New York and New Jersey campaigns
Part of the American Revolutionary War
Washington's retreat from New York October–December 1776 and the Battle of Long Island August 27, 1776.]]
Date: 1776–1777 Location: New York and New Jersey Result: British gain control of New York; U.S. lose and then regain control of New Jersey
Combatants
United States	Kingdom of Great Britain
Commanders
George Washington	Sir William Howe Lord Cornwallis

The New York and New Jersey campaigns were important early events in the American Revolutionary War. Beginning with the British landing on Staten Island on July 3, 1776, British forces gained control of New York City and its surroundings. Combatants American Revolutionaries, France, Netherlands, Spain, Native Americans British Empire, German mercenaries, Native Americans Commanders George Washington Comte de Rochambeau Nathanael Greene William Howe Henry Clinton Charles Cornwallis The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was the military component of the American Revolution. ... George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799) was the successful Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War from 1775 to 1783, and later became the first Elected President of the United States, an office to which he was elected, unanimously, twice and remained in... Combatants United States Britain Commanders Lieutenant General George Washington, Major General Israel Putnam Lieutenant General Sir William Howe, Major Generals Charles Cornwallis, Henry Clinton Strength 11,000-13,000 (about 10,000 of which were militia ) 22,000 (including 9,000 Hessian mercenaries) Casualties 312 dead, 1407 wounded, captured or... Births 1407 - Ashikaga Yoshikazu, Japanese shogun (d. ... This article is about the year 1776. ... Official language(s) None, English de facto Capital Albany Largest city New York City Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 27th 141,205 km² 455 km 530 km 13. ... Official language(s) None defined, English de facto Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 47th 22,608 km² 110 km 240 km 14. ... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right)1 Capital London Head of State King of Great Britain Head of Government Prime Minister Parliament House of Commons, House of Lords This article is about the historical state called the Kingdom of Great Britain (1707-1800). ... George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799) was the successful Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War from 1775 to 1783, and later became the first Elected President of the United States, an office to which he was elected, unanimously, twice and remained in... For the surrealist painter, see William Howe (painter). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Combatants United States Britain Commanders Lieutenant General George Washington, Major General Israel Putnam Lieutenant General Sir William Howe, Major Generals Charles Cornwallis, Henry Clinton Strength 11,000-13,000 (about 10,000 of which were militia ) 22,000 (including 9,000 Hessian mercenaries) Casualties 312 dead, 1407 wounded, captured or... The Landing at Kips Bay was a British maneuver during the New York Campaign in the American Revolutionary War. ... The Battle of Harlem Heights was a skirmish in the New York Campaign of the American Revolutionary War. ... The Battle of Pells Point, also known as the Battle of Pelham, was a skirmish during the American Revolutionary War. ... Battle of White Plains Historic Site Battle of White Plains Historic Site : George Washingtons HQ The Battle of White Plains was an inconclusive meeting on October 28, 1776 in the American Revolutionary War. ... Combatants United States Britain Hessian Army Commanders George Washington Robert Magaw William Howe Wilhelm Knyphausen Strength 2,900 8,000 Casualties 53 killed, 96 wounded, & 2,818 captured 78 killed, 374 wounded Fort Washington was a fort located at the upermost tip of Manhattan, New York overlooking the Hudson River... Combatants {{{combatant1}}} Britain Commanders George Washington Johan Rall Strength 2,400 1,400 Casualties 2 dead, 4 wounded 22 dead, 92 wounded 896 captured {{{notes}}} This article is about the Battle of Trenton which took place on December 26, 1776. ... The Second Battle of Trenton took place on January 2, 1777 during the American Revolutionary War. ... Combatants United States Britain Commanders General George Washington Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis Lieutenant Colonel Charles Mawhood Strength 1,400 1,200 Casualties 30 dead 75 wounded 60 dead 150 wounded 244 captured {{{notes}}} The Battle of Princeton was a battle of the American Revolutionary War, fought near Princeton, New Jersey... Battlefield Marker The Battle of Bound Brook , one of the battles in New Jersey during the American War for Independence, occurred on April 13, 1777 and resulted in a defeat for the Continental Army who were routed by about 4,000 troops under British command. ... Combatants American Revolutionaries, France, Netherlands, Spain, Native Americans British Empire, German mercenaries, Native Americans Commanders George Washington Comte de Rochambeau Nathanael Greene William Howe Henry Clinton Charles Cornwallis The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was the military component of the American Revolution. ... Staten Island lies to the southwest of the rest of New York City. ... July 3 is the 184th day of the year (185th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 181 days remaining. ... This article is about the year 1776. ... Nickname: The Big Apple Official website: City of New York Government Counties (Boroughs) Bronx (The Bronx) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Kings (Brooklyn) Richmond (Staten Island) Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Geographical characteristics Area Total 468. ...

