NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Nikephoros II

Nikephoros II Phokas or Nicephorus II Phocas (Greek: Νικηφόρος Β΄ Φωκάς, Nikēphoros II Phōkas), (c. 912–969), was a Byzantine Emperor (963-969) whose brilliant military exploits contributed to the resurgence of Byzantine Empire in the tenth century. Nikiforos Fokas (Greek: ÎÎ¹ÎºÎ·Ï†ÏŒÏÎ¿Ï‚ Î¦Ï‰ÎºÎ¬Ï‚) is a municipality in the Rethymno Prefecture, Crete, Greece, named after the 10th century Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros II. Population 6,599 (2001). ... ImageMetadata File history File links Nikifor. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Nikifor. ... Events Orso II Participazio becomes Doge of Venice Patriarch Nicholas I Mysticus becomes patriarch of Constantinople Births November 23 - Otto I the Great Holy Roman Emperor (+ 973) Abd-ar-rahman III - prince of the Umayyad dynasty Deaths Oleg of Kiev Categories: 912 ... Events December 11 - John I becomes Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire. ... This is a list of Byzantine Emperors. ...

1 Early exploits
2 Accession to the throne
3 Later campaigns
4 Diplomacy
5 Civil administration
6 Contemporary Descriptions
7 Family
8 Assassination
9 Descendants
10 Modern honors
11 External links
12 References
13 External Links

Early exploits

Nikephoros Phokas belonged to a Cappadocian family which had produced several distinguished generals, including Nikephoros' father (Bardas Phokas), brother(Leo Phokas), and grandfather (Nikephoros Phokas the Elder), who had all served as commanders of the field army (domestikos tōn skholōn). He was born about 912. For other uses, see Cappadocia (disambiguation). ... Bardas Phokas (c. ...

Nikephoros joined the army at an early age. He was appointed the military governor of the Anatolikon Theme in 945 under Emperor Constantine VII. When his father, Bardas was wounded in battle in 953, Nikephoros was promoted to supreme commander on the eastern frontier. In the war with the Abbasids he began with a severe defeat in 954, from which he recovered in the following years by victories in Syria, starting in 957. From the accession of Emperor Romanos II in 959, Nikephoros and his younger brother Leo were placed in charge of the eastern and western field armies, respectively. In 960, at the recommendation of the influential minister Joseph Bringas, Nikephoros was entrusted in leading an expedition to Crete, and, storming Candia after a 9-months' siege, he wrested the whole island from the Muslims in 961. He was denied the usual honor of a triumph, only permitted a mere ovation in the Hippodrome. (Norwich, p. 961) he returned to the east with a large and well-equipped army. In the campaigns of 962-963 by brilliant strategy he conquered the cities of Cilicia and advanced into Syria where he captured Aleppo in collusion with his nephew John Tzimiskes, but made no permanent conquests. It was on these campaigns he earned the sobriquet "The Pale Death of the Saracens". During the capture of Aleppo, the Byzantine army took possession of 390,000 silver dinars, 2,000 camels, and 1,400 mules. Constantine and his mother ZoÃ«. Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos or Porphyrogenitus, the Purple-born (Greek: ÎšÏ‰Î½ÏƒÏ„Î±Î½Ï„Î¯Î½Î¿Ï‚ Î–Î„ Î Î¿ÏÏ†Ï…ÏÎ¿Î³ÎÎ½Î½Î·Ï„Î¿Ï‚, KÅnstantinos VII PorphyrogennÄ“tos), (Constantinople, September 905 â€“ November 9, 959 in Constantinople) was the son of the Byzantine emperor Leo VI and his fourth wife Zoe Karbonopsina. ... Abbasid provinces during the caliphate of Harun al-Rashid Abbasid was the dynastic name generally given to the caliphs of Baghdad, the second of the two great Sunni dynasties of the Muslim empire. ... Romanus II (939 - 963) succeeded his father Constantine VII as Byzantine emperor in 959 at the age of twenty-one, and died, poisoned, it was believed, by his wife, Theophanu in 963. ... Joseph Bringas was an important Byzantine official under Emperor Romanus II. He opposed the rise to power of Nicepheros II Phokas and was removed from influence due to his failure to stop Nicephoras rise. ... For other uses, see Crete (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Heraklion (disambiguation). ... A Roman Triumph was a civil ceremony and religious rite of ancient Rome, held to publicly honour the military commander (dux) of a notably successful foreign war or campaign and to display the glories of Roman victory. ... The Hippodrome today, with the Walled Obelisk in the foreground Obelisk of Thutmosis III The base of the Obelisk of Thutmosis III showing Theodosius the Great as he offers a laurel wreath to the victor from the Kathisma (emperors box) at the Hippodrome The Delphi Tripod known as the... The Kingdom of Cilician Armenia, 1199-1375. ... Location of the governorate of Aleppo within Syria Aleppo (Arabic: [á¸¥alab], ) is a city in northern Syria, capital of the Aleppo Governorate. ... Ioannes, protected by God and the Virgin Mary. ... This article is about the chemical element. ... A five-dinar note featuring Saddam Hussein The word Dinar (in Arabic and Persian: دينار) traces its origin back to the Roman currency, the denarius (pl. ... For other uses, see Camel (disambiguation). ... In its common modern meaning, a mule is the offspring of a male donkey and a female horse. ...

Early in his life Nicephoros had married Stephano. She had died before he rose to fame, and after her death he took an oath of chastity. This would create problems latter on.

Accession to the throne

On March 15, 963, Emperor Romanos II unexpectedly died at the age of twenty-six. The cause of his death is uncertain. Both contemporary sources and later historians seem to either believe that the young Emperor had exhausted his health with the excesses of his sexual life and his heavy drinking, or suspect Empress Theophano (c. 941–after 976), his wife, of poisoning him. Theophano had already at the time gained a reputation as an intelligent and ambitious woman. She would later gain a reputation for ruthlessness in achieving her goals. Romanos had, before his death, already crowned as co-emperors his two sons Basil II and Constantine VIII. At the time, however, Basil was five years old and Constantine only three years old, and they were not able to assume the duties that came with their title. Theophano was named regent. is the 74th day of the year (75th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Holy Roman Emperor Otto I defeats Mieszko I of Poland, compels him to pay tribute Luxembourg is founded, and the Belgium area becomes part of the United Provinces of the Netherlands. ... Theophano was a Byzantine empress. ... Painting of Basil II, from an 11th century manuscript. ... Constantine VIII (in Greek Konstantinos VIII, written Κωνσταντίνος Η) (960 – November 15, 1028), Byzantine emperor (December 15, 1025 – November 15, 1028) was the son of the Emperor Romanus II and the younger brother of the eminent Basil II, who died childless and thus left the rule of the Byzantine Empire...

