Midtown Manhattan, looking north from the Empire State Building, 2005

New York City (officially named the City of New York) is the most populous city in the state of New York and the entire United States. It is at the center of international finance, politics, communications, music, fashion, and culture. New York City is among the world's most important global cities, as it is home to a nearly unrivaled collection of world-class museums, galleries, performance venues, media outlets, corporations, and the hundreds of international consulates associated with the United Nations, which has its headquarters in the city. Midtown Manhattan, looking north from the Empire State Building, 2005 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Midtown Manhattan, looking north from the Empire State Building, 2005 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... View of Midtown from Empire State Building. ... The Empire State Building lit up for Christmas (More images of the building) The Empire State Building The Empire State Building, a 102-story Art Deco building in New York City, was designed by Shreve, Lamb & Harmon Associates and built in 1930. ... State nickname: Empire State Other U.S. States Capital Albany Largest city New York Governor George Pataki Official languages None Area 141,205 km² (27th)  - Land 122,409 km²  - Water 18,795 km² (13. ... A world city, or a world-class city, is a city with a set of somewhat subjective traits which often include the following: International familiarity (or first-name familiarity – one would say Paris, not Paris, France). Active influence and participation in international events and world affairs (for example, New York... The term Consulate can refer to: the office or the period in office of a consul a diplomatic consulate the French Consulate which governed between 1799 and 1804 a brand of menthol cigarettes Consulate This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share... The United Nations, or UN, is an international organization made up of 191 states established in 1945. ...

New York City has a population of over 8 million people contained within 309 square miles (800 km²), including immigrants from over 180 countries who help make it one of the most cosmopolitan cities on earth. Many people from all over the United States are also attracted to New York City for its culture, energy, cosmopolitanism, and by their own hope of making it big in the "Big Apple". The Big Apple - Manhattan viewed from the World Trade Center The Big Apple is a nickname or alternate toponym for New York City. ...

New York City is comprised of five boroughs: Brooklyn, the Bronx, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island, each of which could be a major city in its own right. The city is at the heart of the New York Metropolitan Area, which, with over 22 million people, is one of the largest urban conglomerations in the world, and is the epicenter of both the Tri-State area and the BosWash megalopolis. For other meanings, see Brooklyn (disambiguation). ... The Bronx is one of the five boroughs of New York City in the United States. ... For other uses, see Manhattan (disambiguation). ... Queens is geographically the largest of the five boroughs of New York City in the United States, and the most ethnically diverse county in the U.S. It is coterminous with Queens County in the State of New York and is located on western Long Island. ... For other uses, see Staten Island (disambiguation) Staten Island, shown in an enhanced satellite image Staten Island is one of the five boroughs of New York City, located on an island of the same name on the west side of the Narrows at the entrance of New York Harbor. ... The metropolitan area of New York City, also called Greater New York or Greater New York City encompasses the New York--Northern New Jersey--Long Island, NY--NJ--CT--PA Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA). ... The epicenter or epicentre (ancient Greek: επίκεντρον) is the point on the Earths surface that is directly above or below the center of a localized explosive event or point of seismic energy release. ... The Tri-State Region or Tri-State Area is a colloquialism used by residents in and around a region in the United States where three states meet. ... The BosWash or Bosnywash megalopolis is the name for a group of metropolitan areas in the northeastern United States, extending from Boston to Washington and linked by economics, transport, and communications. ...

New York City serves as an enormous engine for the global economy, and is home to more Fortune 500 companies than anywhere else in the country. Its estimated gross metropolitan product of US$488.8 billion in 2003 was the largest of any city in the United States and the sixth largest if compared to any U.S. State. If it were a nation, the city would have the 16th highest gross domestic product in the world, exceeding that of Russia ($433 billion). The Fortune 500 is a ranking of the top 500 United States corporations as measured by gross revenue. ... 2003 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar, and also: The International Year of Freshwater The European Disability Year Events January January 1 - Luíz Inácio Lula Da Silva becomes the 37th President of Brazil. ... In economics, the gross domestic product (GDP) is a measure of the amount of the economic production of a particular territory in financial capital terms during a specific time period. ... The Russian Federation (Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция, transliteration: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya or Rossijskaja Federacija), or Russia (Russian: Росси́я, transliteration: Rossiya or Rossija), is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of eastern Europe and northern Asia. ...

City flag City seal
City nickname: "The Big Apple"
Location in the state of New York
Counties (Boroughs)	Bronx (The Bronx) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Kings (Brooklyn) Richmond (Staten Island)
Mayor	Michael Bloomberg
Area  - Land  - Water	1,214.4 km² 800.31 km² 414.09 km²
Population  - Total (2005)  - Density	21,766,731 (metropolitan area) 8,158,000 (city proper) 10,292/km²
Time zone  - summer (DST)	EST (UTC−5) EDT (UTC−4)
Latitude Longitude	40°47' N 73°58' W
Official website: City of New York (http://www.nyc.gov)

