The 1993 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament. It saw the governing National Party, led by Jim Bolger, win a second term in office, despite a major swing back towards the Labour Party. The new Alliance and New Zealand First parties gained significant shares of the vote, but won few seats. The New Zealand Parliament is the legislative body of the New Zealand government. ... The New Zealand National Party (National or the Nats) currently forms the second-largest (in terms of seats) political party represented in the New Zealand Parliament, and thus functions as the core of the parliamentary Opposition. ... The Right Honourable James Brendan Jim Bolger, ONZ, (born 31 May 1935) was Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1990 to 1997. ... The New Zealand Labour Party is a New Zealand political party. ... Current Alliance logo The Alliance, when referring to New Zealand politics, refers to a left-wing political party. ... New Zealand First functions as a political party in New Zealand. ...

 

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  Members of New Zealands House of Representatives, commonly called Parliament, normally gain their seats in nationwide general elections, or (less frequently) in by-elections. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_New_Zealand. ... The 1853 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliaments 1st term. ... The 1855 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliaments 2nd term. ... The New Zealand general election of 1860 was held between December 12 and March 28 to elect 53 MPs to the third session of the New Zealand Parliament. ... The New Zealand general election of 1866 was held between February 12 and April 6 to elect 70 MPs to the fourth session of the New Zealand Parliament. ... The New Zealand general election of 1871 was held between January 14 and February 1 to elect 78 MPs to the fifth session of the New Zealand Parliament. ... 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The 1978 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to elect the 39th New Zealand Parliament. ... The 1981 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament. ... The 1984 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament. ... The 1987 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament. ... The 1990 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliaments 43rd term. ... Until 1996, New Zealand used the British system of first past the post (FPP) for parliamentary elections . ... The 1999 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the 46th session of the New Zealand Parliament. ... The 2002 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the 47th New Zealand Parliament. ... Wikinews has news related to: Results of the 2005 New Zealand General Election The 2005 New Zealand general election took place on 17 September 2005 and determined the composition of the 48th New Zealand Parliament. ...

Background

Before the election, the National Party governed with 64 seats, while the opposition Labour Party held only 29. The 1990 election had been a major victory for the National Party, with the unpopular Fourth Labour Government being decisively defeated. The Labour Party had become increasingly unpopular for its ongoing economic reforms, which were based around liberalisation, privatisation, and the removal of tariffs and subsidies. The National Party was somewhat divided as to the merits of the reforms, with conservatives generally opposed and neoliberals generally in favour. The party had fought the 1990 election saying that the Labour government's program was too radical, and was being carried out without any thought of the human consequences - Jim Bolger spoke about "the Decent Society", promising a return to a more moderate and balanced platform. Once in government, however, the key Minister of Finance role was taken not by a moderate but by Ruth Richardson, who wished to expand, not end, the economic reforms. Many of the voters who had felt betrayed by Labour's reforms now felt betrayed by the National Party as well, a fact which contributed to the rise of minor parties. The New Zealand National Party (National or the Nats) currently forms the second-largest (in terms of seats) political party represented in the New Zealand Parliament, and thus functions as the core of the parliamentary Opposition. ... The New Zealand Labour Party is a New Zealand political party. ... The 1990 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliaments 43rd term. ... In general, liberalization refers to a relaxation of previous government restrictions, usually in areas of social or economic policy. ... Privatization (sometimes privatisation, denationalization, or — especially in India — disinvestment) is the process of transferring property, from public ownership to private ownership. ... A tariff is a tax on imported goods. ... In economics, a subsidy is generally a monetary grant given by government to lower the price faced by producers or consumers of a good, generally because it is considered to be in the public interest. ... The Minister of Finance is a senior figure within the government of New Zealand. ... Ruth Richardson (born December 13, 1950) served as New Zealands Minister of Finance from 1990 to 1993, and is known for her strong pursuit of radical economic reforms (sometimes known as Ruthanasia). Early life Richardson was born in southern Taranaki on 13 December 1950. ...