But Theophano was not allowed to rule alone. Joseph Bringas, the eunuch palace official who had become Romanos' chief councillor, maintained his position. According to contemporary sources he intended to keep authority in his own hands, rather than those of the young Empress. He also tried to reduce the power of Nikephoros Phokas. The victorious general had been accepted as the actual commander of the army and maintained his strong connections to the aristocracy. Joseph was afraid that Nikephoros could claim the throne with the support of both the army and the aristocracy. Joseph's intrigues during the following months turned both Theophano and Nikephoros against him. Unknown to Joseph, Nikephoros was urged to seize the throne by his nephew John Tzimiskes and entered into negotiations with Theophano. European illustration of a Eunuch (1749) Chief Eunuch of Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II at the Imperial Palace, 1912. ... Ioannes, protected by God and the Virgin Mary. ...

With the help of Theophano and the patriarch, Nikephoros Phokas received supreme command of the eastern forces and, after being proclaimed emperor by them on July 2, 963, he marched upon the capital, where meanwhile his partisans had overthrown his enemy Bringas. Thanks to his popularity with the army, Nikephoros II Phokas was crowned emperor by the side of Romanus's young sons on August 16, 963, and in spite of the patriarch's opposition married their mother, the regent Theophano. is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Holy Roman Emperor Otto I defeats Mieszko I of Poland, compels him to pay tribute Luxembourg is founded, and the Belgium area becomes part of the United Provinces of the Netherlands. ... is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Holy Roman Emperor Otto I defeats Mieszko I of Poland, compels him to pay tribute Luxembourg is founded, and the Belgium area becomes part of the United Provinces of the Netherlands. ...

Later campaigns

During his reign Nikephoros II Phokas continued to wage numerous wars. From 964–966 he conquered Cilicia and again overran Mesopotamia and Syria, while the patrician Niketas recovered Cyprus. In 968 he reduced most of the fortresses in Syria, and after the fall of Antioch and Aleppo in 969, which were recaptured by his lieutenants, he secured his conquests by a peace treaty. On his northern frontier he began a war against Bulgaria in 967, to which the Byzantines had been paying tribute. Nikephoros revoked the tribute and instigated (with 15,000 pounds of gold) Prince Sviatoslav I of Kiev to attack Bulgaria, which he did so effectively, that Nikephoros ended up renewing the alliance with Bulgaria and turning against his own Kievan ally. Mesopotamia was a cradle of civilization geographically located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, largely corresponding to modern-day Iraq. ... Sviatoslavs meeting with Emperor John by Klavdiy Lebedev, an attempt to visualise Leo the Deacons description of Sviatoslav Sviatoslav I of Kiev (East Slavic: Ð¡Ð²ÑÑ‚Ð¾ÑÐ»Ð°Ð² Ð˜Ð³Ð¾Ñ€ÐµÐ²Ð¸Ñ‡) (c. ... Trydent of Yaroslav I Map of the Kievan Rusâ€², 11th century Capital Kiev Religion Orthodox Christianity Government Monarchy Historical era Middle Ages - Established 9th century - Disestablished 12th century Currency Hryvnia Kievan Rusâ€² was the early, predominantly East Slavic[1] medieval state of Rurikid dynasty dominated by the city of Kiev...

At right, Nikephoros II and his stepson Basil II.

Nikephoros II was less successful in his western wars. After renouncing his payments of tribute to the Fatimid caliphs, he sent an expedition to Sicily under Niketas (964–965), but was forced by defeats on land and sea to evacuate that island completely. In 967 he made peace with the Fatimids of Kairawan and turned to defend himself against their common enemy, Otto I, who had proclaimed himself Western emperor and attacked the Byzantine possessions in Italy; but after some initial successes his generals were defeated and driven back to the southern coast. The tension between East and West that resulted from Nikephoros' policies can be glimpsed from Bishop Liutprand of Cremona's very unflattering description of him and his court in his Relatio de legatione Constantinopolitana. Image File history File links Nicephorus II, Phocas, with Basil II. 963-969 AD. AV Solidus (now the Histamenon Nomisma) (4. ... Image File history File links Nicephorus II, Phocas, with Basil II. 963-969 AD. AV Solidus (now the Histamenon Nomisma) (4. ... The Fatimids, Fatimid Caliphate or al-FÄtimiyyÅ«n (Arabic Ø§Ù„ÙØ§Ø·Ù…ÙŠÙˆÙ†) is the Shia dynasty that ruled over varying areas of the Maghreb, Egypt, and the Levant from 5 January 910 to 1171. ... For main article see: Caliphate The Caliph (pronounced khaleef in Arabic) is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Sharia. ... Sicily ( in Italian and Sicilian) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,708 kmÂ² (9,926 sq. ... Kairouan (Kairwan, Al Qayrawan) is a city in Tunisia, about 160 kilometres south of Tunis. ... Liutprand (Liudprand, Luitprand) (c. ...

Diplomacy

Liutprand's description of Nikephoros was clouded by the fact that he was ill-treated while on a diplomatic mission to Constantinople. Nikephoros, a man of war, was not good at diplomacy. To add insult to injury Pope John XIII sent a letter to Nikephoras while Liutprand was in Constantinople calling Otto I emperor of Rome and even more insultingly referring to Nikephoros merely as emperor of the Greeks. Liutprand failed in his goal of getting an imperial princess for the wife of Otto's young son, the future emperor Otto II. John XIII (died September 6, 972) served as Pope from October 1st, 965 until his death in 972. ... Otto II ( 955 – December 7, 983, Rome), was the third German ruler of the Saxon or Ottonian dynasty. ...

