Nikola Tesla Никола Тесла
I have harnessed the cosmic rays and caused them to operate a motive device.[1]
Born	10 July 1856(1856-07-10) Smiljan, Croatia
Died	7 January 1943 (aged 86) New York City, New York, U.S.
Residence	Austrian Empire (Austria-Hungary) France U.S.
Fields	Physics, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering
Known for	Inventions, alternating current, induction motor, rotating magnetic field, and wireless technology
Notable awards	Edison Medal (AIEE, 1916), Elliott Cresson Gold Medal (1893), John Scott Medal (1934)
Signature

Nikola Tesla (Nih koh la TESS lah) ^[2](Serbian Cyrillic: Никола Тесла) (10 July 1856 – 7 January 1943) was an inventor, physicist, mechanical and electrical engineer. Born in Smiljan, Lika, a part of Croatia under the Austrian Empire, he was an ethnic Serb, but never lived in Serbia, visiting there only once in his entire life. He was a patriotic and proud American citizen living in New York City for his entire adult life. Tesla is best known for many revolutionary contributions in the field of electricity and magnetism in the late 19th and early 20th century. Tesla's patents and theoretical work formed the basis of modern alternating current electric power (AC) systems, including the polyphase power distribution systems and the AC motor, with which he helped usher in the Second Industrial Revolution. Contemporary biographers of Tesla have deemed him The Father of Physics and the man who invented the twentieth century^[3] and "the patron saint of modern electricity".^[4] Download high resolution version (390x640, 35 KB)An engraving of Nikola Tesla, from http://www. ... is the 191st day of the year (192nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1856 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Smiljan is a village in the mountainous region of Lika, Croatia. ... is the 7th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... This article is about the state. ... For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation) Motto In God We Trust(since 1956) (From Many, One; Latin, traditional) Anthem The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City National language English (de facto)1 Demonym American... Anthem Volkshymne (Peoples Anthem) The Austrian Empire Capital Vienna Language(s) German Hungarian Romanian Czech Slovakian Slovenian Croatian Serbian Italian Polish Ruthenian Religion Roman Catholic Government Monarchy History  - Established 1804  - Ausgleich 1867 The Crown of the Austrian Emperor The Austrian Empire (German: ) was a modern era successor empire founded... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ... For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation) Motto In God We Trust(since 1956) (From Many, One; Latin, traditional) Anthem The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City National language English (de facto)1 Demonym American... A magnet levitating above a high-temperature superconductor demonstrates the Meissner effect. ... Mechanical Engineering is an engineering discipline that involves the application of principles of physics for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems. ... Electrical Engineers design power systems. ... For the musical form, see Invention (music). ... City lights viewed in a motion blurred exposure. ... Induction Motor (IM) is one kind of AC motor where power is supplied to the rotating device by induction. ... It has been suggested that Magnetic field density be merged into this article or section. ... The term wireless technology is generally used for mobile IT equipment. ... The IEEE Edison Medal is presented by the IEEE for a career of meritorious achievement in electrical science, electrical engineering or the electrical arts. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... is the 191st day of the year (192nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1856 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... is the 7th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Inventor (disambiguation). ... Not to be confused with physician, a person who practices medicine. ... Mechanical engineering is the application of physical principles to the creation of useful devices, objects and machines. ... An engineers degree is an academic degree which is intermediate in rank between a masters degree and a doctorate; it is occasionally to be encountered in the United States in technical fields. ... Smiljan is a village in the mountainous region of Lika, Croatia. ... Lika is a mountainous region in central Croatia, roughly bound by the Velebit mountain from the southwest and the PljeÅ¡evica mountain from the northeast. ... Anthem Volkshymne (Peoples Anthem) The Austrian Empire Capital Vienna Language(s) German Hungarian Romanian Czech Slovakian Slovenian Croatian Serbian Italian Polish Ruthenian Religion Roman Catholic Government Monarchy History  - Established 1804  - Ausgleich 1867 The Crown of the Austrian Emperor The Austrian Empire (German: ) was a modern era successor empire founded... Languages Serbian Religions Predominantly Serbian Orthodox Christian Related ethnic groups Other Slavic peoples, especially South Slavs See Cognate peoples below (* many Serbs opted for Yugoslav ethnicity) [27] Serbs (Serbian: Срби or Srbi) are a South Slavic people who live mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in... Population of the United States, 1790 to 2000 The demographics of the United States depict a largely urban nation, with 57 percent of its population living in places more than 100 miles away from the ocean (2003). ... Electromagnetism is the physics of the electromagnetic field: a field, encompassing all of space, composed of the electric field and the magnetic field. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... Nikola Tesla with his invention, a wireless lightbulb powered by the electric field surrounding it. ... City lights viewed in a motion blurred exposure. ... For delivered electrical power, see Electrical power industry. ... A polyphase system is a means of distributing alternating current electrical power. ... Electricity distribution is the penultimate process in the delivery of electric power, the part between transmission and user purchase from an electricity retailer. ... For other kinds of motors, see motor. ... Bessemer converter The Second Industrial Revolution (1870–1914) is a phrase used by some historians to describe an assumed second phase of the Industrial Revolution. ... Saint Quentin is the patron saint of locksmiths and is also invoked against coughs and sneezes. ...

