are shown in yellow and green respectively. ... United States Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence is the document in which the Thirteen Colonies in North America declared themselves independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain and explained their justifications for doing so. ...

See also: History of the New Jersey State Consitution

The state constitution reinforces the basic rights found in the United States Constitution, but also has unique regulation, eg, the operation of casinos. // Originally, the state of New Jersey was a single British colony. ... The Syng inkstand, with which the Constitution was signed The United States Constitution is self-defined as the supreme law of the United States of America, along with laws made in pursuance of the Constitution, and treaties with foreign nations. ...

At approximately 25,500 words (including annotations), the New Jersey Constitution is approximately the average length of a state constitution in the United States, which is about 26,000 words. The United States Constitution is about 8,700 words long. In the context of the United States of America, a state constitution is the governing document of a U.S. state, comparable to the U.S. Constitution which is the governing document of the United States. ...

Defunct Versions

• The first constitution was adopted in 1776 and, amongst other things granted unmarried women and blacks who met property requirements the right to vote. It had no amending formula and had to be replaced entirely by a constitutional convention.
• The later constitution, adopted in 1844, revised the voting requirements to only white males, amongst other things.

Suffrage is the civil right to vote, or the exercise of that right. ... ...

Current constitution (1947)

1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ...

Preamble

We, the people of the State of New Jersey, grateful to Almighty God for the civil and religious liberty which He hath so long permitted us to enjoy, and looking to Him for a blessing upon our endeavors to secure and transmit the same unimpaired to succeeding generations, do ordain and establish this Constitution.

Article I

Article I, as is usual for constitutions, establishes the rights and freedoms inherent people and relevant operation of the government. The rights discussed in this Article largely mirror the Constitution of the United States. Such rights include freedom of speech, a speedy and public trial, and religious freedom.^[1] Article I also contains a Victims' Bill of Rights. ^[2] Page I of the Constitution of the United States of America Page II of the United States Constitution Page III of the United States Constitution Page IV of the United States Constitution The Syng inkstand, with which the Constitution was signed The Constitution of the United States is the supreme... The Victims Rights Amendment is a provision which has been included in some state constitutions, proposed for others, and additionally has been proposed for inclusion in the United States Constitution. ...

Article II

The New Jersey Districts as of 2001.

Article II lays out dates for elections of the Governor, the Lieutenant Governor, and members of the New Jersey Legislature. ^[3] It establishes the qualifications necessary for voting and states the right of suffrage may be removed from certain convicted criminals. The process of absentee balloting is instituted, as well as the structure of voting by people currently in military service. The New Jersey Redistricting Commission is established, and the distribution of selection of its 13 members is discussed, who are to represent the "geographic, ethnic and racial diversity" of the state. ^[4] The method of appointment ensures the party which lost the general election prior to the census will have the upper hand in redistricting the state. Along with the other appointed members, there is one "independent" member, who is to not have held office within the past five years. He is chosen by the other twelve members, yet is automatically the chairman of the Commission. On the occasion that the twelve members may not reach a decision, the Commission picks two (which assumes there are two dominant parties which have their favorites) and sends them to the New Jersey Supreme Court. A majority of the court (4 of 7) then picks the one that "by education and occupational experience, by prior public service in government or otherwise, and by demonstrated ability to represent the best interest of the people of this State". The article also deals with the details of the timing and location of the New Jersey Redistricting Commitee's meetings. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2048x2896, 655 KB) Summary New Jersey 109th congressional districts shaded by party. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2048x2896, 655 KB) Summary New Jersey 109th congressional districts shaded by party. ... A governor is a governing official, usually the executive (at least nominally, to different degrees also politically and administratively) of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the Head of state; furthermore the title applies to officials with a similar mandate as representatives of a chartered company which has... A Lieutenant Governor is a government official who is the subordinate or deputy of a Governor or Governor-General. ... The Legislature of New Jersey is the U.S. state of New Jerseys legislative branch, seated in the New Jersey State House at the states capital, Trenton. ... The New Jersey Redistricting Commission is a government organization. ... The current justices of the New Jersey Supreme Court. ...

