Self-Portrait (1650)

Nicolas Poussin (15 June 1594 – 19 November 1665) was a French painter in the Classical style. His work predominantly features clarity, logic, and order, and favors line over color. Until the 20th century he remained the dominant inspiration for such classically oriented artists as Jacques-Louis David and Paul Cézanne. Look up poussin in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 456 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2024 × 2663 pixel, file size: 254 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 456 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2024 × 2663 pixel, file size: 254 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... is the 166th day of the year (167th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events February 27 - Henry IV is crowned King of France at Rheims. ... is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1665 (MDCLXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Painting by Rembrandt self-portrait Detail from Las Meninas by Diego Velazquez, in which the painter portrayed himself at work For the computer graphics program, see Corel Painter. ... Jacques-Louis David (August 30, 1748 – December 29, 1825) was a highly influential French painter in the Neoclassical style, considered to be the prominent painter of the era. ... Cezanne redirects here. ...

He spent most of his working life in Rome except for a short period when Cardinal Richelieu ordered him back to France as First Painter to the King. For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ... Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu, Cardinal-Duc de Richelieu (September 9, 1585 – December 4, 1642), was a French clergyman, noble, and statesman. ...

Early career

Les Bergers d’Arcadie. It is said that Poussin never painted a subject taken from later than the 12th century.

Rape of the Sabine Women, Rome, 1637-38 (Louvre Museum)

Nicolas Poussin's early biographer was his friend Giovanni Pietro Bellori,^[1] who relates that Poussin was born near Les Andelys in Normandy and that he received an education that included some Latin, which would stand him in good stead. Early sketches attracted the notice of Quentin Varin, a local painter, whose pupil Poussin became, until he ran away to Paris at the age of eighteen. There he entered the studios of the Flemish painter Ferdinand Elle and then of Georges Lallemand, both minor masters now remembered for having tutored Poussin. He found French art in a stage of transition: the old apprenticeship system was disturbed, and the academic training destined to supplant it was not yet established by Simon Vouet; but having met Courtois the mathematician, Poussin was fired by the study of his collection of engravings by Marcantonio Raimondi after Italian masters. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2536x1948, 471 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Louvre Arcadia Nicolas Poussin Priory of Sion The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail Henry Lincoln French art... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2536x1948, 471 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Louvre Arcadia Nicolas Poussin Priory of Sion The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail Henry Lincoln French art... Et in Arcadia ego is a Latin phrase that most famously appears as the title of two paintings by Nicolas Poussin 1594–1665). ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (907x682, 128 KB) Summary Nicolas Poussin, The Rape of the Sabine Women, executed in Rome, 1637-38 (Louvre) The second of Poussins two paintings of this subject Licensing The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (907x682, 128 KB) Summary Nicolas Poussin, The Rape of the Sabine Women, executed in Rome, 1637-38 (Louvre) The second of Poussins two paintings of this subject Licensing The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in... Facsimile of the sculpture in the Loggia dei Lanzi in Florence. ... The main courtyard of the Louvre. ... Giovanni Bellori was an important figure in the seventeenth century Roman artworld. ... Les Andelys is a commune of the Eure département, in Normandy, France. ... For other uses, see Normandy (disambiguation). ... This article is about the capital of France. ... For other uses, see Flanders (disambiguation). ... The visual and plastic arts of France have had an unprecedented diversity -- from the Gothic cathedral of Chartres to Georges de la Tours night scenes to Monets Waterlilies and finally to Duchamps radical Fontaine -- and have exerted an unparalleled influence on world cultural production. ... Birth of Venus, Alexandre Cabanel, 1863 Academic art is a style of painting and sculpture produced under the influence of European academies or universities. ... Vouets allegory La Richesse was painted ca 1640 for one of the royal chateaux of France (Louvre) Simon Vouet (1590 - 1649) was the French painter and draftsman who introduced the Italian Baroque style to France. ... The name Courtois can refer to two French painters: Jacques Courtois (1621-1676) and Guillaume Courtois (1628-1679). ... Leonhard Euler, considered one of the greatest mathematicians of all time A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and research is the field of mathematics. ... Marcantonio Raimondi (c. ...

