Nicolas Grunitzky (1913-1969) was the second president of Togo. He was born in Atakpamé to a German father (of Polish origin) and a Togolese mother. He studied civil engineering in Paris and was a public administrator before leaving to form his own company. He was the secretary-general of the Parti togolais du progrès (Togolese Party of Progress) and elected into office with the Togolose Parliament in 1951. He was Prime Minister of the Republic of Togo from September 12, 1956 but went into exile after being deposed on May 16, 1958. 1913 is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... 1969 was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ... Atakpamé is a city in central Togo. ... In modern usage, civil engineering is a broad field of engineering that deals with the planning, construction, and maintenance of fixed structures, or public works, as they related to earth, water, or civilization and their processes. ... The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... 1951 was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... September 12 is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years). ... 1956 was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... May 16 is the 136th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (137th in leap years). ... 1958 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Grunitzky was appointed president by the "Insurrection Committee" headed by Emmanuel Bodjollé following a coup d'état that ended with the assassination of president (and Grunitzky's brother-in-law) Sylvanus Olympio. This was the first military coup in Africa following independence, and was organized by a group of soldiers under the direction of Sergeant Étienne Gnassingbé Eyadema. Nicolas Grunitzky attempted to unify the country by including several political parties in his government. However, he was toppled in a bloodless military coup led by now-Lt. Col Étienne Gnassingbé Eyadema and was exiled to Paris. A coup détat (pronounced kÅ« dā ta), or simply a coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government, usually done by a small group that just replaces the top power figures. ... Sylvanus Olympio Sylvanus Epiphanio Olympio (1902 - 13 January 1963) was a Togolese political figure. ... General Gnassingbé Eyadéma, formerly Étienne Eyadema (December 26, 1937 – February 5, 2005), was the President of Togo from 1967 until his death. ... The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ...

He was killed in a car accident in Paris in 1969. A car accident in Yate, near Bristol, England, in July 2004. ... 1969 was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ...

Togo is a family property and never a country