Article III

The sole content of Article III is the statement regarding separation of powers. There are three branches, no one can be affiliated with more then one unless the Constitution explicitly allows it.^[5] Before the constitution was amended, a vacancy in the Governor of New Jersey would be filled by the president of the New Jersey Senate, who would retain their Senate seat). The separation of powers (or trias politica, a term coined by French political, enlightenment thinker Montesquieu) is a model for the governance of democratic states. ... The Governor of New Jersey is the chief executive of the U.S. state of New Jersey. ... The New Jersey Senate is the upper house of the New Jersey Legislature. ...

Article IV

Article IV establishes the bicameral New Jersey Legislature, composed of 40 in the Senate and 80 in the General Assembly, and their apportionment amongst the state.^[6] The Apportionment Commission is created within the Legislature to modify the proration of legislative districts on a rolling basis, following every United States Census. It also creates the requirements for office, and the roles of the Senate and General Assembly. This includes the judging of elections, the selection of officers, a journal of proceedings, and the inability to adjourn for a period of greater than three days without the consent of the other house. This article also allows the Legislature to appoint commissions, committees, and other bodies to help perform the functions of the Legislature. Regulations regarding members of the Legislature, including singularity of employment. This is the law that no senator or member of the General Assembly can hold any other Federal or State position, and also cannot be a judge. Further topics are discussed, including bills, agencies, subdivisions, and emergencies. A negative enumeration of legislative powers is included within the article. Among this list of powers denied are granting divorces, gambling (with obvious exceptions), and passing Omnibus acts.^[7] Although the phrase omnibus acts is never formally used in this document, the actual wording skirts around the phrase: The bicameral legislature of the United States is housed in a capitol building with two wings. ... The Legislature of New Jersey is the U.S. state of New Jerseys legislative branch, seated in the New Jersey State House at the states capital, Trenton. ... 1880 US Census of Hoboken, New Jersey The United States Census is mandated by the United States Constitution[1]. The population is enumerated every 10 years and the results are used to allocate Congressional seats (congressional apportionment), electoral votes, and government program funding. ... suvodip ... Parisian Omnibus, late Eighteenth / early nineteenth century Omnibus is a Latin word meaning for all (people) and has several meanings in standard English: bus, a vehicle for transporting large numbers of people Omnibus, a law which covers many different subjects, or has had many unrelated additions tacked onto it. ...

...to avoid improper influences which may result from intermixing in one and the same act such things as have no proper relation to each other...

Finally, an oath/affirmation is included that is required by members and officers of the Legislature before the person enters upon his/her duties. Image File history File links Cquote1. ... Image File history File links Cquote2. ... An oath (from Old Saxon eoth) is either a promise or a statement of fact calling upon something or someone that the oath maker considers sacred, usually a god, as a witness to the binding nature of the promise or the truth of the statement of fact. ... An affirmation (from Latin affirmare, to assert) is the declaration that something is true. ...