After his demonstration of wireless communication (radio) in 1894 and after being the victor in the "War of Currents", he was widely respected as America's greatest electrical engineer.^[5] Much of his early work pioneered modern electrical engineering and many of his discoveries were of groundbreaking importance. During this period, in the United States, Tesla's fame rivaled that of any other inventor or scientist in history or popular culture,^[6] but due to his eccentric personality and unbelievable and sometimes bizarre claims about possible scientific and technological developments, Tesla was ultimately ostracized and regarded as a "mad scientist".^[7][8] Never having put much focus on his finances, Tesla died impoverished at the age of 86. For other uses, see Radio (disambiguation). ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... // In the War of Currents era (sometimes, War of the Currents or Battle of Currents) in the late 1880s, George Westinghouse and Thomas Edison became adversaries due to Edisons promotion of direct current (DC) for electric power distribution over the alternating current (AC) advocated by Westinghouse and Nikola Tesla. ... HIStory – Past, Present and Future, Book I is a double album by American singer Michael Jackson released in June 1995 and remains Jacksons most conflicting and controversial release. ... Popular culture (or pop culture) is the widespread cultural elements in any given society that are perpetuated through that societys vernacular language or lingua franca. ... They LAUGHED at my theories at the institute! Fools! Ill destroy them all! Caucasian, male, aging, crooked teeth, messy hair, lab coat, spectacles/goggles, dramatic posing — one popular stereotype of mad scientist. ...

The SI unit measuring magnetic flux density or magnetic induction (commonly known as the magnetic field ), the tesla, was named in his honour (at the Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures, Paris, 1960). Look up si, Si, SI in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Current flowing through a wire produces a magnetic field (B, labeled M here) around the wire. ... In physics, magnetism is a phenomenon by which materials exert an attractive or repulsive force on other materials. ... For the indie-pop band, see The Magnetic Fields. ... SI unit. ... This article is about the capital of France. ...

Aside from his work on electromagnetism and engineering, Tesla is said to have contributed in varying degrees to the establishment of robotics, remote control, radar and computer science, and to the expansion of ballistics, nuclear physics^[9], and theoretical physics. In 1943, the Supreme Court of the United States credited him as being the inventor of the radio.^[10] Many of his achievements have been used, with some controversy, to support various pseudosciences, UFO theories, and early new age occultism. Tesla is honoured in Serbia and Croatia, as well as in Czech Republic (he was awarded the highest order of the White Lion by Czechoslovakia) and in unofficial ways in his adopted home, the United States. This box:      Electromagnetism is the physics of the electromagnetic field: a field which exerts a force on particles that possess the property of electric charge, and is in turn affected by the presence and motion of those particles. ... The Shadow robot hand system holding a lightbulb. ... For other uses, see Remote control (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Radar (disambiguation). ... Computer science, or computing science, is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems. ... For other uses, see Ballistics (disambiguation). ... This box:      Nuclear physics is the branch of physics concerned with the nucleus of the atom. ... Theoretical physics employs mathematical models and abstractions of physics in an attempt to explain experimental data taken of the natural world. ... The Supreme Court of the United States (sometimes colloquially referred to by the acronym SCOTUS[1]) is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. ... // Within the timeline of radio, many people were involved in the invention of radio transmission of information as we know it today. ... For the Wikipedia policy regarding controversial issues in articles, see Wikipedia:Guidelines for controversial articles. ... A typical 18th century phrenology chart. ... UFO redirects here. ... New Age describes a broad movement characterized by alternative approaches to traditional Western culture. ... For other uses, see Occult (disambiguation). ... Anthem:  Serbia() on the European continent()  —  [] Capital (and largest city) Belgrade Official languages Serbian Recognised regional languages Hungarian, Slovak, Romanian, Croatian, Rusyn 1 Albanian 2 Demonym Serbian Government Parliamentary Democracy  -  President Boris Tadić  -  Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica    -  First state 7th century   -  Serbian Kingdom3 1217   -  Serbian Empire 1345   -  Independence lost... 4th Class Medal of the Order of the White Lion, Military Division The Order of the White Lion is the highest order of the Czech Republic, which continues a Czechoslovak order of the same name created in 1922 as an award for foreigners ( Czechoslovakia had no decoration for its citizens...