After two abortive attempts to reach Rome, he fell in with Giambattista Marino, the court poet to Marie de Medici, at Lyon. Marino employed him on illustrations to his poem Adone (untraced) and on a series of illustrations for a projected edition of Ovid's Metamorphoses^[2], took him into his household, and in 1624 enabled Poussin (who had been detained by commissions in Lyon and Paris) to rejoin him at Rome. For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ... Giambattista Marini (or Marino) (October 18, 1569 - March 25, 1625) was an Italian poet, born at Naples. ... Marie de Medici (April 26, 1573 - July 3, 1642), born in Italy as Maria de Medici, was queen consort of France under the French name Marie de Médicis. ... This article is about the French city. ... // Cover of George Sandyss 1632 edition of Ovids Metamorphosis Englished The Metamorphoses by the Roman poet Ovid is a poem in fifteen books that describes the creation and history of the world in terms according to Greek and Roman points of view. ...

Early years in Rome

In Rome, his patron having died, Poussin, who lodged at first with Simon Vouet,^[3] fell into great distress, with the departure for Spain of his early patron Cardinal Francesco Barberini and the Cardinal's secretary, the antiquary Cassiano dal Pozzo, later a great friend and patron. The return of Barberini from Spain in 1626 stabilized and renewed the patronage of the Barberini and their circle. Two major commissions at this period resulted in Poussin's early masterwork the Barberini Death of Germanicus, partly inspired by the reliefs of the Meleager sarcophagus,^[4] and the commission for St. Peter's that amounted to a public debut, the Martyrdom of St. Erasmus (1630), with echoes of Pietro da Cortona. Falling ill at this time, he was received into the house of his compatriot Gaspard Dughet and nursed by his daughter Anna Maria to whom, in 1630 (Friedlaender), Poussin was married. Vouets allegory La Richesse was painted ca 1640 for one of the royal chateaux of France (Louvre) Simon Vouet (1590 - 1649) was the French painter and draftsman who introduced the Italian Baroque style to France. ... Francesco Barberini seniore (September 23, 1597 - December 10, 1679) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, a member of the powerful Barberini family. ... Cassiano—Cassianus Aputeo. ... Pietro da Cortona, byname of Pietro Berettini (November 1, 1596- May 16, 1669) was a prolific artist and architect of High Baroque. ... Landscape, 1650-1660. ...

Poussin's Tancred and Erminia (Hermitage Museum) shows an evolution from Poussin's early emulation of Caravaggio to a return to classicism.

He lodged with the sculptor François Duquesnoy, of an equally classicizing artistic temperament, befriended Domenichino and joined an informal academy of artists and patrons opposed to the current Baroque style that formed around Joachim von Sandrart. Image File history File links Tancred. ... Image File history File links Tancred. ... Tancred can refer to: The Norman noble Tancred of Hauteville The son of Roger II of Sicily, and Prince of Taranto from 1132 to 1138 Tancred, Prince of Galilee, a leader of the First Crusade (also sometimes called Tancred of Hauteville) Tancred of Sicily Tancred of Salerno, character in Boccaccio... Princess Erminia was a character in the epic poem La Gerusalemme liberata by Torquato Tasso. ... The State Hermitage Museum (Russian: ) in Saint Petersburg, Russia is one of the largest museums in the world, with 3 million works of art (not all on display at once), [1] and one of the oldest art galleries and museums of human history and culture in the world. ... For other uses, see Caravaggio (disambiguation). ... François Duquesnoy by Anthony van Dyck François Duquesnoy (Brussels, January 12, 1597 – July 12, 1643 in Livorno) was a prominent Baroque sculptor in Rome. ... Domenico Zampieri (or Domenichino) (October 21, 1581 - April 15, 1641), Italian painter, born at Bologna, was the son of a shoemaker. ... For other uses, see Academy (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Baroque (disambiguation). ... Joachim von Sandrart, self portrait c. ...