Civil administration

Owing to the care which he lavished upon the proper maintenance of the army, Nikephoros II was compelled to exercise rigid economy in other departments. He retrenched the court largesses and curtailed the immunities of the clergy, and although himself of an ascetic disposition forbade the foundation of new monasteries. By his heavy imposts and the debasement of the coinage he forfeited his popularity with the people and gave rise to riots. Last of all, he was forsaken by his wife, and, in consequence of a conspiracy which she headed with his nephew and her lover John Tzimiskes, was assassinated in his sleeping apartment. Following his death, the Phokades family broke into insurrection under Nikephoros' nephew Bardas Phokas, but their revolt was promptly subdued. Nikephoros was the author of an extant treatise on military tactics, most famously the Praecepta Militaria which contains valuable information concerning the art of war in his time, and the less-known De velitatione, which concerned guerilla-like tactics for defence against a superior enemy invasion force. Nikephoros was also a very devout man, and helped his friend, the monk Athanasios, found the monastery of Great Lavra on Mount Athos. The word ascetic derives from the ancient Greek term askesis (practice, training or exercise). ... Monastery of St. ... Anastasius 40 nummi and 5 nummi Byzantine currency, money used in the Eastern Roman Empire after the fall of the West, consisted of mainly two types of coins: the gold solidus and a variety of clearly valued bronze coins. ... Ioannes, protected by God and the Virgin Mary. ... Assassin and Assassins redirect here. ... Bardas Phocas - Vardas Phokas was an eminent Byzantine general of Armenian origine who took a conspicuous part in three revolts pro and contra the ruling Macedonian dynasty. ... Russian icon of St. ... The Monastery of Great Lavra was built by the monk Athanasius of Trebizond with funds from Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus II Phocas who intended to abdicate his throne and become a monk when he was assassinated in 969. ... Capital Karyes Official languages Koine Greek, Church Slavonic, Modern Greek, Russian, Serbian, Georgian, Bulgarian, Romanian (both liturgical and civil use), Modern Greek (civil use) Government - Head of State2 Dora Bakoyannis - Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I Area - Total 390 kmÂ² 150 sq mi Population - estimate 2,250 Demonyms: Athonite, Hagiorite (English); Î‘Î¸Ï‰Î½Î¯Ï„Î·Ï‚, Î‘Î³Î¹Î¿ÏÎ¯Ï„Î·Ï‚ (Greek). ...

Contemporary Descriptions

In Bishop Liutprand's description of Nikephoros, he contemptuously recalls a man of short stature and the colouring of a "Ethiopian". He was indeed short, stout and "distinctly swarthy" but there are differences concerning the emperor's hair. Bishop Liutprand describes it as being short, whereas Leo The Deacon says it was black with "tight curls" and "unusually long". Historians believe Leo's description is more accurate. Liutprand (Liudprand, Luitprand) (c. ... Leo the Deacon was a Byzantine historian and chronicler. ...

Family

By his first marriage to an unnamed Maleina, Nikephoros II Phokas had a son:

Bardas Phokas, who died before 969.

By his second marriage to Empress Theophano, Nikephoros II had no children.

Assassination

With unrest mounting around him, his second wife Theophano took as her lover the soldier John Tzimiskes. Theophano and Tzimiskes would meet in secret and plot Nikephoros' death. Eventually the plot grew to include others. On a blustery night, the conspirators went into the palace dressed as women. Nikephoros was warned that assassins were in the palace, but he paid it no mind. Later, when he was asleep, Tzimiskes and the others sneaked into his bed chamber, alarmed at first to find the bed empty (Nikephoros frequently slept on the floor). Aroused by the noise, Nikephoros rose just when one of the assassins swung his sword in an attempt to decapitate him. It struck him in the face. He was then dragged to the foot of the bed, where Tzimiskes sat. Tzimiskes then shouted accusations to him while ripping off handfuls of his beard. Then, the others had their turn, one knocked his teeth out. His head was cut off and paraded on a spike, while his body was thrown out the window. He was buried at the Church of the Holy Apostles, while John Tzimiskes became Emperor John I. An inscription carved on the side of his tomb reads: "You conquered all but a woman". Theophanu (956 - 991) (also known as Theophano) was born in Constantinople, the daughter of the Byzantine Emperor Romanus II and Theophanu. ... The Church of the Holy Apostles (Greek: Aghioi Apostoloi), also known as the Imperial Polyandreion, was a Christian basilica built in Constantinople (then the capital of the Byzantine Empire) in 550 AD. It was second only to the Church of the Holy Wisdom (Hagia Sophia) among the great churches of...

Descendants

It is claimed that at some period (perhaps after the assassination of Nikephoros II, or with the Latin invasion of Constantinople), the Phokas family moved to the island of Paxi. Today the name is quite common on the island, yet no one has any dynastic claims. Furthermore, some historians claim that a family's branch moved to the area of Mani, building castles and organizing the community. Today the Kavalierakis (Phokas) family is considered to be the descendants of this historic family, which had many heroes during the ages. In Lebanon, the family of Phocas became Nakfour. The Nakfour family originally settled in Hasbaya, a town in south Lebanon, and later on in Deirmimas, also a town in south Lebanon. ^[1] Belligerents Crusaders Holy Roman Empire Republic of Venice Montferret Champagne Blois Amiens ÃŽle-de-France Saint-Pol Burgundy Flanders Balkans Byzantine Empire Kingdom of Hungary Croatia Dalmatia Commanders Otto IV Boniface I Theobald I Lois I Alexios V Doukas Isaac II Angelos Alexios III Angelos Emeric I The Fourth Crusade... The natural port of Gaios, created by the islet Pontikonisi (center) resembles a fjord. ... Map of Greece highlighting the Mani peninsula. ...

Modern honors

On November 19, 2004, the Hellenic Navy named its tenth Kortenaer class frigate in his honour as F-466 Nikiforos Fokas (formerly HMNLS Bloys Van Treslong F 824). Also, in the Rethymno Prefecture in Crete, a municipality (Nikiforos Fokas) is named after him, as are many streets throughout Greece. is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Hellenic Navy (Greek: , PolemikÃ³n NautikÃ³n) is the naval force of the modern nation of Greece (Hellenic Republic). ... HNLMS Kortenaer. ... Rethymno (IPA ) (Greek Î¡ÎÎ¸Ï…Î¼Î½Î¿) is a prefecture in the island of Crete, Greece. ... For other uses, see Crete (disambiguation). ... Nikiforos Fokas (Greek: ÎÎ¹ÎºÎ·Ï†ÏŒÏÎ¿Ï‚ Î¦Ï‰ÎºÎ¬Ï‚) is a municipality in the Rethymno Prefecture, Crete, Greece, named after the 10th century Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros II. Population 6,599 (2001). ...

External links

Media related to Nicephorus II from the Wikimedia Commons.
A more detailed profile of the Emperor
Nicephorean coinage

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ...

References

The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, Oxford University Press, 1991.
This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
[Norwich, John] (1989). Byzantium: The Apogee. NY: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN http://www.amazon.com/Byzantium-Centuries-John-Julius-Norwich/dp/0394537785.

Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium (often abbreviated to ODB) is a three volume book by the Oxford University Press. ... EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica, the eleventh edition The EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910â€“1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the EncyclopÃ¦dia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...