Article V

Jon Corzine, the current governor of the state of New Jersey

Article V instantiates the executive branch (constitutionally, only the office of governor.)^[8] It also creates the layout for terms of office, the succession of future governors, and the process of gubernatorial elections. The Governor is given total authority over clemency except in cases of impeachment. This is to bar him from pardonin his own impeachment, or disturbing cases of treason. His clemency powers extend to the ability to suspend and remit fines and forfeitures. A commission or other body may be established by law to aid and advise the Governor in the exercise of executive clemency. The system of granting parole is provided by law. The militia is created, or what is now the National Guard. Regulation regarding nominations and appointments of generals and flag offices is described. The executive and administrative offices, departments, and instrumentalities of the State government are placed under the supervision of the Governor. The Governor has the ability to appoint the Secretary of State and the Attorney General with the consent of the New Jersey Senate, though he also can appoint the Lieutenant Governor to serve as Secretary of State without consent of the Senate. ^[9] He can also start inquiries into the conduct of officers and employees. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (521x655, 60 KB) This work is a copyrighted publicity photograph. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (521x655, 60 KB) This work is a copyrighted publicity photograph. ... Jon Stevens Corzine (born January 1, 1947) is the current Democratic Governor of the state of New Jersey. ... Official language(s) None, English de facto Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Area  Ranked 47th  - Total 8,729 sq mi (22,608 km²)  - Width 70 miles (110 km)  - Length 150 miles (240 km)  - % water 14. ... A governor is a governing official, usually the executive (at least nominally, to different degrees also politically and administratively) of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the Head of state; furthermore the title applies to officials with a similar mandate as representatives of a chartered company which has... Succession is the act or process of pooing or of following in order or sequence. ... A pardon is the forgiveness of a crime and the penalty associated with it. ... Depiction of the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson, then President of the United States, in 1868. ... Seal of the National Guard Bureau Seal of the Army National Guard Seal of the Air National Guard Seal of the National Guard Missile Defense The United States National Guard is a component of the United States Army (the Army National Guard) and the United States Air Force (the Air... In several countries, Secretary of State is a senior government position. ... An attorney is someone who represents someone else in the transaction of business: For attorney-at-law, see lawyer, solicitor, barrister or civil law notary. ... The New Jersey Senate is the upper house of the New Jersey Legislature. ...

Article VI

Article VI creates the Judicial branch, and permits the establishment, alteration, and abolishment of any court other than the Supreme.^[10] The positions in the Supreme Court are described, as well as its ultimate and final authority following the Constitution. The Superior Court is also instantiated, along with the positions within, and the divisions of the court. The causes in which a case may be transferred to the Supreme Court are stated, as well as the causes a case in the Chancery or Law divisions may be carried to the Appellate division. The governor's right to appoint and nominate the judges of the Supreme Court, with the consent of the Senate and Associate Justices. He may also appoint and nominate, with the consent of the aforementioned authority figures, judges of the Inferior Courts whose jurisdiction is only within one municipality. The term of office of Justices and Judges are also described; their retirement age, and their pension are stated. Impeachment of Justices and Judges is also legalized, and their inabiling of powers until acquitted.^[11] The judges are also restricted to one public office and during their term, they may not practice law outside the federal government. The powers of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court are enumerated. Terms specifying costs of the facilities and materials used by the Justice Department are listed. The judiciary, also referred to as the judicature, consists of justices, judges and magistrates among other types of adjudicators. ... The supreme court in some countries, provinces, and states, functions as a court of last resort whose rulings cannot be challenged. ... Court of Chancery, London, early 19th century The Court of Chancery was one of the courts of equity in England and Wales. ... An appellate court is a court that hears cases in which a lower court -- either a trial court or a lower-level appellate court — has already made some decision, which at least one party to the action wants to challenge based upon some legal grounds that are allowed to... The United States federal courts are the system of courts organized under the Constitution and laws of the federal government of the United States. ... The Chief Justice in many countries is the name for the presiding member of a Supreme Court in Commonwealth- or other countries with an Anglosaxon type of justice, such as the Supreme Court of the United States, the Supreme Court of Canada, the Supreme Court of New Zealand, the Supreme...

Article VII

Phillip A. Carchman, J.A.D; current state officer.