Among his first patrons, aside from Cardinal Francesco were: Cardinal Omodei, for whom he produced, in 1627, the Triumphs of Flora (Louvre); Cardinal de Richelieu, who commissioned a Bacchanal (Louvre); Vincenzo Giustiniani, for whom was executed the Massacre of the Innocents, of which there is a first sketch in the British Museum; Cassiano dal Pozzo, who became the owner of the first series of the Seven Sacraments (Belvoir Castle); and Fréart de Chanteloup, with whom in 1640 Poussin, at the call of Sublet de Noyers, returned to France. This article is about the museum. ... For other uses of Richelieu, see Richelieu (disambiguation). ... Marchese Vincenzo Giustiniani (13 September 1564 - 27 December 1637) was an aristocratic Italian banker, art collector and intellectual of the late 16th/early 17th centuries, known today largely for the Giustiniani art collection and for his patronage of the artist Caravaggio. ... The British Museum in London, England is a museum of human history and culture. ... Cassiano—Cassianus Aputeo. ... Belvoir Castle in the late 19th century. ...

Poussin in France

Louis XIII conferred on him the title of First Painter in Ordinary. In two years at Paris he produced several pictures for the royal chapels (the Last Supper, painted for Versailles, now in the Louvre), eight cartoons for the Gobelins tapestry manufactory, the series of the Labors of Hercules for the Louvre, the Triumph of Truth for Cardinal Richelieu (Louvre), and much minor work. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Hall of Mirrors redirects here. ... The Manufacture des Gobelins is a tapestry factory located in Paris, France. ...

In 1643, disgusted by the intrigues of Simon Vouet, Fouquières and the architect Jacques Lemercier, Poussin withdrew to Rome. There, in 1648, he finished for De Chanteloup the second series of the Seven Sacraments (Bridgewater Gallery), and also his noble landscape with Diogenes throwing away his Scoop (Louvre). In 1649 he painted the Vision of St Paul (Louvre) for the comic poet Paul Scarron, and in 1651 the Holy Family (Louvre) for the duc de Créquy. Year by year he continued to produce an enormous variety of works, many of which are included in the list given by Félibien. Jacques Lemercier (c. ... Paul Scarron (c. ... Créquy (often spelled Créqui), a French family which originated in Picardy, and took its name from a small lordship of Créquy, in the present Pas-de-Calais. ...

He died in Rome on November 19, 1665 and was buried in the church of San Lorenzo in Lucina, his wife having predeceased him. Chateaubriand in 1820 donated the monument to Poussin. is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1665 (MDCLXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... San Lorenzo in Lucina is a church in Rome, dating back to the 4th century, and devoted to St Lawrence, Roman diacon and martyr. ... The Chateaubriand steak is a thick cut from the center of the filet, created by his personal chef for vicomte François-René de Chateaubriand, (1768 –1848), the author and diplomat who served Napoleon as an ambassador and Louis XVIII as Secretary of State for two years. ...

Poussin left no children, but he adopted as his son Gaspar Dughet (Gasparo Duche), his wife's brother, who took the name of Poussin. Gaspar Poussin, born Gaspar Dughet (1613 - May 27, 1675) was a painter. ...

Works

The finest collection of Poussin's paintings, in addition to his drawings, is located in the Louvre; in Paris, besides the pictures in the National Gallery and at Dulwich, England possesses several of his most considerable works: The Triumph of Pan is at Basildon House, near to Pangbourne, (Berkshire), and his great allegorical painting of the Arts at Knowsley. At Rome, in the Colonna and Valentini Palaces, are notable works by him, and one of the private apartments of Prince Doria is decorated by a great series of landscapes in distemper. For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Basildon Park in the 1820s. ... // Pangbourne village centre Pangbourne is a large village and civil parish on the River Thames in the English county of Berkshire. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Knowsley Hall is the ancestral home of the Earls of Derby. ... Landscape art depicts scenery such as mountains, valleys, trees, rivers, and forests. ...

Throughout his life he stood aloof from the popular movement of his native school. French art in his day was purely decorative, but in Poussin we find a survival of the impulses of the Renaissance coupled with conscious reference to classic work as the standard of excellence. In general we see his paintings at a great disadvantage: for the color, even of the best preserved, has changed in parts, so that the harmony is disturbed; and the noble construction of his designs can be better seen in engravings than in the original. Among the many who have reproduced his works, Audran, Claudine Stella, Picart and Pesne are the most successful. This article is about the European Renaissance of the 14th-17th centuries. ...