External Links

Greek Opera Omnia by Migne Patrologia Graeca with analytical indexes

Regnal titles
Nikephoros II Macedonian Dynasty Born: c. 912 Died: 969
Preceded by Basil II	Byzantine Emperor 963–969	Succeeded by John I

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Principate 27 BC - AD 235	Augustus · Tiberius · Caligula · Claudius I · Nero · Galba · Otho · Vitellius · Vespasian · Titus · Domitian · Nerva · Trajan · Hadrian · Antoninus Pius · Marcus Aurelius · Lucius Verus · Commodus · Pertinax · Didius Julianus · Septimius Severus · Caracalla · Geta · Macrinus · Elagabalus · Alexander Severus Basil I the Macedonian (Î’Î±ÏƒÎ¯Î»ÎµÎ¹Î¿Ï‚ Î‘) (811 - 886, ruled 867 - 886) - married Michael IIIs widow; died in hunting accident Leo VI the Wise (Î›ÎÏ‰Î½ Î£Î¤ Î¿ Î£Î¿Ï†ÏŒÏ‚) (866 - 912, ruled 886 - 912) â€“ likely either son of Basil I or Michael III; Alexander III (Î‘Î»ÎÎ¾Î±Î½Î´ÏÎ¿Ï‚ Î“ Ï„Î¿Ï… Î’Ï…Î¶Î±Î½Ï„Î¯Î¿Ï…) (870 - 913, ruled 912 - 913) â€“ son of Basil I, regent for nephew... Painting of Basil II, from an 11th century manuscript. ... This is a list of Byzantine Emperors. ... Events Holy Roman Emperor Otto I defeats Mieszko I of Poland, compels him to pay tribute Luxembourg is founded, and the Belgium area becomes part of the United Provinces of the Netherlands. ... Events December 11 - John I becomes Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire. ... Ioannes, protected by God and the Virgin Mary. ... This is a list of the Roman Emperors with the dates they ruled the Roman Empire. ... This is a list of the Emperors of the late Eastern Roman Empire, called Byzantine by modern historians. ... The Principate is, according to its etymological derivation from the Latin word princeps, meaning chief or first, the political regime dominated by such a political leader, whether or not he is formally head of state and/or head of government. ... Events The Emperor Tiberius retires to Capri, leaving the praetorian prefect Sejanus in charge of both Rome and the Empire. ... Events Maximinus Thrax becomes Roman Emperor. ... For other persons named Octavian, see Octavian (disambiguation). ... For other persons named Tiberius, see Tiberius (disambiguation). ... This article is about the Roman emperor. ... For other persons named Claudius, see Claudius (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Nero (disambiguation). ... Servius Sulpicius Galba (December 24, 3 BC â€“ January 15, 69) was Roman Emperor from June 8, 68 until his death. ... Emperor Otho. ... Aulus Vitellius (September 24, 15 â€“ December 22, 69), also called Aulus Vitellius Germanicus Augustus, was Roman Emperor from April 17, 69 to December 22 of the same year, one of the emperors in the Year of the Four Emperors (the others being Galba, Otho, and Vespasian). ... Imperator Caesar Vespasianus Augustus (born November 17, 9, died June 23, 79), known originally as Titus Flavius Vespasianus and usually referred to in English as Vespasian, was emperor of Rome from 69 to 79. ... For other uses, see Titus (disambiguation). ... Titus Flavius Domitianus (24 October 51 â€“ 18 September 96), commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman Emperor of the gens Flavia. ... For other uses, see Nerva (disambiguation). ... This article is about the Roman Emperor. ... Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus (January 24, 76 â€“â€“ July 10, 138), known as Hadrian in English, was emperor of Rome from 117 A.D. to 138 A.D., as well as a Stoic and Epicurean philosopher. ... Titus Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Arrius Antoninus Pius (September 19, 86â€“March 7, 161) was Roman emperor from 138 to 161. ... Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (called the Wise) (April 26, 121[2] â€“ March 17, 180) was Roman Emperor from 161 to his death in 180. ... Lucius Ceionius Commodus Verus Armeniacus (December 15, 130 â€“ 169), known simply as Lucius Verus, was Roman co-emperor with Marcus Aurelius (161â€“180), from 161 until his death. ... Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus (August 31, 161 â€“ December 31, 192) was a Roman Emperor who ruled from 180 to 192. ... Publius Helvius Pertinax (August 1, 126 - March 28, 193) was Roman emperor for a short period in 193. ... Didius Julianus Marcus Severus Didius Julianus (133â€“193) was emperor of the Roman Empire from 28 March until 1 June 193. ... Lucius Septimius Severus (or rarely Severus I) (b. ... Caracalla (April 4, 186 â€“ April 8, 217) was Roman Emperor from 211 â€“ 217. ... Publius Septimius Geta (March 7, 189â€“December 211), was a Roman Emperor co-ruling with his father Septimius Severus and his older brother Caracalla from 209 to his death. ... Macrinus on an aureus. ... A bust depicting Elagabalus. ... Alexander Severus Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexandrus (October 1, 208- March 18?, 235), commonly called Alexander Severus, Roman emperor from 222 to 235, was born at Arca Caesarea in Palestine. ...