History of New York City

Main article: History of New York City

Long before the arrival of European settlers, the New York City area was inhabited by the Lenape people, including such tribes as the Manahattoes, Canarsies and Raritan; Lenape in canoes met Giovanni da Verrazzano, the first European explorer to enter New York Harbor, in 1524. Following the 1609 voyage of Henry Hudson, European settlement began with the founding of the fortified Dutch fur trading settlement of New Amsterdam (Nieuw Amsterdam) in the New Netherland colony on the southern tip of Manhattan in 1626. In that year, Peter Minuit established a long tradition of shrewd real estate investing when he purchased Manhattan Island and Staten Island from Algonquin tribesmen in exchange for trade goods (legend, now long disproved, has it that the island was purchased for $24 worth of glass beads). Minuit's settlement was also a haven for Huguenots seeking religious freedom. This article documents the history of New York City part of present day New York State. ... The Lenape or Lenni-Lenape (later named Delaware Indians by Europeans) were, in the 1600s, loosely organized bands of Native American people practicing small-scale agriculture to augment a largely mobile hunter-gatherer society in the region around the Delaware River, the lower Hudson River, and western Long Island Sound. ... The Raritan people were a tribe of Lenape Indians who inhabited the areas around the present Raritan Bay in northern New Jersey and Staten Island, New York. ... Canoe at El Nido, Philippines A canoe is a relatively small human-powered boat. ... Giovanni da Verrazano (his last name is also spelled Verrazzano) was born, on his familys castle, Castello Verrazzano, near Val di Greve, 30 miles south of Florence. ... New York Harbor is a geographic term that refers collectively to the bays and tidal estuaries near the mouth of the Hudson and adjacent rivers in the vicinity of New York City. ... Events March 1, 1524/5 - Giovanni da Verrazano lands near Cape Fear (approx. ... Events April 4 – King of Spain signs an edit of expulsion of all moriscos from Spain April 9 – Spain recognizes Dutch independence May 23 - Official ratification of the Second Charter of Virginia. ... . - Thomas A. Janvier, biographer of Henry Hudson. ... This article is about the Dutch United Provinces. ... The fur trade was a huge part in the early economic development of North America. ... This article is about the settlement in present-day New York City. ... New Netherland (Dutch Nieuw-Nederland, Latin: Nova Belgica) was the territory claimed by the Netherlands on the eastern coast of North America in the 17th century. ... Events September 30 - Nurhaci , chieftain of the Jurchens and founder of the Qing Dynasty dies and is succeeded by his son Hong Taiji. ... Peter Minuit (1580 - 1638), born in Wesel, Duchy of Cleves (present-day Germany), was the Director General of the Dutch colony of New Netherland from 1626 until 1633. ... This article is about the large number of peoples speaking Algonquian languages. ... In the 16th and 17th centuries, the name of Huguenots came to apply to members of the Protestant Reformed Church of France. ...

In 1664, English ships captured the city without struggle, and the Dutch formally ceded it to the English in the Treaty of Breda at the conclusion of the Second Anglo-Dutch War in 1667. The city was renamed New York, after James, Duke of York, and became a royal colony in 1685 when James succeeded his brother as King of England. Events March 12 - New Jersey becomes a colony of Britain. ... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area  - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 1st UK 49,138,831 377/km² Religion... The Treaty should not be confused with Charles IIs Declaration of Breda, 1660. ... The Royal Prince and other vessels at the Four Days Fight, 11–14 June 1666 by Abraham Storck depicts a battle of the Second Anglo-Dutch War. ... Events January 20 - Poland cedes Kyiv, Smolensk, and eastern Ukraine to Russia in the Treaty of Andrusovo that put a final end to the Deluge, and Poland lost its status as a Central European power. ... James VII and II King of England, Scotland and Ireland James II of England and VII of Scotland (14 October 1633–16 September 1701) became King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 6 February 1685. ... Events February 6 - James Stuart, Duke of York becomes King James II of England and Ireland and King James VII of Scotland. ... Charles II King of England, Scotland and Ireland Charles II (29 May 1630–6 February 1685) was the King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 30 January 1649 (de jure) or 29 May 1660 (de facto) until his death. ...

New York was greatly damaged by fire during the Battle of Brooklyn at the start of the American Revolutionary War, and was occupied by the British until November 25, 1783. On this date, marked annually thereafter as "Evacuation Day," George Washington returned to the city and the last British forces left the United States. On April 30, 1789 Washington was inaugurated as the first President of the United States at Federal Hall on Wall Street. The Continental Congress under the Articles of Confederation met there, and New York City remained the capital of the US until 1790.
The Battle Pass area, also known as Flatbush Pass in the area of Prospect Park and Green-Wood Cemetery. ... The American Revolutionary War ( 1775– 1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a war fought primarily between Great Britain and revolutionaries within thirteen of her North American colonies. ... Great Britain - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... November 25 is the 329th (in leap years the 330th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events February 3 - Spain recognizes United States independence. ... Order: 1st President Vice President: John Adams Term of office: April 30, 1789 – March 3, 1797 Preceded by: None Succeeded by: John Adams Date of birth: February 22, 1732 Place of birth: Westmoreland, Virginia Date of death: December 14, 1799 Place of death: Mount Vernon, Virginia First Lady: Martha Washington... April 30 is the 120th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (121st in leap years). ... 1789 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... View up Wall Street from Pearl Street Wall Street is the name of a narrow thoroughfare in lower Manhattan running east from Broadway downhill to the East River. ... The Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, commonly known as the Articles of Confederation, formed the first governing document of the United States of America. ... 1790 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