Poussin was a prolific artist. Among his many works are:

The Plague at Ashdod, from the Louvre.

The Continence of Scipio, from the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts.

• Some of the paintings by Poussin at the Louvre, Paris:
  • The Plague at Ashdod
  • The Judgment of Solomon (1649)
  • The Blind Men of Jericho (1650)
  • The Adulteress (1653)
  • Arcadian Shepherd

• A few of Poussin’s other paintings:
  • Adoration of the Golden Calf (National Gallery, London);
  • Holy Family on the Steps (National Gallery, Washington, D.C.);
  • Cacus (St. Petersburg);
  • The Testament of Eudamidas (Copenhagen);
  • "The Rape of the Sabine Women"(1636)
  • The Destruction of Jerusalem (1637);
  • Hebrews Gathering Manna (1639);
  • Moses Rescued from the Waters (1647);
  • Eliezer and Rebecca (1648);
  • Landscape with Polyphemus (1649);
  • Seven Sacraments (Double series - The first series was commissioned by Cassiano del Pozzo in the second half of the 1630s and was sold to the Dukes of Rutland in 1784. One of the seven, "Penance", was destroyed in a fire at the Rutland's Belvoir Castle in 1816, and "Baptism" was acquired by the National Gallery of Art in Washington DC in 1939. The remaining 5 were still at Belvoir Castle at the time when Anthony Blunt wrote his catalogue in 1966. The second series was painted for Paul Freart de Chantelou from 1644-1648 and was acquired by the Dukes of Bridgewater in 1798. The paintings passed by descent to the Earls of Ellesmere, the last of whom became the Duke of Sutherland in 1964. All of the second series, which was commissioned by Chantelou, is currently on loan at the National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh. (Source: Anthony Blunt, "The Paintings of Nicholas Poussin." Phaidon Press, London: 1966.)The images listed below are the remaining six paintings of the first series:

  1) Baptism (image)

  2) Ordination (image)

  3) Confirmation (image)

  4) Penance (image)

  5) Eucharist (image)

  6) Marriage (image)

  7) Extreme Unction (image)

  • A Dance to the Music of Time (1639-40), (Wallace Collection, London)

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3176x2325, 832 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Nicolas Poussin ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3176x2325, 832 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Nicolas Poussin ... This article is about the museum. ... Image File history File links Poussinscipio. ... Image File history File links Poussinscipio. ... Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev (1847-1913) The Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts (Russian: Музей изобразительных искусств им. А.С. Пушкина) is the largest museum of European art in Moscow, located in the Volkhonka street, just opposite the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour. ... This article is about the museum. ... Londons National Gallery, founded in 1824, houses a rich collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900 in its home on Trafalgar Square. ... In Roman mythology, Cacus was a fire-breathing monster and the son of Hephaestus. ... Facsimile of the sculpture in the Loggia dei Lanzi in Florence. ... The practice of the Roman Catholic Church includes seven sacraments. ... The Wallace Collection across Manchester Square gardens The Wallace Collection is a museum in London. ...

Legacy

Initially, Poussin's genius was recognized only by small circles of collectors. It appears from the record that he failed to please Louis XIV, being, it appears, unfit for Court intrigue. At the same time, after his death, it was recognized that he had contributed a new theme of "classical severity" to French art. Louis XIV King of France and Navarre By Hyacinthe Rigaud (1701) Louis XIV (Louis-Dieudonné) (September 5, 1638–September 1, 1715) reigned as King of France and King of Navarre from May 14, 1643 until his death. ...

Benjamin West, an American painter of the 18th century who worked in Britain, based his canvas of the death of General Wolfe at Quebec on Poussin's example. As a result, the image is one in which each character gazes with appropriate seriousness on Wolfe's death after securing British domination of North America. Subsequently many military painters of the 19th century followed Poussin's compositional examples in order to make sure the strategic situation, or role of the favored individual, was highlighted properly in an era when people learned facts from paintings. Self Portrait of Benjamin West, ca. ... Major General Wolfe. ... This article is about the Canadian province. ...