Article VII involves the public officers and employees, including appointment/nomination, compensation, promotions, affirmations, and powers. The role of officers in the state government is discussed. Before the officer enters upon the duties of office, the officer must subscribe an oath.^[12] Appointments for officers is based upon merit, fitness, and examinations. Fees are paid to the New Jersey State Treasury. The term of office for an officer commences on the day of the date of their commissions. The Auditor is to be appointed by the New Jersey Senate and New Jersey General Assembly for five years. The rest of the section details the duties of the State Auditor. The nomination/appointment of county prosecutors, county clerks, surrogates, and sherrifs. County prosecutors are nominated and appointed by the Governor. The term of office for county clerks and surrogates is five years, and of sheriffs three years. Impeachment and the process by which impeachment occurs is discussed:^[13] Image File history File linksMetadata Carchman. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Carchman. ... An oath (from Old Saxon eoth) is either a promise or a statement of fact calling upon something or someone that the oath maker considers sacred, usually a god, as a witness to the binding nature of the promise or the truth of the statement of fact. ... To examine somebody or something is to inspect it closely, hence an examination is a detailed inspection or analysis of an object or person. ... The New Jersey State Auditor is a constitutional officer. ... The New Jersey Senate is the upper house of the New Jersey Legislature. ... The New Jersey General Assembly is the lower house of the New Jersey Legislature. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Surrogate (from Lat. ... Look up Sheriff in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Depiction of the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson, then President of the United States, in 1868. ...

No state employee may be impeached until they have served in office for two years. Following that, the impeachment process is very similar to that at the Federal level: an absolute majority in the lower house against them causes a trial to take place in the upper house with the Chief Justice presiding. Unlike the Federal process, the oath necessary to participate in the impeachment sessions is specified and requires the senators to "truly and impartially" address the charge as a reminder that they are exercising more judicial functions. Once there though, two thirds, or 27 votes, in favor will convict, however the President of the Senate is excluded from the trial, so the required percentage is slightly higher than two thirds of 40^[14]. Finally the maximum penalty that can be imposed is removal from office with disqualification to hold further state office. However the impeachment doesn't count towards the restriction on double jeopardy: after being convicted by the senate, a person could then be tried by the judiciary and punished further.^[15] If this crime was listed according to Article II, Section I, Item 7 the offender could then be disenfranchised. For example, a "party boss" manipulates a general election to get his candidate elected governor, who then appoints him to a sinecure. He's found out. The legislature impeaches him and removes him from office. After that he may or may not be indicted for electoral fraud and if convicted, but be significantly restricted from future involvement with politics. Double jeopardy (also called autrefois acquit meaning already acquitted) is a procedural defense (and, in many countries such as the United States, Canada, and India, a constitutional right) that forbids a defendant from being tried a second time for a crime, after having already been tried for the same crime. ... A sinecure (from Latin sine, without, and cura, care) means an office which requires or involves little or no responsibility, labour, or active service. ... Electoral fraud is the deliberate intentional interference with the process of an election. ...

Article VIII

In Article VIII, taxation is created. It states Legislature's duty to create laws "to provide the value of land", and the uniformity of these rules.^[16] Taxing of lands of agriculture is discussed, as well as taxation regulations regarding the re-use of agricultural land for different purposes. Tax exemption is legalized,^[17] as well as the continued tax exemptions carrying over from the previous constitution. Alteration or repeal of tax exemption is allowed, provided that the real or personal property is not used for "religious, educational, charitable or cemetery purposes, as defined by law, and owned by any corporation or association organized and conducted exclusively for one or more of such purposes and not operating for profit." Tax exemptions regarding the honorably discharged are discussed, as well as exemptions for senior citzens who live in apartments and may/may not be disabled. Pensions, disability, and retirement programs for federal railroad workers, or any state employees. Surviving spouses of deceased citzens, besides certain exceptions, are entitled to tax deductions. This article also restricts any citzen from receiving more than one tax deduction. Legislature's right to instantiating a homestead statue is discussed.^[18] General laws enacted by legislature which permit municiplalities to grant tax exemptions on buildings in blighted urban areas are legalized, with certain exceptions relating to the deduction's permanence. Income taxes are banned^[19] unless the revenue is placed into a specific perpetual fund, or if the taxee is receiving payments from the Federal Railroad Retirement Act, or similar. A military discharge is given when a member of the armed forces is released from their obligation to serve. ... Old age consists of ages nearing the average life span of human beings, and thus the end of the human life cycle. ... The Railroad Retirement Board (or RRB) was an agency of the United States government created in the 1930s which established a retirement benefit program for the countrys railroad workers. ... Blight is the name for any of a number of diseases affecting many species of plants. ...