New York City and the East River, 1848

A worker helps raise the Empire State Building 25 floors higher than the Chrysler Building (seen to the right), completed just one year before, 1930

The World Trade Center on fire, September 11, 2001

Lower Manhattan, looking south from the Empire State Building, 2005

During the 19th century, the city was transformed by immigration, a visionary development proposal called the Commissioners' Plan of 1811, which expanded the city street grid to encompass all of Manhattan, and the opening of the Erie Canal, which connected the Atlantic port to the vast agricultural markets of the Mid-western United States and Canada in 1819. By 1835, New York City overtook Philadelphia as the largest city in the United States. Local politics became dominated by Tammany Hall, a Democratic Party political machine. New York City as seen from Williamsburg, 1848. ... New York City as seen from Williamsburg, 1848. ... This entry is about the East River in New York City. ... 1848 is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Alternate Photograph: image:Empire_state_by_hine. ... Alternate Photograph: image:Empire_state_by_hine. ... The Empire State Building lit up for Christmas (More images of the building) The Empire State Building The Empire State Building, a 102-story Art Deco building in New York City, was designed by Shreve, Lamb & Harmon Associates and built in 1930. ... Chrysler Building Completed in 1930, the Chrysler Building is a distinctive symbol of New York City, standing 1046 feet (319 meters) high on the east side of Manhattan at the intersection of 42nd Street and Lexington Avenue. ... 1930 is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... This work is copyrighted. ... This work is copyrighted. ... The twin towers, photographed from the west The World Trade Center in New York City was a complex of seven buildings around a central plaza, near the south end of Manhattan in the downtown financial district. ... September 11 is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years). ... 2001 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... South Manhattan. ... South Manhattan. ... Lower Manhattan describes the southernmost part of the island of Manhattan, the main island and center of business and government of the City of New York. ... The Empire State Building lit up for Christmas (More images of the building) The Empire State Building The Empire State Building, a 102-story Art Deco building in New York City, was designed by Shreve, Lamb & Harmon Associates and built in 1930. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... An 1807 version of the Commissioners Grid plan for Manhattan, a few years before it was adopted in 1811. ... The white section highlights the general area of the canal, with the actual canal shown in blue The Erie Canal (later replaced by the Barge Canal, and subsequently renamed to the Erie Canal) is a canal in New York State, United States, that runs from the Hudson River to Lake... Midwest States (United States of America, ND to OH) The Midwest is a common name for a region of the United States of America. ... Canada is a sovereign state in northern North America, the northern-most country in the world, and the second largest in total area. ... 1819 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1835 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... This article refers to the largest city of Pennsylvania. ... The Tammany Hall on 14th Street, New York City Tammany Hall was the name given to the Democratic Party political machine that dominated New York City politics from the mayoral victory of Fernando Wood in 1854 through the election of Fiorello LaGuardia in 1934. ... This article is about the system of organization called a political machine. ...

During the American Civil War (1861–1865), the city's strong commercial ties to the South, its growing immigrant population, and anger about conscription led to divided sympathy for both the Union and Confederacy, culminating in the Draft Riots of 1863, the worst civil unrest in American history. After the Civil War, the rate of immigration from Europe grew steeply, and New York became the first stop for millions seeking a new and better life in the United States, a role acknowledged by the dedication of the Statue of Liberty in 1886. The American Civil War was fought in the United States from 1861 until 1865 between the United States – forces coming mostly from the 23 northern states of the Union – and the newly-formed Confederate States of America, which consisted of 11 southern states that had declared their secession. ... 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ... 1865 is a common year starting on Sunday. ... The U.S. Southern states or The South, known during the American Civil War era as Dixie, is a distinctive region of the United States with its own unique historical perspective, customs, musical styles, and cuisine. ... Conscription is a general term for involuntary labor demanded by some established authority, e. ... National Motto Deo Vindice ( Latin: Under God our Vindicator) Official language English de facto nationwide Various European and Native American languages regionallyweeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Capital Montgomery, Alabama February 4, 1861– May 29, 1861 Richmond, Virginia May 29, 1861– April 9, 1865 Danville, Virginia April 3– April 10, 1865fo realllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll Largest city New... The New York Draft Riots of 1863 initially represented protests in response to President Abraham Lincolns Enrollment Act of Conscription to draft men to fight in the ongoing Civil War. ... 1863 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... Immigration is the act of moving to or settling in another country or region, temporarily or permanently. ... World map showing location of Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is geologically and geographically a peninsula, forming the westernmost part of Eurasia. ... Liberty Enlightening the World, commonly known as the Statue of Liberty, is a statue, given to the USA by France in the late 19th century, that stands at the mouth of the Hudson River in New York Harbor as a welcome to all: returning Americans, visitors, and immigrants alike. ... 1886 is a common year starting on Friday (click on link to calendar) Events January 18 _ Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England. ...