The Alliance, the largest "third party", was a broad coalition of five smaller groups - the NewLabour Party (a Labour splinter), the Democrats (a social credit party), the Greens (an environmentalist party), Mana Motuhake (a Māori party), and the Liberal Party (a National splinter). The Alliance held three seats in Parliament - one belonged to Jim Anderton, who had been re-elected under a NewLabour banner in the seat he had formerly held for Labour, while the other two belonged to the National MPs who formed the Liberal Party. In its first electoral test, the 1992 by-election in Tamaki, the Alliance had performed well, taking second place. Another smaller group was New Zealand First, a party established by former National MP Winston Peters. Peters had broken with his party after a number of policy disputes with its leadership, and resigned from parliament to contest his seat as an independent. After being overwhelmingly re-elected, Peters established the New Zealand First party to promote his views. Peters was the party's sole MP. Current Alliance logo The Alliance, when referring to New Zealand politics, refers to a left-wing political party. ... NewLabour Party logo NewLabour was the name chosen by Jim Anderton, an MP and former President of the New Zealand Labour Party, for his new left-of-centre party in 1989. ... Current Democratic Party logo This article is about the modern party based around the social credit theory. ... Social Credit is an economic ideology and a social movement which started in the early 1920s. ... Current Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand logo The Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand is a political party in the New Zealand parliament. ... Environmentalism is the advocation of preservation, restoration, and/or improvement of the natural environment, such as the control of air pollution. ... Mana Maori Motuhake is a Maori political party in New Zealand. ... For the Māori language, see Māori language. ... The New Zealand Liberal Party founded in 1992 (not to be confused with the original Liberal Party) was a splinter group of the National Party. ... James Patrick Anderton (almost always referred to as Jim Anderton) is leader of the Progressive Party, a political party in the New Zealand Parliament. ... New Zealand First functions as a political party in New Zealand. ... The Right Honourable Winston Raymond Peters (born April 11, 1945) is a New Zealand politician and the current Minister of Foreign Affairs, outside cabinet. ...

Another consequence of dissatisfaction with both major parties was the referendum conducted along-side the 1993 election. This referendum asked voters whether New Zealand's electoral system should be changed from the first-past-the-post system to the MMP system, which would implement proportional representation (and thus make it easier for smaller parties to win seats). The referendum was part of the larger New Zealand electoral reform process. The first-past-the-post electoral system is a voting system for single-member districts, variously called first-past-the-post (FPTP or FPP), winner-take-all, plurality voting, or relative majority. ... The Additional Member System (AMS) is a voting system where some representatives are elected from geographic constituencies and others are elected under proportional representation from party lists. ... Proportional representation (sometimes referred to as full representation, or PR), is an electoral system delivering a close match between the percentage of votes that the political parties obtain in elections and the percentage of seats they receive in legislative assemblies. ... Until 1996, New Zealand used the British system of first past the post (FPP) for parliamentary elections . ...

The election

The election was held on 6 November. 2,321,664 people were registered to vote, and 85.2% turned out. This turnout was almost exactly the same as for the previous election, although slightly less than what would be seen for the following one.

Summary of results

The 1993 election saw the National Party win 50 of the 99 seats in parliament, a drop of 14 from before the election (and a drop of 17 from 1990). The Labour Party won 45 seats, while the Alliance and New Zealand First won two seats each. This meant that National kept its majority by only a single seat. The 1993-1996 parliamentary term would see a number of defections from both major parties, meaning that National would eventually be forced to make alliances to retain power.

Detailed results

Party totals

The New Zealand National Party (National or the Nats) currently forms the second-largest (in terms of seats) political party represented in the New Zealand Parliament, and thus functions as the core of the parliamentary Opposition. ... The New Zealand Labour Party is a New Zealand political party. ... Current Alliance logo The Alliance, when referring to New Zealand politics, refers to a left-wing political party. ... New Zealand First functions as a political party in New Zealand. ... Christian Heritage New Zealand (formerly known as the Christian Heritage Party) was a New Zealand political party promoting evangelical Christian-based social conservatism. ... The McGillicuddy Serious Party (McGSP) functioned as a satirical political party in New Zealand. ... The Natural Law Party of New Zealand was formed in 1995 and bases its policies on the concept of natural law. ...