The credit of the state is barred from being publicly or privately loaned.^[20] Any fiscal year plan which creates more than one percent debt and/or liabilities is banned.^[21] The voting on such plans in public elections is banned, as well as the creation of debt or liabilities "for purposes of war, or to repel invasion, or to suppress insurrection or to meet an emergency caused by disaster or act of God." Taxation of motor vehicle fuel, and the funds the moneys are deposited in are discussed; the appropriation of moneys from the Sales and Use Tax Act are defined. A council of local mandates is instantiated, and regulation regarding the appointment of the members for this body. Some moneys from the Corporate Business Tax Act are directed to the General Fund. The appropriation of moneys to the remediation of harzardous discharges and buildings that hold hazardous substances or public water supplies are discussed. A General Fund is created, as well as the distribution of moneys into and from it. The "clearance, replanning, development or redevelopment of blighted areas" are made a public and state duty.^[22] The redevelopment of any of these properties is permitted to be completed by municipal, public, or private corporations. The continuing of appropriation of moneys to the corporation that completes the redevelopment after its completion is banned. A free public school system is created, as well as a busing system.^[23] The appropriation of moneys into the public school system fund is legalized. The lands that are tidal or were within forty years ago are protected from riparian claims. Sales and use tax is refers to both: Sales Tax and Use Tax Category: ... Corporate tax refers to direct taxes charged by various jurisdictions on the profits made by companies or associations. ... A riparian zone schematic from the Everglades. ...

Article IX

Article IX involves making amendments to the New Jersey state constitution. All amendments are submitted through the Senate or General Assembly.^[24] The amendment is then voted upon by the houses, and if it is voted upon by at least three-fifths of the house, then the amendment is to be submitted to be voted upon by the people of New Jersey. If a majority votes for the amendment, the amendment is passed on the thirtieth day after the vote.

It also explains the amendments are submitted to the people: all amendments are to be voted upon separately.^[25]

Article X

Article X contains involves miscellaneous final addenda, termed as 'General Provisions'. Namely, the giving the name of the official seal of the state (The Great Seal of the State of New Jersey) and its custodian (The Governor), but doesn't give its design or mention the flag; the salutation and protocol in creating letters of grants and commissions;^[26] a requirement that criminal indictments be "against the peace of this State, the government and dignity of the same; technicality notice that generic words derived from "person" and pronouns be construed to mean females as well;^[27] and finally states that the constitution goes into effect the first day of 1948. The Great Seal of the State of New Jersey includes: A shield with three plows emblazoned, representative of New Jerseys agricultural tradition. ... In English law, the Queens peace (or Kings peace, when a male is on the throne) is the peaceful, violence-free state that the realm should endure in at all times. ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ...