Crisis AD 235 - 284	href="/encyclopedia/Maximinus-Thrax" onmouseover="pv(event, 161)" onmouseout="unpv(161)" style="">Maximinus I Thrax · Gordian I · Gordian II · Pupienus · Balbinus · Gordian III · Philip the Arab · Decius · Herennius Etruscus · Trebonianus Gallus · Hostilian · Volusianus · Aemilianus · Valerian · Gallienus · Claudius II · Quintillus · Aurelian · Tacitus · Florianus · Probus · Carus · Carinus · Numerian Emperor Maximinus Thrax, ruled 235-238, was the first of the emperors during the Crisis of the Third Century. ... Events Maximinus Thrax becomes Roman Emperor. ... For other uses, see number 284. ... Gaius Iulius Verus Maximinus (c. ... Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus (c. ... Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus (c. ... Marcus Clodius Pupienus Maximus, born about 178, was an example of ascension in the Roman hierarchical system due to military success. ... Pupienus Marcus Clodius Pupienus Maximus and Decius Caelius Calvinus Balbinus (both died on July 29, 238) were elected co_emperors by the Roman senate on April 22, 238 after the failure of Gordian I and Gordian II to defeat the usurper Maximinus Thrax. ... Marcus Antonius Gordianus Pius (January 20, 225 - February 11, 244), known in English as Gordian III, was Roman Emperor from 238 to 244. ... Marcus Julius Philippus (c. ... â€œDeciusâ€ redirects here. ... Quintus Herennius Etruscus Messius Decius (c. ... Trebonianus Gallus on a coin celebrating Aeternitas. ... Hostilian celebrating Securitas, the security of the Roman Empire. ... Volusianus protrait on a tetradrachm. ... Aemilianus celebrating peace-maker Mars god of war. ... Publius Licinius Valerianus[1] (c. ... Gallienus depicted on a lead seal Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus (218-268) ruled the Roman Empire as co-emperor with his father Valerian from 253 to 260, and then as the sole Roman Emperor from 260 to 268. ... Claudius Gothicus on a coin celebrating his equity (AEQUITAS AUGUSTI). ... Quintillus picture on a coin. ... Lucius Domitius Aurelianus[1] (September 9, 214â€“September 275), known in English as Aurelian, Roman Emperor (270â€“275), was the second of several highly successful soldier-emperors who helped the Roman Empire regain its power during the latter part of the third century and the beginning of the fourth. ... Emperor Tacitus on a coin. ... Hercules crowning Florianus. ... This antoninianus minted under Probus (c. ... Marcus Aurelius Carus (c. ... Marcus Aurelius Carinus, Roman emperor, 283 - July, 285, was the elder son of the emperor Carus, on whose accession he was appointed governor of the western portion of the empire. ... Numerian, on a coin as caesar Marcus Aurelius Numerianus (d. ...
Dominate AD 284 - 395	Diocletian · Maximian · Constantius I · Galerius · Severus II · Maxentius · Maximinus II Daia · Licinius · Valerius Valens · Martinianus · Constantine I · Constantine II · Constans I · Constantius II · Magnentius · Vetranio · Julian the Apostate · Jovian · Valentinian I · Valens · Gratian · Valentinian II · Magnus Maximus · Eugenius · Theodosius I The Dominate was the despotic last of the two phases of government in the ancient Roman Empire between its establishment in 27 BC and the formal date of the collapse of the Western Empire in AD 476. ... For other uses, see number 284. ... Events After the death of emperor Theodosius I, the Roman Empire is divided in an eastern and a western half. ... Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus (c. ... Maximian Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Herculius (c. ... On the reverse of this argenteus struck in Antioch under Constantius Chlorus, the tetrarcs are sacrificing to celebrate a victory against the Sarmatians. ... Galerius Maximianus (c. ... Flavius Valerius Severus as caesar. ... Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius ( 278-28 October 312) was Western Roman Emperor from 306 to 312. ... This article deals with 4th century Roman Emperor. ... Aureus of Licinius, celebrating his tenth year of reign and the fifth year of his son Licinius (on the obverse). ... Aurelius Valerius Valens (? - 317) was Roman emperor from December 316 to March 1, 317. ... Sextus Marcius(?) Martinianus (? - 325) was Roman emperor from July to September 18, 324. ... Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus[2] (27 February c. ... Flavius Claudius Constantinus, known in English as Constantine II, (316 â€“ 340) was Roman Emperor from 337 to 340. ... Flavius Julius Constans (320 - 350), was a Roman Emperor who ruled from 337 to 350. ... Flavius Iulius Constantius, known in English as Constantius II, (7 August 317 - 3 November 361) was a Roman Emperor (337 - 361) of the Constantinian dynasty. ... Magnentius (303â€“August 11, 353) was a Roman usurper (January 18, 350 â€“ August 11, 353). ... Vetranio (d. ... Flavius Claudius Iulianus (331â€“June 26, 363), was a Roman Emperor (361â€“363) of the Constantinian dynasty. ... This siliqua of Jovian, ca 363, celebrates his fifth year of reign, as a good omen. ... Flavius Valentinianus, known in English as Valentinian I, (321 - November 17, 375) was a Roman Emperor (364-375). ... Solidus minted by Valens in 376. ... A coin of Gratian. ... A marble statue of Emperor Valentinian II, Aphrodisias Geyre (Aydin, Anatolia), 387â€“390. ... Magnus Maximus. ... Eugenius wearing imperial insigna, on a coin celebrateing the VIRTVS ROMANORVM, the (military) value of the Romans. Flavius Eugenius (d. ... An engraving depicting what Theodosius may have looked like, ca. ...