Map of electorates

Download high resolution version (596x604, 23 KB)Map of 1993 New Zealand election. ...

Individual electorate results

The Right Honourable Donald Charles McKinnon (born February 27, 1939) is a former Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of New Zealand. ... Sandra Rose Te Hakamatua Lee-Vercoe (née Lee) (8 August 1952 - ) is currently New Zealand High Commissioner to Niue, and was formerly deputy leader of the Alliance party. ... The Honourable Lianne Audrey Dalziel (born 7 June 1960) is a member of the New Zealand Parliament and a Minister of Commerce, Small Business and Womens Affairs. ... This page is about the New Zealand politician and Director-General of the World Trade Organization. ... Robert McDowall (Robin) Gray (2 July 1931 - ) is a former New Zealand politician. ... Peter Colin Hodgson (1950 - ) is a New Zealand politician. ... Clive Matthewson is a former New Zealand politician. ... Murray McCully (1953 - ) is a New Zealand politician. ... Paul Swain (1951 - ) is a New Zealand politician. ... Christine Fletcher has been prominent in New Zealand politics, both in Parliament and as Mayor of Auckland. ... The Right Honourable Sir William Francis Birch, GNZM, (born 9 April 1934), usually known as Bill Birch, is a former New Zealand politician. ... Richard John Barker (27 October 1951 - ) is a New Zealand politician. ... Michael Laws (b 1957) is a New Zealand politician and media personality who had two terms as a Member of the New Zealand Parliament (MP), for the National Party and then New Zealand First,. He is currently Mayor of Wanganui. ... Ross Meurant, a New Zealand public figure, has at various times gained public attention as a police officer, a businessman, a politician, and a political lobbyist. ... Dr. Alexander Lockwood Smith (13 November 1948 - ) is a New Zealand politician. ... Roger Sowry (2 December 1958 - ) is a New Zealand politician. ... The Right Honourable James Brendan Jim Bolger, ONZ, (born 31 May 1935) was Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1990 to 1997. ... Ruth Suzanne Dyson (11 August 1957 - ) is a New Zealand politician. ... David Russell Lange (IPA: lɔŋi) CH, ONZ (4 August 1942 — 13 August 2005), served as Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1984 to 1989. ... George Warren Hawkins (1946 - ) is a New Zealand politician. ... Douglas Lorimer Kidd, DCNZM, (12 September 1941 - ) is a former New Zealand politician. ... Graeme Lee is a former New Zealand politician. ... Annette Faye King (born 13 September New Zealand politician. ... For other persons named Helen Clark, see Helen Clark (disambiguation). ... This article is about the former Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives. ... Harry James Duynhoven is a New Zealand politician. ... Peter Dunne The Honourable Peter Dunne (born 17 March 1954 - ) leads New Zealands United Future political party. ... Maurice Donald Williamson is a New Zealand politician. ... Steven (Steve) Maharey (born 3 February 1953) serves as New Zealands Minister of Social Development and Employment, Minister of Housing, Minister of Broadcasting, Minister of Research, Science and Technology, Minister of Crown Research Institutes, and Minister of Youth Affairs. ... Judith Tizard (3 January 1956 - ) is a New Zealand politician. ... Trevor Colin Mallard (born 17 June 1954) is a New Zealand politician. ... The Right Honourable Jennifer Mary Shipley née Robson (born February 4, 1952), Prime Minister of New Zealand from December 1997 to December 1999, was New Zealands first female Prime Minister. ... Sir Douglas Arthur Montrose Doug Graham KNZM (12 January 1942 - ), is a former New Zealand politician. ... Foreign Minister Phil Goff The Honourable Philip Bruce Goff (born 22 June 1953), generally known as Phil Goff, is the current Minister of Defence of New Zealand. ... Paul Clayton East (4 August 1946 - ) is a former New Zealand politician. ... Ruth Richardson (born December 13, 1950) served as New Zealands Minister of Finance from 1990 to 1993, and is known for her strong pursuit of radical economic reforms (sometimes known as Ruthanasia). Early life Richardson was born in southern Taranaki on 13 December 1950. ... David Caygill is a former New Zealand politician. ... Michael Cullen The Hon. ... James Patrick Anderton (almost always referred to as Jim Anderton) is leader of the Progressive Party, a political party in the New Zealand Parliament. ... Nick Smith (born 24 December 1964) is a member of the New Zealand Parliament, a former Cabinet minister, and a former deputy leader of the National Party. ... The Right Honourable Winston Raymond Peters (born April 11, 1945) is a New Zealand politician and the current Minister of Foreign Affairs, outside cabinet. ... Chris Carter Christopher Joseph Carter is a New Zealand politician and a member of Cabinet. ... James Robert Sutton (born 7 November 1941), generally known as Jim Sutton, is a New Zealand politician. ... Richard Mark Burton (16 January 1956 - ) is a New Zealand politician. ... The Right Honourable Wyatt Creech is a former New Zealand politician. ... This article is about the New Zealand politician. ... The Honourable John Archibald Banks QSO (born 2 December 1946) has made a career as a New Zealand politician. ... Sir Peter Wilfred Tapsell KNZM MBE (born January 21, 1930) was Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives from 1993 to 1996. ... Tau Henare (29 September 1960 - ) is a New Zealand parliamentarian. ...