Article XI - Schedule

Article XI, the schedule, is the list of amendments to the Constitution in order of their addition. Sections I through IV were adopted with the rest of the constitution, the others following after as individual amendments.^[28] Most of the text in these sections is the transitory text which provides how to move from the previous setup to the new one, with the relevant section of the constitution update at the same time to provide for the new process. As with the first part of most schedules of state constitutions, the first section of Article XI provides for the orderly adoption of the new constitution over the 1844 one. It officially supersedes the old one and orders the Legislature to pass all laws necessary to fully activate the new constitution.^[29]Existing instruments of government still have power unless they expired or are superseded, altered, or repealed and all contracts and judgements continue under the old constitution to prevent application as an ex post facto]law or violation of the Contract Clause, both prohibited by the Federal Constitution. 1st election of the first Legislature under the new Constitution is provided. Mostly it deals with how to set up the Senatorial terms and their rotation. It also provides that for the first new legislature, its members may be appointed to offices of government, likely new ones created at the behest of Article XI, Section I, Paragraph 2. Constitutional officers and civil and marshal office and commission holders are permitted to continue in office under the new constitution. The Court of Errors and Appeals and Chancery courts are abolished,^[30] transferring the cases before them and offices under them to other courts, such as the New Jersey Supreme Court, and sets term limits on the Justices (70 years old). The requirement of the Federal Supreme Court that the apportionment of all state legislatures be by population is stated. It mainly consists of an interim list of districts and the number of Senators they can elect until the next United States Census comes around and is received by the Governor. It also contains provisions for apportioning districts of the lower house by a 10 man board and how that board is to be appointed (5 each from the two biggest political party "State chairmen"). If it is deadlocked, the Chief Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court will appoint an 11th and then the vote is by absolute majority. It was passed on election day, 1966. This was superseded in 1995 by Article II, Section II above. Article XI abolishes and passes their cases of to be absorbed into the Superior Court(s). It took effect on December 7th, 1978. Section 7, the final section of this constitution, was passed in a referendum on November 8, 2005, came into force on January 17, 2006, and takes full effect at noon, January 19, 2010 (when the term of the governor or his successor elected in 2005 lapses). Its basic function is to create a Lieutenant Governor and modify the line of succession to include it. Most of the text of the amendment deals with the interim between the enaction date of the amendment and the date of the inauguration of the first Lieutenant Governor. The Contract Clause appears in the United States Constitution, Article I, section 10, clause 1. ... The Syng inkstand, with which the Constitution was signed The United States Constitution is self-defined as the supreme law of the United States of America, along with laws made in pursuance of the Constitution, and treaties with foreign nations. ... The Court of Errors and Appeals was the highest court in the U.S. state of New Jersey after the enactment of the states 1844 constitution. ... Court of Chancery, London, early 19th century The Court of Chancery was one of the courts of equity in England and Wales. ... The current justices of the New Jersey Supreme Court. ... The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C. The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C., (large image) The Supreme Court of the United States, located in Washington, D.C., is the highest court (see supreme court) in the United States; that is, it has ultimate judicial authority within the United States... 1880 US Census of Hoboken, New Jersey The United States Census is mandated by the United States Constitution[1]. The population is enumerated every 10 years and the results are used to allocate Congressional seats (congressional apportionment), electoral votes, and government program funding. ... The current justices of the New Jersey Supreme Court. ... December 7 is the 341st day (342nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... November 8 is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 53 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... January 17 is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Noon is the time exactly through the day, written 12:00 in the 24-hour clock and 12:00 noon in the 12-hour clock. ... January 19 is the 19th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the film, see 2010: The Year We Make Contact. ... A Lieutenant Governor is a government official who is the subordinate or deputy of a Governor or Governor-General. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

Prior to this amendment, if there was a prolonged vacancy in Drumthwacket the President of the Senate could legally exercise both legislative and executive powers for prolonged lengths of time, as Richard Codey did. It also codifies the succession process a little further, as previously the Attorney General was on the shortlist (See John Farmer Jr.). Drumthwacket is the official residence of the Governor of New Jersey and was built in 1835 by future Governor Charles S. Olden. ... Richard Codey, Governor of New Jersey Richard James Codey (born November 27, 1946 in Orange, New Jersey) is an American politician. ... John Farmer Jr. ...