The early campaign was a major strategic and tactical success for the British and a clear defeat for the Continental Army. British naval forces, led by Admiral Lord Richard Howe, and the British Army, led by his brother, General Sir William Howe, gained control of New York City, its harbor, and the surrounding agricultural areas. They would hold the city and Long Island for seven years, until 1783. Illustration depicting uniforms and weapons used during the 1779 to 1783 period of the American Revolution by showing four soldiers standing in an informal group General George Washington, was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army on June 15, 1775. ... Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe (March 8, 1726 – August 5, 1799) was a British admiral. ... For the surrealist painter, see William Howe (painter). ... Mercator projection of Long Island Long Island is an island in New York, at 1,377 square miles (3567 km²) the largest island in the continental United States, and with 7. ...

The Americans, led by General George Washington lost a series of battles, took significant casualties, lost important supplies, and were driven across New Jersey and into Pennsylvania. But Washington managed to withdraw the core of his army, and avoided the decisive confrontation that could have ended the war. Late in 1776, he recrossed the Delaware River and launched quick and effective counterstrike, an effort that was an important morale boost for the Americans. George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799) was the successful Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War from 1775 to 1783, and later became the first Elected President of the United States, an office to which he was elected, unanimously, twice and remained in... Official language(s) None defined, English de facto Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 47th 22,608 km² 110 km 240 km 14. ... Official language(s) None Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 33rd 119,283 km² 255 km 455 km 2. ... Delaware River Watershed The Delaware River is a river on the Atlantic coast of the United States. ...

New York campaign

Having withdrawn from Boston after an unsuccessful campaign, the British now focused on capturing New York City. General Howe, with the services of his brother, Admiral Lord Howe, began amassing troops on Staten Island in July 1776. General Washington, with a smaller army of about 20,000 men, was uncertain where the Howes intended to strike. He unwittingly violated a cardinal rule of warfare, and divided his troops about equally between Long Island and Manhattan, thus allowing the Howes to engage only one half of the Continental Army at a time. The Boston campaign was part of the American Revolutionary War. ... Nickname: The Big Apple Official website: City of New York Government Counties (Boroughs) Bronx (The Bronx) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Kings (Brooklyn) Richmond (Staten Island) Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Geographical characteristics Area Total 468. ... Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe (March 8, 1726 – August 5, 1799) was a British admiral. ... Staten Island lies to the southwest of the rest of New York City. ... Mercator projection of Long Island Long Island is an island in New York, at 1,377 square miles (3567 km²) the largest island in the continental United States, and with 7. ... The Borough of Manhattan, highlighted in yellow, lies between the East River and the Hudson River. ...

In late August, the Howes transported about 22,000 men (including 9,000 "Hessians") to Long Island. In the Battle of Long Island on August 27, 1776, the British expertly executed a surprise flanking maneuver, driving the Americans back to the Brooklyn Heights fortifications. General Howe then laid siege to the works, but Washington skillfully managed a nighttime evacuation to Manhattan. In mathematics, the Hessian matrix of a function of several real variables is the (symmetric) matrix of all second partial derivatives. ... Combatants United States Britain Commanders Lieutenant General George Washington, Major General Israel Putnam Lieutenant General Sir William Howe, Major Generals Charles Cornwallis, Henry Clinton Strength 11,000-13,000 (about 10,000 of which were militia ) 22,000 (including 9,000 Hessian mercenaries) Casualties 312 dead, 1407 wounded, captured or... Births 1407 - Ashikaga Yoshikazu, Japanese shogun (d. ... This article is about the year 1776. ...

Having taken Long Island, the Howes moved to seize Manhattan. On September 15, General Howe landed about 12,000 men on lower Manhattan, quickly taking control of New York City. The Americans withdrew to Harlem Heights, where they skirmished the next day, but held their ground. The Landing at Kips Bay was a British maneuver during the New York Campaign in the American Revolutionary War. ... The Battle of Harlem Heights was a skirmish in the New York Campaign of the American Revolutionary War. ...

When Howe moved to encircle Washington's army in October, the Americans again fell back, and a battle at White Plains was fought on October 28, 1776. Once more Washington retreated, but Howe, instead of aggressively pursuing the withdrawal, returned to Manhattan and captured Fort Washington in mid November, taking almost 3,000 prisoners. Four days later, Fort Lee, across the Hudson River from Fort Washington, was also taken. Encirclement is a military term for the situation when one sides force or target is isolated and surrounded by other sides forces. ... Battle of White Plains Historic Site Battle of White Plains Historic Site : George Washingtons HQ The Battle of White Plains was an inconclusive meeting on October 28, 1776 in the American Revolutionary War. ... October 28 is the 301st day of the year (302nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 64 days remaining. ... This article is about the year 1776. ... Fort Washington (New York) was a fortified position near the north end of Manhattan Island and was located at the highest point on the island. ... Map highlighting Fort Lees location within Bergen County. ... View of the Hudson in the 1880s showing Jersey City The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk in Mahican, is a river running mainly through New York State but partly forming the boundary between the states of New York and New Jersey. ...