Summary of changes

• An boundary redistribution resulted in the abolition of eight seats.
  • Ashburton, held by Jenny Shipley (National).
  • Bay of Islands, held by John Carter (National).
  • Clevedon, held by Warren Kyd (National).
  • Coromandel, held by Graeme Lee (National).
  • East Cape, held by Tony Ryall (National).
  • Maramarua, held by Bill Birch (National).
  • Ohariu, held by Peter Dunne (Labour).
  • Wellington Central, held by Chris Laidlaw (Labour).
• At the same time, ten new seats came into being.
  • Eastern Bay of Plenty - most of the abolished East Cape seat, plus part of Tarawera. Won by former East Cape MP Tony Ryall.
  • Far North - most of the abolished Bay of Islands seat. Won by former Bay of Islands MP John Carter.
  • Franklin - part of the abolished Maramarua seat and part of Papakura. Won by former Maramarua MP Bill Birch.
  • Hauraki - parts of the abolished Clevedon, Maramarua, and Coromandel seats. Won by former Clevedon MP Warren Kyd.
  • Henderson - parts taken from the Waitakere, Te Atatu, and Titirangi electorates. Won by new MP Jack Elder (Labour).
  • Howick - the eastern part of the Otara seat. Won by former Otara MP Trevor Rogers (National).
  • Matakana - part of the abolished Coromandel seat. Won by former Coromandel MP Graeme Lee.
  • Onslow - the core of the abolished Ohariu seat. Won by former Ohariu MP Peter Dunne (Labour).
  • Rakaia - the abolished Ashburton seat, plus part of the Selwyn seat. Won by former Ashburton MP Jenny Shipley (National).
  • Wellington-Karori - the abolished Wellington Central seat, plus part of the abolished Ohariu seat. Won by new National MP Pauline Gardiner.

• The seats of Gisborne, Hamilton East, Hamilton West, Hastings, Horowhenua, Invercargill, Lyttelton, Manawatu, Miramar, New Plymouth, Onehunga, Otara, Roskill, Te Atatu, Timaru, Titirangi, Tongariro, Wanganui and West Coast were won from the National Party by Labour challengers.
• The seat of Auckland Central was won from the Labour Party by an Alliance challenger. The challenger was Sandra Lee-Vercoe and the defeated incumbent was Richard Prebble.
• The seat of Northern Māori was won from the Labour Party by a New Zealand First challenger. The challenger was Tau Henare and the defeated incumbent was Bruce Gregory.
• The seat of Awarua passed from an incumbent National MP to a new National MP.
• The seat of Pencarrow passed from an incumbent Labour MP to a new Labour MP.