The Niagara movement was a civil rights organization founded near the Niagara river in 1905. The Niagara Movement eventually became the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909. (From user talk:MyRedDice), Yes, all my images are in public domain. ... (From user talk:MyRedDice), Yes, all my images are in public domain. ... Civil rights or positive rights are those legal rights retained by citizens and protected by the government. ... The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP, generally pronounced as EN Double AY SEE PEE) is one of the oldest and most influential civil rights organizations in the United States. ...

History

The Niagara Movement was founded in 1905 by a group led by W. E. B. Du Bois, John Hope, Fred L. McGhee, and William Monroe Trotter. They called for full civil liberties, an end to racial discrimination, and recognition of human brotherhood. Buffalo residents William and Mary B. Talbert helped DuBois and Trotter locate a suitable venue for the inaugural meeting, which took place in Fort Erie, Ontario, from July 11 until July 14, 1905. They met on the Canadian side of the Niagara River because Du Bois specifically desired a resort-like setting. The movement renounced Booker T. Washington's accommodation policies set forth in his Atlanta Compromise speech, delivered in 1895. William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (pronounced ) (February 23, 1868 – August 27, 1963) was an American civil rights activist, leader, Pan-Africanist, sociologist, educator, historian, writer, editor, poet, and scholar. ... The name John Hope can refer to: John Hope, American educator John Hope, American meteorologist and hurricane forecaster John Hope, British political leader This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... William Monroe Trotter (1872-1934), born Springfield Township, Ohio, was an African-American newspaper editor and protest leader. ... Civil liberties is the name given to freedoms that protect the individual from government. ... Racism is the prejudice that members of one race are intrinsically superior or inferior to members of other races. ... Location of Fort Erie in the Niagara Region Fort Erie (2001 population 28,143) is a town on the Niagara River in the Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada. ... is the 192nd day of the year (193rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 195th day of the year (196th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Booker Taliaferro Washington (April 5, 1856 – November 14, 1915) was an American educator, author and leader of the African American community. ...

The Niagara Movement eventually split into separate committees and divided among the states. After one year there were few members and money was dwindling. Their second meeting, the first to be held on U.S. soil, took place at Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, the site of John Brown's raid. The three-day gathering, starting on August 15, 1906 at the campus of Storer College (now part of Harpers Ferry National Historical Park), discussed how to secure civil rights for African Americans and was later described by Du Bois as "one of the greatest meetings that American Negroes ever held." http://www.nps.gov/archive/hafe/niagara/history.htmAttendees walked from Storer College to the nearby Murphy Family farm, site of the historic fort where John Brown's quest to free four million enslaved blacks reached its bloody climax. This meeting became the foundation for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). The first white member, Mary White Ovington, joined the group after the Springfield Race Riot of 1908.http://www.aaregistry.com/african_american_history/1005/The_Niagara_Movement_founded_ Harpers Ferry, West Virginia 1865. ... // John Brown may refer to several people, most famously the abolitionist: John Brown (abolitionist) (and the related song John Browns Body). ... is the 227th day of the year (228th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP, generally pronounced as EN Double AY SEE PEE) is one of the oldest and most influential civil rights organizations in the United States. ... “Whites” redirects here. ... Mary White Ovington Mary White Ovington (born April 11, 1865 in Brooklyn, New York - died July 15, 1951) a suffragette, socialist, unitarian, journalist, and co-founder of the NAACP. Her parents, members of the Unitarian Church were supporters of womens rights and had been involved in anti-slavery movement. ... An example of the damage caused to black residences in the riot The Springfield Race Riot of 1908 was a mass civil disturbance in Springfield, Illinois, USA sparked by the transfer of two African American prisoners out of the city jail by the county sheriff. ...

Declaration of Principles

The members of the Niagara Movement had many beliefs and principles. Suffrage was important, as was the right to protest for their political rights. The members believed that all Americans have the right to the same treatment and economic opportunity. Education was of high priority; they believed that high school, as well as college, should be available to all, with no discrimination. The members demanded a justice system without discrimination. <http://wings.buffalo.edu/cas/aas/ANNOUNCE/niagaramovement/nm_principles1.html> They had hope that all could live a healthy life- in healthy homes. Protest against inferiority was a must. Through everything they had faith in their church. Lastly, their were 7 duties that the Niagara Movement thought all men should have: the duty to vote, the duty to respect others, the duty to work, the duty to obey laws, the duty to be clean and orderly, the duty to send children to school, and the duty to respect themselves and others.<http://www.niagarafallsreporter.com/menagerie9.html>

See also

• Nadir of American race relations
• NAACP

<http://wings.buffalo.edu/cas/aas/ANNOUNCE/niagaramovement/nm_principles1.html> <http://www.niagarafallsreporter.com/menagerie9.html> As sources to cite for the Declaration of Priciples The nadir of American race relations refers to the period in United States history at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th. ... The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), is one of the oldest and most influential hate organizations in the United States. ...

External links

• Niagara's Declaration of Principles
• Mystery Solved! (Why the Movement met in Canada instead of Buffalo)
• www.math.buffalo.edu
• Details from the 1908 Niagara Conference at Oberlin
• www.aaregistry.com
• www.pbs.org
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