In two separate actions in 1874 and 1895, New York City (and New York County) annexed sections of southern Westchester County known as the Bronx. In 1898, New York City took the political form in which it exists to this day. Manhattan and the Bronx, though still one county, were established as two separate boroughs and joined together with three other boroughs created from parts of adjacent counties to form the new municipal government originally called "Greater New York". The Borough of Brooklyn incorporated the independent City of Brooklyn, recently joined to Manhattan by the Brooklyn Bridge, and several municipalities in eastern Kings County, New York; the Borough of Queens was created from western Queens County (with the remnant established as Nassau County in 1899); and The Borough of Staten Island contained all of Richmond County. All municipal (county, town and city) governments contained within the boroughs were abolished. In 1914, the New York State Legislature created Bronx county, making five counties coterminous with the five boroughs. Events January - April January 1 - New York City annexes The Bronx January 23 - Marriage of the Duke of Edinburgh, second son of Queen Victoria, to Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna of Russia, only daughter of Emperor Alexander III of Russia. ... 1895 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Annexation is the legal merging of some territory into another body. ... Westchester County is a suburban county with about 940,000 residents located in the U.S. state of New York. ... The Bronx is one of the five boroughs of New York City in the United States. ... 1898 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... A borough is a political division originally used in England. ... For other meanings, see Brooklyn (disambiguation). ... The Brooklyn Bridge (originally the New York and Brooklyn Bridge), one of the oldest suspension bridges in the United States, stretches 6016 feet (1834 m) over the East River from Manhattan to Brooklyn and was the first steel_wire suspension bridge in the world. ... For other meanings, see Brooklyn (disambiguation). ... Queens is geographically the largest of the five boroughs of New York City in the United States, and the most ethnically diverse county in the U.S. It is coterminous with Queens County in the State of New York and is located on western Long Island. ... There is also a Town of Nassau. ... 1899 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... For other uses, see Staten Island (disambiguation) Staten Island, shown in an enhanced satellite image Staten Island is one of the five boroughs of New York City, located on an island of the same name on the west side of the Narrows at the entrance of New York Harbor. ... 1914 is a common year starting on Thursday. ...

On June 15, 1904 over 1,000 people, mostly German Immigrants, were killed when the steamship General Slocum caught fire and burned in the East River; and on March 25, 1911 the Triangle Factory Fire in Greenwich Village took the lives of 145 female garment workers, which would eventually lead to great advancements in the city's fire department, building codes, and workplace regulations. June 15 is the 166th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (167th in leap years), with 199 days remaining. ... 1904 is a leap year starting on a Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Firefighters working to extinguish the General Slocum. ... This entry is about the East River in New York City. ... March 25 is the 84th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (85th in leap years). ... A database query syntax error has occurred. ... The Triangle Factory fire in New York City on March 25, 1911 was a major public-affairs crisis in the United States which led to improved working conditions for sweatshop workers as well as better fire inspections. ... Greenwich Village is a largely residential area on the west side of downtown (southern) Manhattan in New York City. ...

Throughout the first half of the 20th century, the city became a world center for industry, commerce, and communication. Interborough Rapid Transit (the first subway company) began operating in 1904, and the railroads operating out of Grand Central Station thrived. Despite the effects of the Great Depression, the 1930s saw the building of some of the world's tallest skyscrapers, including numerous Art-Deco masterpieces that are still part of the city's skyline today. Both before and after World War II, vast areas of the city were also reshaped by the rise of the bridges, parks and parkways of coordinator Robert Moses, the greatest proponent of automobile-centered modernist urbanism in America. (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... The Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) was the operator of the original New York Subway line that opened in 1904 and additional rapid transit lines in the City of New York. ... 1904 is a leap year starting on a Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... The clock in the Main Concourse © 2004 Metropolitan Transportation Authority Grand Central Terminal (often still called Grand Central Station, although technically that is the name of the nearby post office) is a train station at 15 Vanderbilt Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, New York, a borough of New York City, located... The Great Depression was a global economic slump that began in 1929 and bottomed in 1933. ... Events and trends Technology Jet engine invented Science Nuclear fission discovered by Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner and Fritz Strassmann Pluto, the ninth planet from the Sun, is discovered by Clyde Tombaugh British biologist Arthur Tansley coins term ecosystem War, peace and politics Socialists proclaim The death of Capitalism Rise to... Asheville City Hall. ... Robert Moses (December 18, 1888–July 29, 1981) was the master builder of 20th century New York City and its suburbs. ...

A post-World War II economic and residential boom was associated with returning veterans and immigration from Europe, and huge tracts of new housing were constructed in eastern Queens. In 1951, the United Nations relocated from its first headquarters in Flushing Meadows Park, Queens, to the East Side of Manhattan. Like many US cities, New York suffered population decline, an erosion of its industrial base, and race riots in the 1960s, and by the 1970s, the city had gained a reputation for being a crime-ridden relic of history. In 1975, the city government was on the brink of financial collapse and had to restructure its debt through the Municipal Assistance Corporation, headed by Felix Rohatyn. The city was also forced to accept increased scrutiny of its finances by an agency of New York State called the Financial Control Board. Global Metrics Human security Major Armed Conflicts: Total Deaths in Battle: 700,000 people Violent Deaths caused by Government (Other than War): Violent Deaths caused by other humans: Juvenile Violent Crime: Political security Nations Holding Multi-party Elections: Percentage Living under a Fully Democratic System of Governance: Free Countries: Percentage... The United Nations, or UN, is an international organization made up of 191 states established in 1945. ... Flushing Meadows Park is located in northern Queens, New York at the intersection of the Long Island Expressway and the Grand Central Parkway. ... Centuries: 19th century - 20th century - 21st century Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s - 1960s - 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s Years: 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 Events and trends The 1960s was a turbulent decade of change around the world. ... Events and trends Although in the United States and in many other Western societies the 1970s are often seen as a period of transition between the turbulent 1960s and the more conservative 1980s and 1990s, many of the trends that are associated widely with the Sixties, from the Sexual Revolution... 1975 was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1975 calendar). ... Felix G. Rohatyn (b. ... State nickname: Empire State Other U.S. States Capital Albany Largest city New York Governor George Pataki Official languages None Area 141,205 km² (27th)  - Land 122,409 km²  - Water 18,795 km² (13. ...