New Jersey campaign

General Lord Cornwallis continued to chase Washington's army through New Jersey, until the Americans withdrew across the Delaware River into Pennsylvania in early December. With the campaign at an apparent conclusion for the season, the British entered winter quarters. Although Howe had missed several opportunities to crush the diminishing rebel army, he had killed or captured over 5,000 Americans. He controlled much of New York and New Jersey, and was in a good position to resume operations in the spring, with the rebel capital of Philadelphia in striking distance. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Official language(s) None defined, English de facto Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 47th 22,608 km² 110 km 240 km 14. ... Delaware River Watershed The Delaware River is a river on the Atlantic coast of the United States. ... Official language(s) None Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 33rd 119,283 km² 255 km 455 km 2. ... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Official website: http://www. ...

Emanuel Leutze's 1851 painting Washington Crossing the Delaware is an iconic image of American history.

The outlook of the Continental Army—and thus the revolution itself—was bleak. "These are the times that try men's souls," wrote Thomas Paine, who was with the army on the retreat. The army had dwindled to fewer than 5,000 men fit for duty, and would be reduced to 1,400 after enlistments expired at the end of the year. Spirits were low, popular support was wavering, and Congress had abandoned Philadelphia in despair. Download high resolution version (950x558, 918 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: American Revolutionary War Emanuel Leutze George Washington Delaware River Washington Crossing the Delaware Categories: U.S. history images ... Download high resolution version (950x558, 918 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: American Revolutionary War Emanuel Leutze George Washington Delaware River Washington Crossing the Delaware Categories: U.S. history images ... Washington Crossing the Delaware Westward the Course of Empire Takes its Way Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze (May 24, 1816 – July 18, 1868) was a German-born American painter. ... Washington Crossing the Delaware is an oil painting measuring 378. ... The Savior (1410s, by Andrei Rublev) For other senses of this word, see icon (disambiguation). ... Pre-Colonial America For details, see the main Pre-Colonial America article. ... Thomas Paine Thomas Paine (January 29, 1737 – June 8, 1809), intellectual, scholar, revolutionary, and idealist, is widely recognized as one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. ...

Washington reacted by taking the offensive, stealthily crossing the Delaware on Christmas night and capturing nearly 1,000 Hessians at the Battle of Trenton on December 26, 1776. Cornwallis marched to retake Trenton, but was outmaneuvered by Washington, who successfully attacked the British rearguard at Princeton on January 3, 1777. Washington then entered winter quarters at Morristown, New Jersey, having retaken most of the colony from the British. Combatants {{{combatant1}}} Britain Commanders George Washington Johan Rall Strength 2,400 1,400 Casualties 2 dead, 4 wounded 22 dead, 92 wounded 896 captured {{{notes}}} This article is about the Battle of Trenton which took place on December 26, 1776. ... Christmas (literally, the Mass of Jesus Christ) is a traditional holiday observed on 25 December. ... Combatants {{{combatant1}}} Britain Commanders George Washington Johan Rall Strength 2,400 1,400 Casualties 2 dead, 4 wounded 22 dead, 92 wounded 896 captured {{{notes}}} This article is about the Battle of Trenton which took place on December 26, 1776. ... December 26 is the 360th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, 361st in leap years. ... This article is about the year 1776. ... Combatants United States Britain Commanders General George Washington Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis Lieutenant Colonel Charles Mawhood Strength 1,400 1,200 Casualties 30 dead 75 wounded 60 dead 150 wounded 244 captured {{{notes}}} The Battle of Princeton was a battle of the American Revolutionary War, fought near Princeton, New Jersey... January 3 is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1777 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Morristown is a Town located in Morris County, New Jersey. ...

See also

• New Jersey during the American Revolution

Main article: History of New Jersey As the location of many major battles, New Jersey was pivotal in the American Revolution and the ultimate victory of the American colonists. ...

Further reading

• Black, Jeremy. War for America: The Fight for Independence, 1775-1783. St. Martin's Press (New York) and Sutton Publishing (UK), 1991. ISBN 0312067135 (1991), ISBN 0312123469 (1994 paperback), ISBN 0750928085 (2001 paperpack).
• Boatner, Mark Mayo, III. Encyclopedia of the American Revolution. New York: McKay, 1966; revised 1974. ISBN 0811705781.
• Fischer, David Hackett. Washington's Crossing. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. ISBN 0195170342. Winner of the 2005 Pulitzer Prize for History.
• McCullough, David. 1776. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005. ISBN 0743226712.
• Wood, W. J. Battles of the Revolutionary War, 1775-1781. Originally published Chapel Hill, N.C.: Algonquin, 1990; reprinted by Da Capo Press, 1995. ISBN 0306806177 (paperback); ISBN 0306813297 (2003 paperback reprint).