Western Empire AD 395 - 480	Honorius · Constantius III · Joannes · Valentinian III · Petronius Maximus · Avitus · Majorian · Libius Severus · Anthemius · Olybrius · Glycerius · Julius Nepos · Romulus Augustus This is a list of the Roman Emperors with the dates they ruled the Roman Empire. ... Events After the death of emperor Theodosius I, the Roman Empire is divided in an eastern and a western half. ... Events Odoacer defeats an attempt by Julius Nepos to recapture Italy, and has Julius killed; Odoacer also captured Dalmatia. ... Flavius Honorius (September 9, 384â€“August 15, 423) was Roman Emperor (393- 395) and then Western Roman Emperor from 395 until his death. ... Costantius on a solidus. ... Joannes, Roman Emperor (423 - 425) On the death of the Emperor Honorius (August 27, 423), Theodosius II, the remaining ruler of the House of Theodosius hesitated for some time in announcing his uncles death and in the interregum Honorius patrician at the time of his death, Castinus, elevated Joannes... Solidus minted in Thessalonica to celebrate the marriage of Valentinian III to Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of the Eastern Emperor Theodosius II. On the reverse, the three of them in wedding dresses. ... Petronius Maximus on a coin. ... Avitus on a tremissis. ... Majorian on an bronze coin. ... Libius Severus was a Western Roman Emperor. ... Procopius Anthemius (c. ... Anicius Olybrius, Western Roman Emperor (July 11 - October 23, 472), was a member of a noble family and a native of Rome. ... Glycerius (c. ... Julius Nepos on a coin. ... This article is about the Roman Emperor. ...
Eastern Empire AD 395 - 610	Arcadius · Theodosius II · Pulcheria · Marcian · Leo I · Leo II · Zeno · Basiliscus · Anastasius I · Justin I · Justinian I · Justin II · Tiberius II Constantine · Maurice · Phocas This is a list of the Roman Emperors with the dates they ruled the Roman Empire. ... Events After the death of emperor Theodosius I, the Roman Empire is divided in an eastern and a western half. ... Events October 4 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas and becomes Emperor. ... Idealising bust of Arcadius in the Theodosian style combines elements of classicism with the new hieratic style (Istanbul Archaeology Museum) Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Arcadius For the Greek grammarian, see Arcadius of Antioch. ... Theodosius II Flavius Theodosius II (April, 401 - July 28, 450 ). The eldest son of Eudoxia and Arcadius who at the age of 7 became the Roman Emperor of the East. ... Pulcheria (January 19, 399 â€“ 453) was the daughter of the Eastern Roman Emperor Arcadius and Aelia Eudoxia. ... Another but lesser Marcian was a son-in-law of Byzantine Emperor Leo I and his queen Verina. ... Leo I coin. ... Imperator Caesar Flavius Leo Augustus or Leo II (467- November 17, 474) served as Eastern Roman Emperor from January 18 to November 17, 474. ... Flavius Zeno (c. ... For the genus of lizards, see Basiliscus (genus). ... Flavius Anastasius. ... Flavius Iustinus Augustus. ... This article is about the Roman emperor. ... Flavius Iustinus Iunior Augustus Flavius Iustinus Iunior Augustus or Justin The Divine (c. ... Flavius Tiberius Constantinus Augustus or Tiberius II Constantine (c. ... A solidus of Maurikios reign. ... Phocas on a contemporary coin Flavius Phocas Augustus, Eastern Roman Emperor (reigned 602â€“610), is perhaps one of the most maligned figures to have held the Imperial title in the long history of Rome and Byzantium. ...
Byzantine Empire AD 610 - 1204	Heraclius · Constantine III · Heraklonas · Constans II · Mezezius · Constantine IV · Justinian II · Leontios · Tiberios III · Philippikos · Anastasios II · Theodosios III · Leo III the Isaurian · Constantine V · Artabasdos · Leo IV the Khazar · Constantine VI · Irene · Nikephoros I · Staurakios · Michael I Rangabe · Leo V the Armenian · Michael II · Theophilos · Theodora I · Michael III · Basil I · Leo VI the Wise · Alexander · Constantine VII · Romanos I · Romanos II · Nikephoros II · John I Tzimiskes · Basil II · Constantine VIII · Zoe · Romanos III · Michael IV · Michael V · Constantine IX · Theodora II · Michael VI · Isaac I · Constantine X · Michael VII · Romanos IV · Nikephoros III · Alexios I · John II · Manuel I · Alexios II · Andronikos I · Isaac II · Alexios III Angelos · Alexios IV · Nikolaos Kanabos · Alexios V This is a list of the Emperors of the late Eastern Roman Empire, called Byzantine by modern historians. ... Events October 4 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas and becomes Emperor. ... [Neilhughandafriendlypeasant. ... For the Patriarch of Jerusalem, see Patriarch Heraclius of Jerusalem. ... Roman coin depicting, on its face, Heraclius and his sons Heraclius Constantine and Heraclonas Heraclius Constantine or Constantine III (May 3, 612 - April 20/24 or May 26, 641) was the eldest son of the Byzantine emperor Heraclius and his first wife Eudocia, and ruled as Emperor for four months... Herakleios with his sons Constantine III and Heraklonas. ... Constans and his son Constantine. ... Mezezius also known as Mecetius, Bizantine usurper in Sicily from 668 to 669. ... Constantine IV on a contemporary coin Constantine IV (649-685); sometimes incorrectly called Pogonatus, meaning the Bearded, like his father; was Byzantine emperor from 668-685. ... Justinian II, known as Rhinotmetus (the Split-nosed) (669-711) was a Byzantine emperor of the Heraclian Dynasty, reigned from 685 to 695 and again from 704 to 711. ... Leontios, showing the symbols of power: the crown, the globus cruciger, and the akakia. ... Tiberius III, the German commander Apsimar. ... Philippikos (FILIPICUS) coin, celebrating the victories of the emperor (VICTORIA AVGU). ... Anastasios II kept his name, Artemios, also on his coinage; this solidus bears the legend APTEMIUS ANASTASIUS. Anastasios II or Anastasius II (Greek: Î‘Î½Î±ÏƒÏ„Î¬ÏƒÎ¹Î¿Ï‚ Î’Î„), (died 718), Byzantine emperor, from 713 to 715. ... Theodosios III or Theodosius