One of the New York Journal's most infamous cartoons, depicting Philippine-American War General Jacob H. Smith's order "Kill Everyone over Ten," from the front page on May 5, 1902.

The New York Journal American was a newspaper published from 1937 to 1966. The Journal American was the product of a merger between two New York newspapers owned by William Randolph Hearst: The New York American (originally the New York Journal, renamed American in 1901, published by Hearst 1895-1937), a morning paper, and the New York Evening Journal, an afternoon paper, published 1895-1937. The Journal-American was an afternoon publication. It was at this newspaper that the phrase "Bulldog Edition" was coined: in 1905, Hearst urged his editors to write headlines that would "bite the public like a bulldog." Hearst, the privileged and entitled son of a wealthy mining tycoon, was already established in the newspaper business in San Francisco and ventured to New York to expand his empire. Image File history File links Phillipines. ... Image File history File links Phillipines. ... The New York Journal American was a newspaper purchased by William Randolph Hearst in 1895 (at the time called the New York Morning Journal, then the New York Journal). ... Combatants United States Philippines Commanders William McKinley Theodore Roosevelt Emilio Aguinaldo Strength 126,000 soldiers 80,000 soldiers Casualties 4,324 U.S. soldiers dead, 3,000 wounded 2,000 killed, dead, or wounded suffered by the Philippine Constabulary 16,000 soldiers killed est. ... General Jacob Hurd Smith (1840-March 1, 1918) was a controversial United States Army officer best known for an incident in the Philippine-American War, when he served as a Colonel under General J. Franklin Bell in Batangas. ... is the 125th day of the year (126th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... For other people named William Randolph Hearst, see William Randolph Hearst (disambiguation) William Randolph Hearst I (April 29, 1863 – August 14, 1951) was an American newspaper magnate. ... Bulldog edition refers to the earliest edition of a newspaper. ... Chuquicamata, the second largest open pit copper mine in the world, Chile. ... A business magnate, sometimes referred to as a mogul, tycoon, or industrialist is a person who controls a large portion of a particular industry and whose wealth derives primarily from this control. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... “NY” redirects here. ...

Having purchased the newspaper, Hearst entered into a circulation war with the New York World, the newspaper run by his former mentor Joseph Pulitzer and from whom he stole both George McManus and Richard F. Outcault. In 1913, McManus created his Bringing Up Father comic strip, and Outcault brought his comic strip "The Yellow Kid" to the New York Journal. This was one of the first comic strips to be printed in color and gave rise to the phrase yellow journalism, used to describe the sensationalist and often dishonest articles, which helped, along with a one-cent price tag, to greatly increase circulation of the newspaper. Many believed that as part of this, aside from any nationalistic sentiment, Hearst may have helped to initiate the Spanish-American War of 1898 to increase sales. The New York World was a newspaper published in New York from 1860 until 1931. ... Joseph Pulitzer Joseph Pulitzer (April 18, 1847 – October 29, 1911) was a Hungarian-American publisher best known for posthumously establishing the Pulitzer Prizes and (along with William Randolph Hearst) for originating yellow journalism. ... George McManus (January 23, 1884 - October 22, 1954) is an American cartoonist best known as the creator of the Maggie and Jiggs characters in his syndicated comic strip, Bringing up Father. ... Richard Felton Outcault (January 14, 1863-September 25, 1928) was an American comic strip scriptwriter, sketcher and painter. ... Bringing Up Father was a comic strip created by George McManus that ran from January 12, 1913 to May 28, 2000. ... This article is about the comic strip, the sequential art form as published in newspapers and on the Internet. ... The Yellow Kid Mickey Dugan, better known as The Yellow Kid, was the lead character in Hogans Alley, the first comic strip and the first to be printed in color in mass production. ... Nasty little printers devils spew forth from the Hoe press in this Puck cartoon of Nov. ... Combatants United States Republic of Cuba Philippine Republic Spain Commanders Nelson A. Miles William R. Shafter George Dewey Máximo Gómez Emilio Aguinaldo Patricio Montojo Pascual Cervera Arsenio Linares Ramón Blanco Casualties 3,289 U.S. dead (432 from combat); considerably higher although undetermined Cuban and Filipino casualties...

