The Nien Rebellion was an uprising that took place in northern China from 1851-1863. The rebels were completely defeated in 1868.
References
Ownby, David. "Approximations of Chinese Bandits: Perverse Rebels or Frustrated Bachelors?" Chinese Masculinities/Femininities. Ed. Jeffrey Wasserstrom and Usam Brownell. Berkeley, CA: U of California P.
Perry, Elizabeth. Rebels and Revolutionaries in Northern China, 1845-1945 (Stanford, CA: Stanford UP, 1980).
External link
http://it.stlawu.edu/~govt/361F02Hudson.html - paper discussing how discrepancy in sex ratios might have contributed to the Nien Rebellion
The rebellion failed to topple the Qing regime, but caused immense economic devastation and loss of life that became one of the major long-term factors in the collapse of the Qing regime.
By the summer of 1855, the fast-moving Nian cavalry, well-trained and fully equipped with modern firearms, had cut the lines of communication between Peking and the Qing armies fighting the T'ai-p'ing rebels in the south.
Although the Nianrebellion was smaller than that of the T'ai-p'ings, it severely drained government finances, devastated the richest areas of China, and left China's economy in a very precarious state.
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