III (Greek: Î˜ÎµÎ¿Î´ÏŒÏƒÎ¹Î¿Ï‚ Î“Î„), was Byzantine Emperor from 715 to March 25, 717. ... Leo the Isaurian and his son Constantine V. Leo III the Isaurian or the Syrian (Greek: Î›ÎÏ‰Î½ Î“Î„, LeÅn III ), (c. ... Constantine V with his father Leo III the Isaurian. ... Artavasdos (erroneously Artabasdos or Artabasdus), (Greek: Î‘ÏÏ„Î±ÏÎ±ÏƒÎ´Î¿Ï‚, Artauasdos, from Armenian: Ô±Ö€Õ¿Õ¡Õ¾Õ¡Õ¦Õ¤, Artavazd ), was Byzantine Emperor from June 741 or 742 until November 743. ... Leo IV the Khazar (Greek: Î›ÎÏ‰Î½ Î”Î„, LeÅn IV ), (January 25, 750 â€“ September 8, 780), Byzantine Emperor from 775 to 780. ... Constantine VI (Greek: ÎšÏ‰Î½ÏƒÏ„Î±Î½Ï„Î¯Î½Î¿Ï‚ ÏšÎ„, KÅnstantinos VI; 771â€“797 or 805) was Byzantine Emperor from 780 to 797. ... This solidus struck under Irene reports the legend bASILISSH, Basilissa. ... Nikephoros I and his son and successor, Stauracius. ... Staurakios on a coin issued by his father Nikephoros I. Staurakios or Stauracius (Greek: Î£Ï„Î±Ï…ÏÎ¬ÎºÎ¹Î¿Ï‚), (d. ... Michael I on a contemporary coin Michael I Rangabe (Greek: ÎœÎ¹Ï‡Î±Î®Î» Î‘Î„ Î¡Î±Î³Î³Î±Î²Î, MikhaÄ“l I Rangabe), (died January 11, 844) was Byzantine Emperor (811 - 813). ... Contemporary coin of Leo V. Leo V, surnamed The Armenian (775 â€“ December 24, 820), was emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 813 to 820, after first distinguishing himself as a general in the reigns of Nicephorus I and Michael I Rhangabes. ... Michael II and his son Theophilos, founders of the Amorian dynasty. ... Theophilus, in the Chronicle of John Skylitzes Theophilos or Theophilus (Greek: Î˜ÎµÏŒÏ†Î¹Î»Î¿Ï‚), (813 â€“ 20 January 842) was Byzantine emperor from 829 to 842. ... Theodora depicted as ruler on this coin, with her son Michael, nominally emperor, and her daughter Thecla on the reverse. ... This coin struck during the regency of Theodora shows how Michael was less prominent than his mother, who is represented as ruler alone on the obverse, and even than his sister Thecla, who is depicted together with the young Michael on the reverse of this coin. ... Basil, his son Constantine, and his second wife, emperess Eudoxia Ingerina. ... This follis by Leo VI bears the Byzantine Emperors official title, BASILEVS ROMEON, Emperor of the Romans; translation of text: Leo, by the grace of God, King of Romans Leo VI the Wise or the Philosopher (Greek: Î›ÎÏ‰Î½ Î£Î¤Î„, LeÅn VI, Armenian: [1]), (September 19, 866 â€“ May 11, 912) was Byzantine... A Byzantine Mosaic portrait of Emperor Alexander (870 - 913) which was completed in the Emperors short reign. ... Constantine and his mother ZoÃ«. Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos or Porphyrogenitus, the Purple-born (Greek: ÎšÏ‰Î½ÏƒÏ„Î±Î½Ï„Î¯Î½Î¿Ï‚ Î–Î„ Î Î¿ÏÏ†Ï…ÏÎ¿Î³ÎÎ½Î½Î·Ï„Î¿Ï‚, KÅnstantinos VII PorphyrogennÄ“tos), (Constantinople, September 905 â€“ November 9, 959 in Constantinople) was the son of the Byzantine emperor Leo VI and his fourth wife Zoe Karbonopsina. ... Contemporary coin of Romanus I. Romanos I Lekapenos or Romanus I Lecapenus (Greek: Î¡Ï‰Î¼Î±Î½ÏŒÏ‚ Î‘Î„ Î›Î±ÎºÎ±Ï€Î®Î½Î¿Ï‚, RÅmanos I LakapÄ“nos) (c. ... Romanus II (939 - 963) succeeded his father Constantine VII as Byzantine emperor in 959 at the age of twenty-one, and died, poisoned, it was believed, by his wife, Theophanu in 963. ... Ioannes, protected by God and the Virgin Mary. ... Painting of Basil II, from an 11th century manuscript. ... Constantine VIII (in Greek Konstantinos VIII, written Κωνσταντίνος Η) (960 – November 15, 1028), Byzantine emperor (December 15, 1025 – November 15, 1028) was the son of the Emperor Romanus II and the younger brother of the eminent Basil II, who died childless and thus left the rule of the Byzantine Empire... Empress Zoe as depicted in a mosaic from the Hagia Sophia Zoe (in Greek Î–Ï‰Î®, meaning life), (c. ... Romanus III. Romanos III Argyros or Romanus III Argyrus (Greek: Î¡Ï‰Î¼Î±Î½ÏŒÏ‚ Î“Î„ Î‘ÏÎ³Ï…ÏÏŒÏ‚, RÅmanos III Argyros), (968 â€“ April 11, 1034) was Byzantine emperor (November 15, 1028 - April 11, 1034). ... Michael IV (1010 â€“ December 10, 1041), called the Paphlagonian (in Greek, ÎœÎ¹Ï‡Î±Î®Î» Î Î±Ï†Î»Î±Î³ÏŽÎ½, meaning from the province of Paphlagonia), was Byzantine emperor from April 11, 1034 to December 10, 1041. ... Michael V Calaphates (1015 - August 24, 1042) (in Greek Μιχαήλ Καλαφάτης, meaning the caulker), was the nephew and successor as Byzantine emperor of Michael IV and adoptive son of his wife Zoë. ... Mosaic of Constantine IX and Empress Zoe Constantine IX Monomachus (c. ... Theodora (in Greek Θεοδώρα, literally meaning Gift of God, lived 981 - August 31, 1056) ruled as Byzantine Empress from January 11, 1055 to August 31, 1056. ... Michael VI Stratioticus, the warlike, was Byzantine emperor (1056 - 1057). ... Isaac coin. ... Constantine X Ducas (1006 - May, 1067) was the emperor of the Byzantine Empire (1059 - 1067). ... Michael VII Ducas or Parapinakes, was the eldest son of Constantine X Ducas and Eudocia Macrembolitissa. ... Diptych of Romanus and Eudocia Macrembolitissa, crowned by Christ (BibliothÃ¨que nationale de France) Romanos IV Diogenes or Romanus IV Diogenes (Greek: Î¡Ï‰Î¼Î±Î½ÏŒÏ‚ Î”Î„ Î”Î¹Î¿Î³ÎÎ½Î·Ï‚, RÅmanos IV DiogenÄ“s) was Byzantine emperor from 1068 to 1071. ... Nicephorus Botaniates. ... Emperor Alexios I Komnenos Alexios I Komnenos or Alexius I Comnenus (Greek: ; Latin: ; 1048 â€“ August 15, 1118), Byzantine emperor (1081â€“1118), was the son of John Komnenos and Anna Dalassena and the nephew of Isaac I Komnenos (emperor 1057â€“1059). ... â€œJohn Komnenusâ€ redirects