The New Objectivity, or neue Sachlichkeit (new matter-of-factness), was an art movement which arose in Germany during the 1920s as an outgrowth of, and in opposition to, expressionism. It is thus post-expressionist. The term is applied to works of pictorial art, literature, music, and architecture. The end of New Objectivity is usually considered at the fall of the Weimar Republic when the National Socialists under Adolf Hitler seized power in March 1933. However, some of his painters continued to paint in the same style in exile, like Grosz and Beckmann. The Scream by Edvard Munch (1893) which inspired 20th century Expressionists Portrait of Eduard Kosmack by Egon Schiele Rehe im Walde by Franz Marc On White II by Wassily Kandinsky, 1923. ... Flag of Weimar Republic, 1919–1933 This article outlines political events from 1918 until the collapse of the Republic in 1933. ... The Nazi party used a right-facing swastika as their symbol and the red and black colors were said to represent Blut und Boden (blood and soil). ... (help· info) (April 20, 1889 – April 30, 1945) was Chancellor of Germany from 1933 and Führer (Leader) of Germany from 1934 until his death. ...

Franz Roh (1925) listed the differences between expressionism and post-expressionism such as New Objectivity: Franz Roh (1890 - 1965), German historian, photographer, and art critic. ...

(Kaes et al, 1994)

The New Objectivity is similar to neoclassicism, and compared to expressionism, realism. Painters include George Grosz, Otto Dix, Christian Schad, Adamson-Eric, Juhan Muks, and Max Beckmann. Composer Paul Hindemith may be considered both a New Objectivist and an expressionist, depending on the composition, throughout the 1920s. Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism or Neo-classicism) is the name given to quite distinct movements in the visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture. ... Realism is commonly defined as a concern for fact or reality and rejection of the impractical and visionary. ... George Grosz (July 26, 1893 - July 6, 1959) was a prominent member of the Berlin Dada and New Objectivity group. ... Otto Dix (December 2, 1891 - July 25, 1969) was a German expressionist and anti-war painter and a veteran of the First World War. ... Christian Schad (August 21, 1894 in Miesbach, Oberbayern - February 25, 1982) was a German painter associated with the New Objectivity movement. ... Adamson-Eric (August 18, 1902, Tartu, Estonia - December 2, 1968, Tallinn, Estonia) was an Estonian artist who worked mainly within the medium of painting in applied art. ... Juhan Muks (born: 1899 Tuhalaane, Viljandi County, Estonia - November 23, 1983, Viljandi County, Estonia) was an Estonian artist and painter. ... Max Beckmann. ... Paul Hindemith (first name pronounced pah-ool)(November 16, 1895 – December 28, 1963) was a German composer, violist, teacher, theorist and conductor. ...

Gustav Hartlaub coined the term in 1923 in his article "Introduction to 'New Objectivity': German Painting since Expressionism," intended to prepare the audience of an exhibit of art in the new movement. In the article, Hartlaub explained, “what we are displaying here is distinguished by the--in itself purely external--characteristics of the objectivity with which the artists express themselves." He identified two groups: the Verists, who "tear the objective form of the world of contemporary facts and projects current experience in its tempo and fevered temperature;" and the Magical Realists, who "search more for the object of timeless ability to embody the external laws of existence in the artistic sphere.” Karel Johan Gustav Hartlaub (November 8, 1814 - November 29, 1900) was a German physician and zoologist. ...

In architecture as in painting and literature, New Objectivity describes German work of the transitional years of the early 1920s in the Weimar culture. In particular, it describes the stripped-down, simplified building style of the Bauhaus, the urban planning and public housing projects of Bruno Taut and Ernst May like the Weissenhof settlement, and the industrialization of the household typified by the Frankfurt kitchen. An architect's job, they believed, was not to create a building that was beautiful for beauty's sake. Beauty would be inherent in a building designed to function efficiently. The Parthenon on top of the Acropolis, Athens, Greece Architecture (from Latin, architectura and ultimately from Greek, αρχιτεκτων, a master builder, from αρχι- chief, leader and τεκτων, builder, carpenter) is the art and science of designing buildings and structures. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with 1920s Berlin. ... Bauhaus (2003). ... Bruno Julius Florian Taut (May 4, 1880, Konigsberg, Germany - December 24, 1938, Istanbul), was a prolific German architect, urban planner and author active in the Weimar period. ... Ernst May (July 27, 1886, Frankfurt am Main—September 11, 1970, Hamburg) was a German architect and city planner. ... The Frankfurt kitchen (view from the entrance) The Frankfurt kitchen was a milestone in domestic architecture, considered the fore-runner of modern built-in kitchens, for it realised for the first time a kitchen built after a unified concept, designed to enable efficient work and to be built at low...

External links

• Neue Sachlichkeit (New Objectivity) Image Library
• Gallery with some typical paintings

Sources

• Albright, Daniel (2004). Modernism and Music: An Anthology of Sources. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226012670.
• Kaes et al., eds (1994). The Weimar Republic Sourcebook, p.493. Berkeley: University of California Press. Cited in Albright (2004).