The western portion of New Mexico came from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, while the remainder of eastern New Mexico (from the Rio Grande to the present New Mexico-Texas border) was added as consequence of the Compromise of 1850. The Gadsden Purchase of 1853 added a smaller additional area to New Mexico Territory—the southernmost strip of Arizona and New Mexico.
The land contained in the original 1850 New Mexico Territory was the western portion of the future state, plus most of future Arizona (known as Santa Ana County), a small part of Colorado, and Nevada south of 36° 30' N. The Texan cession and the Gadsden Purchase expanded the territory greatly, but the establishment of Colorado Territory on February 28, 1861 and of Arizona Territory on February 24, 1863 (west of the 109th meridian) left New Mexico with its present boundaries.
NewMexico is centered on the Rio Grande valley, the historical center of Spanish settlement and conquest of the Pueblo people, Native American tribes who lived in small towns along the Rio Grande and nearby as at Acoma.
The eastern half of the territory became the State of NewMexico, which was admitted to the Union as its 47th member on January 6, 1912, the western half being admitted separately as the 48th state of Arizona on February 14, 1912.
According to the Census Bureau, as of the 2003, the population of NewMexico was 1,874,614.
The western portion of NewMexico came from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, while the remainder of eastern NewMexico (from the Rio Grande to the present New Mexico-Texas border) was added as consequence of the Compromise of 1850.
The land contained in the original 1850NewMexicoTerritory was the western portion of the future state, plus most of future Arizona (known as Santa Ana County), a small part of Colorado, and Nevada south of 36° 30' N.
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