here. ... For the eldest son of Andronikos I Komnenos and father of Alexios I of Trebizond, see Manuel Komnenos (born 1145). ... Alexios II Komnenos or Alexius II Comnenus (Greek: Î‘Î»ÎÏ‡Î¹Î¿Ï‚ Î’â€™ ÎšÎ¿Î¼Î½Î·Î½ÏŒÏ‚, Alexios II KomnÄ“nos) (14 September 1169 â€“ October 1183, Constantinople), Byzantine emperor (1180-1183), was the son of Emperor Manuel I Komnenos and Maria, daughter of Raymond, prince of Antioch. ... Billon trachy (a cup-shaped coin) of Andronikos I Komnenos (1183-1185) Andronikos I Komnenos or Andronicus I Comnenus (Greek: Î‘Î½Î´ÏÏŒÎ½Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï‚ Î‘â€™ ÎšÎ¿Î¼Î½Î·Î½ÏŒÏ‚, Andronikos I KomnÄ“nos) (c. ... Isaac II Angelos or Angelus (Greek: Î™ÏƒÎ±Î¬ÎºÎ¹Î¿Ï‚ Î’â€™ Î†Î³Î³ÎµÎ»Î¿Ï‚, Isaakios II Angelos) (September 1156 â€“ January 1204) was Byzantine emperor from 1185 to 1195, and again from 1203 to 1204. ... Alexios III Angelos or Alexius III Angelus (Greek: Î‘Î»ÎÎ¾Î¹Î¿Ï‚ Î“ Î†Î³Î³ÎµÎ»Î¿Ï‚) (c. ... Emperor Alexios IV Alexios IV Angelos or Alexius IV Angelus (Greek: Î‘Î»ÎÎ¾Î¹Î¿Ï‚ Î” Î†Î³Î³ÎµÎ»Î¿Ï‚) (c. ... Nikolaos Kanabos was elected Emperor of Byzantium on the 25. ... Alexios V Doukas Mourtzouphlos or Alexius V Ducas Murtzuphlus (Greek: Î‘Î»ÎÎ¾Î¹Î¿Ï‚ Î•Î„ Î”Î¿ÏÎºÎ±Ï‚ ÎœÎ¿ÏÏÏ„Î¶Î¿Ï…Ï†Î»Î¿Ï‚) (d. ...
Empire of Nicea AD 1204 - 1261	Constantine Laskaris · Theodore I · John III · Theodore II · John IV This is a list of the Emperors of the late Eastern Roman Empire, called Byzantine by modern historians. ... [Neilhughandafriendlypeasant. ... Events July 25 - Constantinople re-captured by Nicaean forces under the command of Michael VIII Palaeologus, Byzantine Empire re-formed August 29 - Urban IV becomes Pope, the last man to do so without being a Cardinal first Bela IV of Hungary repels Tatar invasion Charles of Anjou given rule of... Constantine Laskaris (Greek ÎšÏ‰Î½ÏƒÏ„Î±Î½Ï„Î¯Î½Î¿Ï‚ Î›Î¬ÏƒÎºÎ±ÏÎ·Ï‚) was Byzantine emperor for a few months in 1204. ... The Latin Empire, Empire of Nicaea, Empire of Trebizond and the Despotate of Epirus. ... John III Doukas Vatatzes or Ducas Vatatzes (Greek: Î™Ï‰Î¬Î½Î½Î·Ï‚ Î“Î„ Î”Î¿ÏÎºÎ±Ï‚ Î’Î±Ï„Î¬Ï„Î¶Î·Ï‚, IÅannÄ“s III Doukas BatatzÄ“s) (c. ... Theodore II Doukas Laskaris or Ducas Lascaris (Greek: Î˜ÎµÏŒÎ´Ï‰ÏÎ¿Ï‚ Î’Î„ Î”Î¿ÏÎºÎ±Ï‚ Î›Î¬ÏƒÎºÎ±ÏÎ¹Ï‚, TheodÅros II Doukas Laskaris) (1221/1222â€“August 18, 1258) was emperor of Nicaea, 1254â€“1258. ... John IV Doukas Laskaris or Ducas Lascaris (Greek: Î™Ï‰Î¬Î½Î½Î·Ï‚ Î”Î„ Î”Î¿ÏÎºÎ±Ï‚ Î›Î¬ÏƒÎºÎ±ÏÎ¹Ï‚, IÅannÄ“s IV Doukas Laskaris), December 25, 1250 - c. ...
Byzantine Empire AD 1261 - 1453	Michael VIII · Andronikos II · Andronikos III · John V · John VI · Matthew · Andronikos IV · John VII · Andronikos V · Manuel II · John VIII · Constantine XI This is a list of the Emperors of the late Eastern Roman Empire, called Byzantine by modern historians. ... Events July 25 - Constantinople re-captured by Nicaean forces under the command of Michael VIII Palaeologus, Byzantine Empire re-formed August 29 - Urban IV becomes Pope, the last man to do so without being a Cardinal first Bela IV of Hungary repels Tatar invasion Charles of Anjou given rule of... April 2 - Mehmed II begins his siege of Constantinople (Ä°stanbul). ... The Byzantine Empire in 1265 (William R. Shepherd, Historical Atlas, 1911) Michael VIII Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek: ÎœÎ¹Ï‡Î±Î®Î» Î—Î„ Î Î±Î»Î±Î¹Î¿Î»ÏŒÎ³Î¿Ï‚, MikhaÄ“l VIII Palaiologos) (1224/1225 â€“ December 11, 1282) reigned as Byzantine emperor 1259â€“1282. ... Andronikos II Palaiologos or Andronicus II Palaeologus (Greek: ) (1259/1260 â€“ February 13, 1332), reigned as Byzantine emperor 1282â€“1328. ... Andronikos III Palaiologos or Andronicus III Palaeologus (Greek: Î‘Î½Î´ÏÏŒÎ½Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï‚ Î“ Î Î±Î»Î±Î¹Î¿Î»ÏŒÎ³Î¿Ï‚) (March 25, 1297 - June 15, 1341) reigned as Byzantine emperor 1328â€“1341, after being rival emperor since 1321. ... John V Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek: , IÅannÄ“s V Palaiologos), (1332 â€“ February 16, 1391) was the son of Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos and Anna of Savoy. ... John VI Kantakouzenos or Cantacuzene (Greek: Î™Ï‰Î¬Î½Î½Î·Ï‚ Î£Î¤Î„ ÎšÎ±Î½Ï„Î±ÎºÎ¿Ï…Î¶Î·Î½ÏŒÏ‚, IÅannÄ“s VI KantakouzÄ“nos) (c. ... Matthew Kantakouzenos or Cantacuzenus (Greek: ÎœÎ±Ï„Î¸Î±Î¯Î¿Ï‚ Î‘ÏƒÎ¬Î½Î·Ï‚ ÎšÎ±Î½Ï„Î±ÎºÎ¿Ï…Î¶Î·Î½ÏŒÏ‚, Matthaios AsanÄ“s KantakouzÄ“nos) (c. ... Andronikos IV Palaiologos or Andronicus IV Palaeologus (Greek: Î‘Î½Î´ÏÏŒÎ½Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï‚ Î” Î Î±Î»Î±Î¹Î¿Î»ÏŒÎ³Î¿Ï‚) (April 2, 1348â€“June 28, 1385), was Byzantine emperor from 1376 to 1379. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Andronikos V Palaiologos or Andronicus V Palaeologus (Greek: Î‘Î½Î´ÏÏŒÎ½Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï‚ Î• Î Î±Î»Î±Î¹Î¿Î»ÏŒÎ³Î¿Ï‚) (c. ... Emperor Manuel II Manuel II Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek: ÎœÎ±Î½Î¿Ï…Î®Î» Î’Î„ Î Î±Î»Î±Î¹Î¿Î»ÏŒÎ³Î¿Ï‚, ManouÄ“l II Palaiologos) (June 27, 1350 â€“ July 21, 1425) was Byzantine emperor from 1391 to 1425. ... John VIII Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek Î™Ï‰Î¬Î½Î½Î·Ï‚ Î— Î Î±Î»Î±Î¹Î¿Î»ÏŒÎ³Î¿Ï‚, IÅannÄ“s VIII Palaiologos) (December 18 1392 â€“ October 31, 1448), was Byzantine Emperor from 1425 to 1448. ... Constantine XI: The last Byzantine emperor is considered a saint by the Eastern Orthodox Church. ...

Categories: Byzantine emperors | Macedonian dynasty | 912 births | 969 deaths

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