Rube Goldberg was a later cartoonist with the Journal-American. Popular columnists were O.O. McIntyre, Dorothy Kilgallen and Jimmy Cannon, one of the highest paid sports columnists in the country. Beginning in 1938, Max Kase (1898-1974) was the sports editor for 28 years, ^[1] and the fashion editor was Robin Chandler Duke. ^[2] Rube Goldberg Reuben Garret L. Goldberg (July 4, 1883 - December 7, 1970) was an American cartoonist. ... Portrait of O.O. McIntyre by Jim McDermott. ... Dorothy Mae Kilgallen (July 3, 1913 – November 8, 1965) was an Irish-American journalist and television game show panelist, perhaps best known nationally for her coverage of the Sam Sheppard trial, her syndicated newspaper column, The Voice of Broadway, and her role as panelist on the television game show What... Jimmy Cannon (born 1910 - December 5, 1973) was a sports journalist. ...

The newspaper had one of the highest circulations in New York in the 1950s but had difficulties attracting advertising. ^[3] Subscribers and newsstand customers had no reason to doubt that the paper had survived admirably the 1951 death of William Randolph Hearst Sr. (Washingtonians, on the other hand, knew all too well that Hearst's death was a major factor in the 1954 merger of Hearst's Washington Times-Herald with the Washington Post.) Although the Journal-American continued to operate out of a decrepit building on Manhattan's Lower East Side using ancient printing presses, its layout remained snazzy. The masthead often was adorned with red ink. The newspaper devoted much space to the Beatles, enlisting Dr. Joyce Brothers to write front-page articles in 1964 that analyzed their fast rise to superstardom. While the Fab Four worked on the production of Help! (film) on the island of New Providence in the Bahamas the following year, the acclaimed syndicated columnist Phyllis Battelle interviewed them for articles that ran exclusively on the Journal-American front page for four consecutive days. ^[4] On one of the four days, editors highlighted a quote from Ringo Starr about the stupidity of fans deciding to smoke and drink in order to imitate his habits and those of his bandmates. (His comment does not appear to have been reprinted in Rolling Stone (magazine) or in any of the expensive coffee-table books on the Beatles.) The Washington Times-Herald was an American daily newspaper once published in Washington, D.C.. The Times-Herald was created by the 1939 merger of two former Hearst dailies, the Times (not to be confused with the current Washington Times) and the Herald. ... ... The Beatles appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show in 1964 as part of their first tour of the United States, promoting their first hit single there, I Want To Hold Your Hand. ... Doctor Joyce Brothers was born in 1928, and is one of the leading family psychologists and advice columnists, publishing a daily syndicated newspaper column since 1960. ... Help! is a 1965 film starring the The Beatles and featuring Leo McKern, Eleanor Bron, Victor Spinetti, John Bluthal and Roy Kinnear. ... Richard Starkey Jr, MBE (born 7 July 1940), known by his stage name Ringo Starr, is an English musician, singer, songwriter and actor, best known as the drummer of The Beatles. ... This article is about the music magazine. ...

The Journal-American's apparent adjustment to changing times (including excellent coverage of the increasingly violent Harlem, Bronx, Brooklyn and suburban Newark, NJ -- crimes that were often ignored by the New York Times) diverted the attention of millions away from the internal struggles, advertising deficits and budget problems that were killing the paper. The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ...

During this period of "decline" in the mid 1960s, many New Yorkers believed the Journal-American still had the best Sunday comics and the best results from horse races at Aqueduct and other New York - area tracks where gambling was popular.