Early years

Tesla was born to Serbian parents in the village of Smiljan near Gospić, in the Lika region in Krajina, Croatia. According to legend, he was born precisely at midnight during an electrical storm. Smiljan is a village in the mountainous region of Lika, Croatia. ... Gospić is a town in the mountainous and sparsely populated region of Lika, Croatia. ... Lika is a mountainous region in central Croatia, roughly bound by the Velebit mountain from the southwest and the PljeÅ¡evica mountain from the northeast. ... Krajina, meaning border, is a Slavic toponym which might mean: Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosanska Krajina, same, but around Banja Luka and encompassing a larger area Cazinska Krajina, borderland of Bosnia towards Croatia around the city of Cazin. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Nikola Tesla's birth house and statue in Smiljan.

His baptism certificate reports that he was born on June 28 (N.S. July 10), 1856, and christened by the Serbian Orthodox priest Toma Oklobdžija. His father was Rev. Milutin Tesla, a priest in the Serbian Orthodox Church Metropolitanate of Sremski Karlovci. Milutin was born on 19 February 1819 in the village of Meduc, county Medak in Lika, Austrian Empire, as son of Nikola Tesla (b. 1789 in the military frontier, settled after his service in the Napoleonic Wars in Gospic in 1815) and Ana Kalinić, from the famous frontier Kalinic family. Tesla's family asserted its last name as such in Lika. His paternal origin is thought to be of the Draganić family from the Tara valley area below the geographical entity known as Old Vlach, from one of the local Serb clans; however genealogical research shows that Nikola is from the Herzegovinian noble Komnenović (modern-day Old Herzegovina in Montenegro), from its Orlović subgroup that traces its origin from the semi-mythic Pavle Orlovic that bore Prince Lazar's banner at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389. His mother was Đuka Mandić, herself a daughter of a Serbian Orthodox Church priest. She came from a family domiciled in Lika and Banija, but with deeper origins to Kosovo. She was talented in making home craft tools. She memorized many Serbian epic poems, but never learned to read.^[11] His godfather, Jovan Drenovac, was a captain in the army protecting the Military Frontier. Smiljan is a village in the mountainous region of Lika, Croatia. ... This article is about the Christian religious act of Baptism. ... is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Old Style redirects here. ... Water is poured on the head of an infant held over the baptismal font of a Catholic church in the United States in 2004 In Christian religious practice, infant baptism is the baptism of young children or infants. ... Flag of the Serbian Orthodox Church Unknown flag, seen offten in public. ... Flag of the Serbian Orthodox Church Unknown flag, seen offten in public. ... Sremski Karlovci (Serbian: Sremski Karlovci or Сремски Карловци, German: Karlowitz or Carlowitz, Croatian: Srijemski Karlovci, Hungarian: Karlóca, Turkish: Karlofça) is a town and municipality in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia and Montenegro, situated on the bank of the river Danube, between Belgrade and Novi Sad. ... [[Media:Italic text]]{| style=float:right; |- | |- | |} is the 50th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1819 (MDCCCXIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) in the [[Grhttp://en. ... Combatants Austria[a] Portugal Prussia[a] Russia[b] Sicily[c] Sardinia  Spain[d]  Sweden[e] United Kingdom French Empire Holland[f] Italy Etruria[g] Naples[h] Duchy of Warsaw[i] Confederation of the Rhine[j] Bavaria Saxony Westphalia Württemberg Denmark-Norway[k] Commanders Archduke Charles Prince Schwarzenberg Karl Mack... Tara is a river in Montenegro. ... Map of the Serb clans (In Serbian Cyrillic). ... Old Herzegovina Old Herzegovina (or East Herzegovina) is a historical region in Montenegro. ... This page is about the Battle of Kosovo of 1389; for other battles, see Battle of Kosovo (disambiguation). ... Flag of the Serbian Orthodox Church Unknown flag, seen offten in public. ... Banovina can refer to: a region in central Croatia: Banovina (region) an internal division of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia from 1929-1941 any territory ruled by a ban (also, Banate or Banat) This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... For other uses, see Kosovo (disambiguation). ... Songs of Serbian epic poetry rarely, if ever, rhyme, but they are easy to remember as each line has exactly ten syllables and caesura after fourth syllable. ... Frontiersman from PomoriÅ¡je, first half of the 18th century. ...