The 1980s saw a rebirth of Wall Street, and the city reclaimed its role at the center of the world-wide financial industry. In the 1990s, crime rates dropped drastically and the outflow of population turned around, as the city once again became the destination not only of immigrants from around the world, but of many U.S. citizens seeking to live a cosmopolitan lifestyle that only New York City can offer. In the late 1990s, the city benefitted disproportionately from the success of the financial services industry during the dot com boom, one of the factors in a decade of booming residential and commercial real estate value increases. Events and trends The 1980s marked an abrupt shift towards more conservative lifestyles after the momentous cultural revolutions which took place in the 1960s and 1970s and the definition of the AIDS virus in 1981. ... View up Wall Street from Pearl Street Wall Street is the name of a narrow thoroughfare in lower Manhattan running east from Broadway downhill to the East River. ... Events and trends Technology Explosive growth of the Internet; decrease in the cost of computers and other technology Reduction in size and cost of mobile phones leads to a massive surge in their popularity Year 2000 problem (commonly known as Y2K) Microsoft Windows operating system becomes virtually ubiquitous on IBM... Events and trends Technology Explosive growth of the Internet; decrease in the cost of computers and other technology Reduction in size and cost of mobile phones leads to a massive surge in their popularity Year 2000 problem (commonly known as Y2K) Microsoft Windows operating system becomes virtually ubiquitous on IBM... Dot-com (also dotcom or redundantly dot. ...

New York City was the site of the deadliest attack in national history on September 11, 2001 when nearly 3,000 people were killed by the terrorist strike on the World Trade Center, including New Yorkers employed in the buildings and hundreds of firemen, policemen, and rescue workers who came to their aid. Thick, acrid smoke continued to pour out of its ruins for months following the Twin Towers' fiery collapse. The city has since rebounded and the physical cleanup of Ground Zero was completed ahead of schedule. The Freedom Tower, intended to be the world's tallest skyscraper after its scheduled completion in 2009, is to be built on the site. The September 11, 2001 attacks were a series of coordinated terrorist attacks carried out in the United States on September 11, 2001. ... September 11 is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years). ... 2001 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The twin towers, photographed from the west The World Trade Center in New York City was a complex of seven buildings around a central plaza, near the south end of Manhattan in the downtown financial district. ... The Fire Department, City of New York (FDNY) has the responsibility of protecting the New York Citys five boroughs from fires and fire hazards, as well as preventing disasters like The Station nightclub fire in nearby Rhode Island, and the trampling deaths at an overcrowded building in Chicago. ... Ground zero is the exact location on the ground marking the detonation point of any bomb; in the case of a bomb designed to explode in the air, it refers to the point on the ground directly below the bomb at the moment of detonation. ... For the tower in Miami, see Freedom Tower (Miami) Artists depiction of the proposed Freedom Tower amidst the New York skyline at night. ... Taipei 101, the worlds tallest skyscraper by roof height on high rise. ... 2009 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Over the next ten years, the city expects a wave of public and private-sector building projects to reshape large sections of the city, and a residential construction boom has resulted in permits being issued for over 25,000 new residential units every year.

Boroughs and neighborhoods

Image of New York showing the five boroughs

Residents of the city often refer to the city itself as "the Five Boroughs," reserving the phrase "the City" for Manhattan, and referring to the other boroughs as "the Outer Boroughs." Those less familiar with the city often (incorrectly) think Manhattan is synonymous with New York City. Through the boroughs, there are hundreds of neighborhoods in the city, many with a definable history and character all their own. New York City, the Five Boroughs © 2004 Mathew Trump File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... New York City, the Five Boroughs © 2004 Mathew Trump File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The Five Boroughs of New York City The Five Boroughs is a colloquialism often used by residents of New York City to unambiguously refer to the city itself, as opposed to any particular borough or to the greater metropolitan area. ... Neighbourhood is also a term in topology. ...

Manhattan (New York County, pop. 1,564,798) is the business center of the city, and the most superlatively urban. It is the most densely populated, and the home of most of the city's skyscrapers. List of Manhattan neighborhoods For other uses, see Manhattan (disambiguation). ... Taipei 101, the worlds tallest skyscraper by roof height on high rise. ... This is a complete list of neighborhoods in Manhattan, one of five boroughs of New York City, stated in geographic order, moving from south to north: Lower Manhattan Financial District Civic Center (formerly Five Points) Battery Park City (office, shopping, and housing development) Lower East Side Chinatown Little Italy NoLIta...