Jacques-Louis David resurrected a style already known as "Poussinesque" during the French Revolution in part because the leaders of the Revolution, following the American example, looked to replace the frivolity and oppression of the court with Republican severity and civic-mindedness, most obvious in David's dramatic canvas of Brutus receiving the bodies of his sons, sacrificed to his own principles, and the famous death of Marat. Jacques-Louis David (August 30, 1748 – December 29, 1825) was a highly influential French painter in the Neoclassical style, considered to be the prominent painter of the era. ... The French Revolution (1789–1815) was a period of political and social upheaval in the political history of France and Europe as a whole, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for the aristocracy and Catholic clergy, underwent radical change to forms based on... Brutus is a Roman cognomen used by several politicians of the Junii family, especially in the Roman Republic. ... Marat redirects here. ...

Nymph and satyrs, ca 1627 (National Gallery, London)

Throughout the 19th century, Poussin, available to the ordinary person's gaze because the Revolution had opened the collections of the Louvre, was inspirational for thoughtful and self-reflexive artists who pondered their own work methods, notably Cézanne, who strove to "recreate Poussin after nature", and the Post-Impressionists. The less thoughtful enjoyed the eroticism of some Poussin's classicizing subjects (illustration, left). Image File history File links Poussin_-_Nymphes_satyres. ... Image File history File links Poussin_-_Nymphes_satyres. ... Londons National Gallery, founded in 1824, houses a rich collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900 in its home on Trafalgar Square. ...

In the twentieth century art critics have suggested that the "analytic Cubist" experiments of Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque were founded upon Poussin's example.^[5] Picasso redirects here. ... Violin and Candlestic --> -->, Paris, spring 1910, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art Georges Braque (May 13, 1882 – August 31, 1963) was a major 20th century French painter and sculptor who, along with Pablo Picasso, developed the art movement known as cubism. ...

The most famous 20th-century scholar of Poussin was the Englishman Anthony Blunt, Keeper of the Queen's Pictures, who in 1979 was disgraced by revelations of his complicity with Soviet intelligence.^[6] Anthony Frederick Blunt (26 September 1907 – 26 March 1983), known as Sir Anthony Blunt, KCVO between 1956 and 1979, was an English art historian, formerly Professor of the History of Art, University of London and director of the Courtauld Institute of Art, London (1947-74). ...

Today, Poussin's paintings at the Louvre reside in a gallery dedicated to him. This article is about the museum. ...

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Nicolas Poussin

• Baroque
• Western painting
• History of painting

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... For other uses, see Baroque (disambiguation). ... See also Western art, History of painting, History of art, Art history, Painting, Outline of painting history Jan Vermeer, Girl with a Pearl Earring, known as the Mona Lisa of the North 1665-1667 Édouard Manet, The Balcony 1868 The history of Western painting represents a continuous, though disrupted, tradition... // The history of painting reaches back in time to artifacts from pre-historic humans, and spans all cultures. ...

Notes

André Félibien (May 1619 - 11 June 1695), sieur des Avaux et de Javercy was a French architect and historiographer. ... This article is about the castle in Windsor. ... The Minneapolis Institute of Arts is an art museum located in Minneapolis, Minnesota. ...

References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
• Anthony Blunt, The Paintings of Nicolas Poussin: A Critical Catalogue (Phaidon) 1966.
• Walter Friedlaender, Nicolas Poussin: A New Approach (New York: Abrams) 1964.

Encyclopædia Britannica, the eleventh edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... Walter Ferdinand Friedlaender (March 10, 1873 - September 8, 1966) was a German art historian. ...

Exhibitions

• Paris 1960. "Poussin peintre: retrospectif." Galvanized the renewed interest in Poussin.
• Fort Worth 1988. "Poussin: The Early Years in Rome: The Origins of French Classicism."

External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

Nicolas Poussin

• Landscape with the ashes of Phocion at the Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool
• Nicolas Poussin at Olga's Gallery
• extensive information regarding Poussin's patrons
• "Nicolas Poussin". Catholic Encyclopedia. (1913). New York: Robert Appleton Company.