Nikola was the fourth of five children, having one older brother (Dane, who was killed in a horse-riding accident when Nikola was five) and three sisters (Milka, Angelina and Marica).^[12]:3 His family moved to Gospić in 1862. Tesla went to school in Karlovac. He finished a four year term in the span of three years.^[13] For the Roman class, see Equestrian (Roman) A young rider at a horse show in Australia. ... Gospić is a town in the mountainous and sparsely populated region of Lika, Croatia. ... Karlovac (Croatia) Karlovac municipality within Karlovac county Karlovac Karlovac (German: Karlstadt or Carlstadt, Hungarian: Károlyváros and sometimes in Croatian, Marinograd) is a city and municipality in central Croatia. ...

Tesla then studied electrical engineering at the Austrian Polytechnic in Graz (1875). While there, he studied the uses of alternating current. Some sources say he received Baccalaureate degrees from the university at Graz.^[14][15][16] However, the university says that he did not receive a degree and did not continue beyond the first semester of his third year, during which he stopped attending lectures.^{[17][18][19][20][21]} In December 1878 he left Graz and broke all relations with his family. His friends thought that he had drowned in Mura. He went to Maribor, Slovenia, where he was first employed as an assistant engineer for a year. He suffered a nervous breakdown during this time. Tesla was later persuaded by his father to attend the Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague, which he attended for the summer term of 1880. Here he was influenced by Ernst Mach. However after his father died he left the university, having completed only one term.^[22] Electrical Engineers design power systems. ... Graz University of Technology is (after Karl-Franzens-University) the second largest university in Styria, Austria. ... The Grazer Schloßberg Clock Tower Graz [graːts] (Slovenian: Gradec IPA: /gra. ... Mura (German Mur) is a river in Central Europe, a subsidiary of the bigger Drava and subsequently Danube. ... Area: 147. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see Prague (disambiguation). ... Ernst Mach Ernst Mach (February 18, 1838 – February 19, 1916) was an Austrian-Czech physicist and philosopher and is the namesake for the Mach number and the optical illusion known as Mach bands. ...

Nikola Tesla as a young man

Tesla engaged in reading many works, memorizing complete books, supposedly having a photographic memory.^[23] Tesla related in his autobiography that he experienced detailed moments of inspiration. During his early life, Tesla was stricken with illness time and time again. He suffered a peculiar affliction in which blinding flashes of light would appear before his eyes, often accompanied by hallucinations. Much of the time the visions were linked to a word or idea he might have come across; just by hearing the name of an item, he would involuntarily envision it in realistic detail. Modern-day synesthetes report similar symptoms. Tesla would visualise an invention in his brain in precise form before moving to the construction stage; a technique sometimes known as picture thinking. Tesla also often had flashbacks to events that had happened previously in his life; this began to happen during childhood.^[23] Photographic memory or eidetic memory is the ability to recall images, sounds, or objects in memory with great accuracy and in seemingly unlimited volume. ... For other uses, see Synesthesia (disambiguation). ... Picture Thinking, Visual Thinking or Visual/Spatial Learner is the phenomenon of thinking through visual processing, where most people would think with linguistic or verbal processing. ...