The Bronx (Bronx County, pop. 1,363,198) is known as the purported birthplace of hip hop culture, as well as being the home of the New York Yankees. It is the only part of the city on the mainland. List of Bronx neighborhoods The Bronx is one of the five boroughs of New York City in the United States. ... Hip hop is a cultural movement that began amongst urban African American youth in New York and has since spread around the world. ... The New York Yankees are a Major League baseball team based in The Bronx, New York City. ... This is a list of neighborhoods in the Bronx, one of five boroughs of New York City. ...

Brooklyn (Kings County, pop. 2,472,523) is the most populous borough, with a strong native identity. It ranges from a business district downtown to large residential tracts in the central and south-eastern areas. List of Brooklyn neighborhoods For other meanings, see Brooklyn (disambiguation). ... These are the neighborhoods of Brooklyn, one of five boroughs of New York City. ...

Queens (Queens County, pop. 2,225,486) is the most diverse county in the U.S., with more immigrants than anywhere else. Geographically it is the largest of the boroughs, and the legacy of its old constituent towns is still evident. List of Queens neighborhoods Queens is geographically the largest of the five boroughs of New York City in the United States, and the most ethnically diverse county in the U.S. It is coterminous with Queens County in the State of New York and is located on western Long Island. ... Immigration is the act of moving to or settling in another country or region, temporarily or permanently. ... This is a list of neighborhoods in Queens, one of five boroughs of New York City. ...

Staten Island (Richmond County, pop. 459,737) is somewhat isolated and the most suburban in character of the five boroughs, but has become gradually more integrated into city life in recent decades, particularly since the opening of the Verrazano Narrows Bridge in 1964, an event that bred controversy and even a recent attempt at secession. List of Staten Island neighborhoods For other uses, see Staten Island (disambiguation) Staten Island, shown in an enhanced satellite image Staten Island is one of the five boroughs of New York City, located on an island of the same name on the west side of the Narrows at the entrance of New York Harbor. ... Illustration of the backyards of a surburban neighbourhood Suburbs are inhabited districts located either on the outer rim of a city or outside the official limits of a city (the term varies from country to country), or the outer elements of a conurbation. ... The Verrazano Narrows Bridge and Staten Island, New York at dawn The Verrazano Narrows Bridge (often written as the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge) is a suspension bridge that connects the boroughs of Staten Island and Brooklyn in New York City at the Narrows, the reach connecting the relatively protected upper bay... 1964 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... This is list of neighborhoods in Staten Island, one of five boroughs of New York City. ...

See also: Neighborhood rebranding in New York City Neighborhood rebranding in New York City has been a constant phenomenon for decades as real estate promoters, community groups and residents all sometimes rename communities to increase prestige and move away from an older negative reputation. ...

New York City government

Main Article: Government of New York City

New York's City Hall

New York City is governed pursuant to the New York City Charter, as amended. The charter is enacted and amended by the New York State legislature, and occasionally through referendum. Though subservient to the State of New York, the city enjoys a high degree of legislative and executive autonomy. Like most governmental entities in the United States, the city government is divided into executive, legislative and judicial branches. This article discusses the government of New York City. ... New Yorks City Hall File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... New Yorks City Hall File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Alternate use, see charter airline or bare-boat charter. ... A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ... Under the doctrine of the separation of powers, the executive is the branch of a government charged with implementing, or executing, the law. ... Chamber of the Estates-General, the Dutch legislature. ... The judiciary, also referred to as the judicature, consists of justices, judges and magistrates among other types of adjudicators. ...

The executive branch of New York City is headed by the Mayor, who is elected by direct popular vote. The mayor has executive authority over five divisions of city government as well as several independent government offices. The divisions, each comprising several city agencies and headed by an appointed Deputy Mayor, are: For a list of the Dutch Director-Generals who governed New Amsterdam (as New York City was called when it was a Dutch-run settlement) between 1624 and 1664, see: Director-General of New Netherland. ...

Legislative power in New York City is vested in a unicameral City Council, which contains 51 members, each representing a district of approximately 157,000 people. Council members are elected every four years, and the leader of the majority party is called the Speaker. Like most legislative bodies, the City Council is divided into committees which have oversight of various functions of the city government. Bills passed by a simple majority are sent to the mayor, who may sign it into law. If the mayor vetoes the bill, the Council has 30 days to override the veto by a two-thirds majority vote. Unicameralism is the practice of having only one legislative or parliamentary chamber. ...

Unlike the rest of New York State, New York City does not have typical county courts. Instead, there is a single Civil Court, with a presence in each borough and city-wide jurisdiction, and a Criminal Court for each New York City county which handles lesser criminal offenses and domestic violence cases, a responsibility shared with the Family Court. Unlike other counties in New York, judges for Family Courts in New York City are appointed for ten year terms by the mayor, instead of being elected. Domestic violence, by barest definition, is violence within a home. ...