Criticisms

New Jersey's consitution has always been criticized. As seen in during the time following Jim McGreevey's resignation, New Jersey was exposed as having a disorganized executive succession plan. Senate President Richard Codey assumed command, and since he legally held both positions, he had the most power of any governor in the country. The problem in the state constitution was and an amendment passed to removed the possiblilty of Executive and Legislative conflation. ^[31] The constitution is also censured for having a very powerful executive branch. ^[32] A state such as Alaska would have a viable reason for creating such a strong executive department, ie., to keep senators from declaring 'absentee' and mudding in the affairs of the state of Alaska.^[32]New Jersey has no such reason, some consider the two constitutions a signal of an emerging trend in government: a strong executive. The consititution denounced for its unorganized composure; ie, paragraphs traditionally in Article I^[33]- the banning of ex post facto laws, among others. James Edward Jim McGreevey (born August 6, 1957) is a United States Democratic politician. ... A resignation is the formal act of giving up ones office or position. ... Richard Codey, Governor of New Jersey Richard James Codey (born November 27, 1946 in Orange, New Jersey) is an American politician. ... Official language(s) English Capital Juneau Largest city Anchorage Area  Ranked 1st  - Total 663,267 sq mi (1,717,854 km²)  - Width 808 miles (1,300 km)  - Length 1,479 miles (2,380 km)  - % water 13. ... An ex post facto law (Latin for from a thing done afterward), also known as a retrospective law, is a law that is retroactive, i. ...

Notes

(1) Article XI, Section V, paragraphs 1, 2, 3, 4 added effective December 8, 1966. This section is a complete add-on. Article XI, Section VI, added effective December 7, 1978. The constitution states that they are adding a whole section more clearly here. Article XI, Section VII added effective January 17, 2006. Again, this one is clearly written so the reader knows the amendment was for a whole section.

(2) The law banning the passage of ex post facto laws is listed in Article IV, Section VII, Paragraph 2.

Sources

• New Jersey State Consitution.
• New Jersey Constitution of 1776

References

1. ^ Article I, Section 1; first entry, Paragraph 6; second entry, Paragraph 9; third entry, Paragraphs 3 and 4
2. ^ Article I, Section 1, Paragraph 22
3. ^ Article II, Section 1, Paragraphs 1 to 3
4. ^ Article II, Section 2
5. ^ Article III
6. ^ Article IV, Section 2
7. ^ Article IV, Section 7
8. ^ Article V, Section 1, Paragraph 1
9. ^ Article IV, Section 4, Paragraph 3
10. ^ Article VI, Sections 1 and 2
11. ^ Article VI, Section 5, Paragraph 4
12. ^ Article VII, Section 1, Paragraph 1
13. ^ Article VII, Section 3
14. ^ Article VII, Section 3, Paragraph 2
15. ^ Article VII, Section 3, Paragraph 3
16. ^ Article VIII, Section 1, Paragraph 1, (b)
17. ^ Article VIII, Section 1, Paragraph 2
18. ^ Article VIII, Section I, Paragraph 5
19. ^ Article VIII, Section I, Paragraph 7
20. ^ Article VIII, Section 1, Paragraph 1
21. ^ Article VIII, Section 1, Paragraph 2
22. ^ Article VIII, Section 3, Paragraph 1
23. ^ Article VIII, Section IV
24. ^ Article IX, Section 1, Paragraphs 1 and 2
25. ^ Article IX, Section 1, Paragraphs 4 and 5
26. ^ Article X (no existing section, as it is missing)
27. ^ Article X, Section 1, Paragraph 4
28. ^ See notes (1).
29. ^ Article X, Section 1, Paragraph 2
30. ^ Article X, Section 4, Paragraph 3
31. ^ New Jersey succession plan concentrates power.
32. ^ ^a b Alaska's Heralded Constitution.
33. ^ See notes (2).

External links

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

New Jersey Constitution of 1776

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

New Jersey Constitution of 1844

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

New Jersey Constitution of 1947

• The original (1776) Constitution
• The current Constitution on the State Legislature's site
• Historical versions of the NJ Constitution, and Proceedings of the 1947 NJ Constitutional Convention
• The New Jersey State Treasury Website

Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... The original Wikisource logo. ... Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... The original Wikisource logo. ... Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... The original Wikisource logo. ...