Hungary and France

In 1881, he moved to Budapest, Hungary, to work under Tivadar Puskás in a telegraph company,^[24] the National Telephone Company. There, he met Nebojša Petrović, a young inventor from Austria. Although their encounter was brief, they did work on a project together using twin turbines to create continual power. On the opening of the telephone exchange in Budapest, 1881, Tesla became the chief electrician to the company, and was later engineer for the country's first telephone system. He also developed a device that, according to some, was a telephone repeater or amplifier, but according to others could have been the first loudspeaker.^[25] In 1882 he moved to Paris, France, to work as an engineer for the Continental Edison Company, designing improvements to electric equipment. In the same year, Tesla conceived the induction motor and began developing various devices that use rotating magnetic fields (for which he received patents in 1888). For other uses, see Budapest (disambiguation). ... Tivadar Puskás (17 September 1844 - 16 March 1893) was a Hungarian inventor, telephone pioneer, inventor of the telephone exchange. ... Telegraph and Telegram redirect here. ... A telephone company (or telco) provides telecommunications services such as telephony and data communications. ... For other uses, see Telephone (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Telephone (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Repeater (disambiguation). ... For the British rock band of the same name, see Amplifier (band). ... An inexpensive low fidelity 3. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... Induction Motor (IM) is one kind of AC motor where power is supplied to the rotating device by induction. ... It has been suggested that Magnetic field density be merged into this article or section. ...

Soon thereafter, Tesla hastened from Paris to his mother's side as she lay dying, arriving hours before her death in April, 1892.^[26] Her last words to him were, "You've arrived, Nidžo, my pride." After her death, Tesla fell ill. He spent two to three weeks recuperating in Gospić and the village of Tomingaj near Gračac, the birthplace of his mother. Gračac is a small town in the southern part of Lika, Croatia. ...

United States

On June 6, 1884, Tesla first arrived in the US in New York City.^[27] He had little besides a letter of recommendation from Charles Batchelor, his manager in his previous job. In the letter of recommendation to Thomas Edison, Charles Batchelor wrote, "I know two great men and you are one of them; the other is this young man." Edison hired Tesla to work for his company Edison Machine Works. Tesla's work for Edison began with simple electrical engineering and quickly progressed to solving the company's most difficult problems. Tesla was offered the task of a complete redesign of the Edison company's direct current generators.^[28] is the 157th day of the year (158th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Charles W. Batchelor, inventor, associate of Thomas A. Edison, early executive of General Electric Company Charles W. Batchelor (December 25, 1845-January 1, 1910) was an inventor and close associate of American inventor Thomas Alva Edison during much of Edison’s career. ... Edison redirects here. ... Direct current (DC or continuous current) is the continuous flow of electricity through a conductor such as a wire from high to low potential. ... This article is about machines that produce electricity. ...

During his employment, Tesla claims Edison offered him $50,000 (equivalent to about $1 million in 2006, adjusted for inflation)^[29] if he redesigned Edison's inefficient motor and generators, an improvement in both service and economy.^[23]:54-57 Tesla said he worked night and day to redesign them and gave the Edison company several profitable new patents in the process. During the year of 1885, when Tesla inquired about the payment on the work, Edison replied to him, "Tesla, you don't understand our American humor," and reneged on his promise.^[30][31] This anecdote is somewhat doubtful, since at Tesla's salary of $18 per week the bonus would have amounted to over 53 years pay, and the amount was equal to the initial capital of the company.Tesla resigned when he was refused a raise to $25 per week.^[32]

Tesla eventually found himself digging ditches for a short period of time – coincidentally for the Edison company. Edison had also never wanted to hear about Tesla's AC polyphase designs, believing that DC electricity was the future. Tesla focused intently on his AC polyphase system, even while digging ditches.^[23]