Crime

Since 1991, New York City has seen a fifteen-year trend of decreasing crime and is now among the safest cities in America; many neighborhoods that were once considered dangerous are thriving with new businesses and housing, and many residents feel safe to walk the streets late at night. Violent crime in the city has dropped by 75% in the last twelve years and the murder rate in 2004 was at its lowest level in over forty years: there were 572 murders that year compared to 2,245 in 1990. Some feel that the implementation of COMPSTAT crime analysis by the New York Police Department in 1994 is responsible for the positive changes. New York City's crime rates vary by neighborhood and borough; Staten Island is the overall safest and Brooklyn and The Bronx have the highest crime rates. 1991 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2004 is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... COMPSTAT is a law enforcement strategy adopted by the New York Police Department in 1994, employing Geographic Information Systems to map crimes, identify hotspots and problems, and ultimately devise solutions. ... The New York City Police Department (NYPD) , the largest police department in the United States, has primary responsibility for law enforcement and investigation within the five boroughs of New York City. ...

New Yorkers are famous for doing things "bigger and better," and this sometimes applies to criminal activity: Organized crime has been associated with New York City since the early 20th Century, when legendary mobsters Arnold Rothstein, Meyer Lansky, and Lucky Luciano transformed it, although later decades are more famous for Mafia prosecutions (and prosecutors like Rudolph Giuliani) than for the influence of the Five Families. Organized crime is crime carried out systematically by formal criminal organizations. ... Organized crime is crime carried out systematically by formal criminal organizations. ... Arnold Rothstein (1882 - November 4, 1928) was a New York gambler widely reputed to have been behind the Black Sox scandal during the 1919 World Series. ... Meyer Lansky (born Majer Suchowliński, July 4, 1902 - January 15, 1983), was a gangster born in Grodno, then part of the Russian Empire but now in Belarus. ... Charles Luciano (11 November 1896- 26 January 1962), better known as Lucky Luciano, was a legendary mobster with a long criminal history. ... Rudolph William Louis Rudy Giuliani III, KBE (born May 28, 1944) served as the Mayor of New York City from January 1, 1994 through December 31, 2001. ... This article is about the organized crime groups. ...

Another notorious crime story is the serial killings by the "Son of Sam", who on July 29, 1976 began a series of attacks that terrorized the city for the next year. David Falco Berkowitz (born June 1, 1953), better known by his nickname Son of Sam, is an infamous 1970s New York City serial killer who killed six people and wounded several others. ... July 29 is the 210th day (211th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 155 days remaining. ... 1976 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ...

For New York City crime Statistics see http://www.nyc.gov/html/nypd/html/pct/cspdf.html.

See also: Timeline of New York City crimes The following is a timeline of New York City crimes and disasters. ...

Geography and climate

Terra (satellite) view of New York City

Central Park in Manhattan looking south, February 2005, when the Christo installation The Gates was on display in the park (orange "gates" visible in photo)

• 40° 42′ 51″ N 74° 0′ 23″ W (http://kvaleberg.com/extensions/mapsources/index.php?params=40_42_51_N_74_0_23_W_)

New York City is sited among an archipelago of islands astride the Atlantic Ocean off the Eastern Seaboard of North America, surrounding the fine New York Harbor, which was the very reason for the city's founding. The city itself has been built on the three major islands of Manhattan, Staten Island, and on western Long Island (Brooklyn and Queens), as well as on the mainland in the Bronx. There are also some smaller islands in the surrounding waters. Download high resolution version (600x796, 163 KB)This false-color satellite image shows Greater New York City. ... Download high resolution version (600x796, 163 KB)This false-color satellite image shows Greater New York City. ... Terra (EOS AM-1) is a multi-national NASA scientific research satellite in orbit around the Earth. ... Download high resolution version (2035x1667, 1626 KB)Photo from a plane taken of Central Park, NYC by User:RoySmith, who has given permission to crop it and upload it. ... Download high resolution version (2035x1667, 1626 KB)Photo from a plane taken of Central Park, NYC by User:RoySmith, who has given permission to crop it and upload it. ... At Bethesda Terrace: formal stairs and a viewing platform for a naturalistic panorama beyond the Lake. ... Christo Yavasheff (born June 13, 1935) is an artist popularly known as Christo. ... A section of the Gates between the Great Lawn oval and the 86th Street Transverse (Feb. ... An archipelago is a landform which consists of a chain or cluster of islands. ... A small island in the Adriatic sea An island is any piece of land smaller than a continent and larger than a rock, that is completely surrounded by water. ... The Atlantic Ocean is Earths second-largest ocean, covering approximately one-fifth of its surface. ... Categories: US geography stubs ... World map showing location of North America A satellite composite image of North America North America is the third largest continent in area and in population after Eurasia and Africa. ... New York Harbor is a geographic term that refers collectively to the bays and tidal estuaries near the mouth of the Hudson and adjacent rivers in the vicinity of New York City. ... This article is about Long Island in New York State. ... This article is about the geomorphological/geopolitical term; Mainland is also a brand from Fonterra. ...