Besides trouble with advertisers, another major factor that led to the paper's demise was a power struggle between a Hearst executive named Richard Berlin and two of William Randolph Hearst's sons, who had trouble carrying on the father's legacy after his 1951 death. The son known as "Bill" Hearst claimed in 1991 that Berlin, who died in 1971, had suffered from Alzheimers Disease starting in the mid 1960s and that this caused him to shut down several Hearst newspapers without just cause. ^[5]

The Journal American ceased publishing in April of 1966, officially the victim of a general decline in the revenue of afternoon newspapers in the face of increasing competition from Walter Cronkite and other television newscasters who went on the air live in the evening. Walter Leland Cronkite, Jr. ...

While participating in a lock-out after the New York Times and New York Daily News had been struck by a union, the Journal-American agreed to merge with its evening rival, the New York World-Telegram and Sun, and the morning New York Herald-Tribune. The combined New York World Journal Tribune did not start until several months after the April 1966 expiration of its three components. Its publisher announced that time was needed to sharpen its layout and contents. Those efforts were in vain. After the World Journal Tribune finally went on sale on September 12, 1966, it folded after eight months. The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The New York World-Telegram was formed by the 1931 merger of the New York World, formerly owned by Joseph Pulitzer and sold to Scripps Howard in 1930, and the Evening Telegram. ... The New York Herald Tribune was a newspaper created in 1922 when the New York Tribune acquired the New York Herald. ... The New York World Journal Tribune was a newspaper that grew out of an attempt to save several historic New York City newspapers by a merger in 1966. ...

Other evening newspapers that expired following the rise of network news in the 1960s donated their clipping files and many darkroom prints of published photographs to libraries. The Hearst Corporation, however, decided to donate only the "basic back-copy morgue" of the Journal - American to the University of Texas at Austin. ^[6] Everything else, including office memorandums, letters from celebrities, photographs, clipping files and indexes, was shredded in 1966. ^[7] If a researcher wants to read a particular item or article published by star reporters Bob Considine or Dorothy Kilgallen or by columnists Walter Winchell or Westbrook Pegler, he/she must know which date to find in the microfilmed edition. The newspaper was famous for its many photographs that were credited as "Journal-American Photo," (such as a 1952 enlargement of an elderly white woman being escorted by two police officers out of her building at 225 West 106th Street in Manhattan because she had attemped suicide with pills), but they exist only on microfilm, and no index is available. The Hearst Corporation is a large privately-held media conglomerate based in New York City. ... University of Texas redirects here. ... Dorothy Mae Kilgallen (July 3, 1913 – November 8, 1965) was an Irish-American journalist and television game show panelist, perhaps best known nationally for her coverage of the Sam Sheppard trial, her syndicated newspaper column, The Voice of Broadway, and her role as panelist on the television game show What... Walter Winchell (April 7, 1897 – February 20, 1972), an American newspaper and radio commentator, invented the gossip column at the New York Evening Graphic. ... Westbrook Pegler (2 August 1894 - 24 June 1969) was a United States journalist and writer. ...

Pete Hamill has portrayed the New York Journal American negatively in books about the New York of his youth and on the 1997 acclaimed television documentary David Halberstam's The Fifties broadcast on the A&E Network and available on VHS cassette. Hamill emphasizes the paper's vicious anti-communist stance during the McCarthy Era and its large headlines screaming about the dangers of "red" countries. Appropriately, a few Amazon.com reviewers have praised Halberstam's program for its rare film footage but slammed it for a left-wing approach to every 1950s phenomenon that it covers. Pete Hamill Pete Hamill (born June 24, 1935) is a prominent American journalist, novelist, and short story writer. ... Biography is one of A&Es longest-running and most popular programs. ... McCarthyism, named after Joseph McCarthy, was a period of intense anticommunism, also (popularly) known as the (second) Red Scare, which occurred in the United States from 1948 to about 1956 (or later), when the government of the United States was actively engaged in suppression of the Communist Party USA, its...

Reference

External link

• Guide to an Archived Collection of the Journal-American