The Hudson River, sometimes known in the city as the North River, flows from the Hudson Valley into New York Bay, becoming a tidal estuary that separates the Bronx and Manhattan from New Jersey. The East River, really a tidal strait, stretches from the Long Island Sound to New York Bay, separating the Bronx and Manhattan from Long Island. Image of the Hudson River taken by NASA. View of the Hudson River in 1880s showing Jersey City View of the Hudson River from Battery Park, New York The Goldman Sachs Tower looms above the skyline of downtown Jersey City, New Jersey, overlooking the Hudson River. ... This article refers to the North River, the lower section of the Hudson. ... The Hudson Valley refers to the canyon of the Hudson River and its adjacent communities in New York State, generally from northern Westchester County northward to the city of Albany. ... New York Bay is the collective term for the marine areas surrounding the entrance of the Hudson River into the Atlantic Ocean. ... This article is about tides in the ocean. ... Estuaries and coastal waters are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth, providing numerous ecological, economic, cultural, and aesthetic benefits and services. ... State nickname: The Garden State Other U.S. States Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Governor Richard Codey Official languages None defined Area 22,608 km² (47th)  - Land 19,231 km²  - Water 3,378 km² (14. ... This entry is about the East River in New York City. ... Simplified diagram A strait is a narrow channel of water that connects two larger bodies of water, and thus lies between two land masses. ... Long Island Sound near Guilford, Connecticut Long Island Sound is an estuary of the Atlantic Ocean and various rivers in the United States. ...

Upper New York Bay is surrounded by Manhattan, Brooklyn, Staten Island, and the coast of New Jersey, and is connected by the Narrows between Brooklyn and Staten Island to Lower New York Bay, which is partially surrounded by Brooklyn, Staten Island, and the coast of New Jersey, and opens to the Atlantic Ocean. Upper New York Bay, sometimes called Upper New York Harbor or the Upper Bay, is the northern area of New York Harbor inside the Narrows. ... New York Harbor, as seen in a TERRA satellite image. ... Lower New York Bay is the section of New York Bay outside of the Narrows and open directly to the Atlantic Ocean. ...

The shape of the land has been altered substantially by human intervention, with considerable land reclamation along the waterfronts since Dutch times, most dramatically in Lower Manhattan, and continuing in modern developments like Battery Park City. Much of the natural variations in topography have been evened out, particularly in Manhattan. A number of smaller islands have been artificially enlarged, and the map of islands in Jamaica Bay has been completely transformed. Land reclamation is either of two distinct practices. ... Lower Manhattan describes the southernmost part of the island of Manhattan, the main island and center of business and government of the City of New York. ... Battery Park City is a 90 acre (0. ... Before Mexico City, Tenochtitlan was an artificial island of 250,000 (Dr Atl) Dejima, not allowed direct contact with nearby island that has been formed by human, rather than natural means. ... Jamaica Bay is a bay that lies in the shadow of New York Citys skyscrapers and is adjacent to one of the nations busiest airports. ...

New York has a humid continental climate, and being adjacent to water suffers less temperature fluctuation than inland areas. New York winters are typically cold, and sometimes feature snowstorms that can paralyze the city with over a foot (30 cm) of snow. Springs are mild, averaging in the 50s (degrees Fahrenheit, 10–15 degrees Celsius) in late March to the lower 80s °F (25–30 °C) in early June. Summers in New York are hot and humid, with temperatures commonly exceeding 90 °F (32 °C), although usually below 100 °F (38 °C). Autumns are comfortable in New York, however, the weather is notably unpredictable, with mild, almost snowless winters and chilly summers an occasional surprise, and huge snowstorms arriving as late as the second week in April. Travelers are advised to check forecasts and bring several layers of clothing in late fall and in the early spring months (e.g., November, March, April). The humid continental climate is found over large areas of land masses in the temperate regions of the mid latitudes where there is a zone of conflict between polar and tropical air masses. ...

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1,214.4 km² (468.9 mi²). 785.6 km² (303.3 mi²) of it is land and 428.8 km² (165.6 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 35.31% water. Although most of the city is adequately above sea level, parts of it could be threatened in the future if the current patterns of global warming continue. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... This article is about the unit of measure. ...

See also: Geography of New York Harbor

This article provides an index of natural geographic features of the extended area of New York Harbor. ...

Demographics

A typically diverse group of New Yorkers on Fifth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan.

Main article: Demographics of New York City

As of the census² of 2000, there are 8,008,278 people, 3,021,588 households, and 1,852,233 families residing in the city. The population density is 10,194.2/km² (26,402.9/mi²). There are 3,200,912 housing units at an average density of 4,074.6/km² (10,553.2/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 44.66% White, 26.59% Black or African American, 0.52% Native American, 9.83% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 13.42% from other races, and 4.92% from two or more races. 26.98% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. 35.9% of the population is foreign born (18.9% born in Latin America, 8.6% Asia, 7.0% Europe). Fifth Avenue in Midtown, New York City crowd, mid-December 2004. ... Fifth Avenue in Midtown, New York City crowd, mid-December 2004. ... Street sign at Fifth Avenue and East 57th street Fifth Avenue is a major thoroughfare in New York City. ... View of Midtown from Empire State Building. ... New York City is one of the most ethnically diverse cities in the world, and has a long history of absorbing immigrants from nations all over the globe. ... A census is the process of obtaining information about every member of a population (not necessarily a human population). ... Shortcut: {{GR|#}} {{Cite:GR|#}} The following is a list of sources used in the creation of Wikipedia articles on various geographic topics and locations, such as cities, counties, states, and countries. ... 2000 is a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Population density can be used as a measurement of any tangible item. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federa