It has been suggested that Magnetic field density be merged into this article or section. ... Induction Motor (IM) is one kind of AC motor where power is supplied to the rotating device by induction. ... Early 20th century Alternator made in Budapest, Hungary, in the power generating hall of a hydroelectric station. ... Tesla Coil at Questacon, the Australian National Science Centre museum A Tesla coil (also teslacoil) is a type of resonant transformer, named after its inventor, Nikola Tesla. ... A publicity photo of Tesla sitting in the Colorado Springs experimental station with his Magnifying Transmitter. The arcs are about 22 feet (7 m) long. ... Oscillation is the variation, typically in time, of some measure about a central value (often a point of equilibrium) or between two or more different states. ... City lights viewed in a motion blurred exposure. ... Power line redirects here. ... Power transmission is the movement of energy from its place of generation to a location where it is applied to performing useful work. ... For other uses, see System (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Wireless (disambiguation). ... Copy of the original phone of Alexander Graham Bell at the Musée des Arts et Métiers in Paris Telecommunication is the assisted transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication. ... This article or section cites very few or no references or sources. ... // Within the timeline of radio, many people were involved in the invention of radio transmission of information as we know it today. ... Cross coupled LC oscillator with output on top An electronic oscillator is an electronic circuit that produces a repetitive electronic signal, often a sine wave or a square wave. ... For other uses, see robot (disambiguation). ... A logic gate performs a logical operation on one or more logic inputs and produces a single logic output. ... Electrotherapy is the use of electrical energy in the treatment of impairments of health and a conditions of abnormal functioning. ... An artists depiction of a solar satellite, which could send energy wirelessly to a space vessel or planetary surface. ... Electrostatics is the branch of physics that deals with the force exerted by a static (i. ... In thermodynamics, a reversible process (or reversible cycle if the process is cyclic) is a process that can be reversed by means of infinitesimal changes in some property of the system (Sears and Salinger, 1986). ... A bifilar coil is an electromagnetic coil that contains two closely spaced, parallel windings. ... Telegeodynamics is an electromechanical earth-resonance concept for underground seismic exploration proposed by Nikola Tesla. ... Conventional continuous current flows from the battery. ... The Tesla turbine is a bladeless turbine design patented by Nikola Tesla in 1913. ... In the NATO phonetic alphabet, X-ray represents the letter X. An X-ray picture (radiograph) taken by Röntgen An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength approximately in the range of 5 pm to 10 nanometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz... (help· info), (from the German bremsen, to brake and Strahlung, radiation, thus, braking radiation), is electromagnetic radiation produced by the acceleration of a charged particle, such as an electron, when deflected by another charged particle, such as an atomic nucleus. ... This article is about the electrically charged particle. ... For other uses, see Gas (disambiguation). ... Mathematically, the electric field gradient (EFG) is the hessian matrix (the matrix of the second derivatives) of the electrical potential V: It is an important structural property of a crystalline solid, where it is defined at the location of a nucleus. ... A charged particle beam is a spatially localized group of electrically charged particles that have approximately the same velocity (speed and direction). ... A Techno-Thriller, Arc Light is set towards the end of the 1990s and depicts a warp between the United States of America and the Soviet Union. ... A magnet levitating above a high-temperature superconductor, cooled with liquid nitrogen. ... International safety symbol Caution, risk of electric shock (ISO 3864), colloquially known as high voltage symbol. ... An electronic circuit is an electrical circuit that also contains active electronic devices such as transistors or vacuum tubes. ... International safety symbol Caution, risk of electric shock (ISO 3864), colloquially known as high voltage symbol. ... Not to be confused with lighting. ... The Hawker Harrier, one of the famous examples of a plane with VTOL capability. ... An electric vehicle is a vehicle that is propelled by electric motors. ... A polyphase system is a means of distributing alternating current electrical power. ...

Middle years

In 1886, Tesla formed his own company, Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing. The initial financial investors disagreed with Tesla on his plan for an alternating current motor and eventually relieved him of his duties at the company. Tesla worked in New York as a common laborer from 1886 to 1887 to feed himself and raise capital for his next project. In 1887, he constructed the initial brushless alternating current induction motor, which he demonstrated to the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (now IEEE) in 1888. In the same year, he developed the principles of his Tesla coil and began working with George Westinghouse at Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company's Pittsburgh labs. Westinghouse listened to his ideas for polyphase systems which would allow transmission of alternating current electricity over large distances. The Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing was a company formed by Nikola Tesla in 1886. ... An investor is any party that makes an investment. ... This article is about the state. ... A pair of carbon brushes In electrical engineering, brushes conduct current between stationary wires and moving parts, most commonly in a rotating shaft. ... Induction Motor (IM) is one kind of AC motor where power is supplied to the rotating device by induction. ... Not to be confused with the Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE). ... Tesla Coil at Questacon, the Australian National Science Centre museum A Tesla coil (also teslacoil) is a type of resonant transformer, named after its inventor, Nikola Tesla. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Westinghouse logo (designed by Paul Rand) The Westinghouse Electric Company, headquartered in Monroeville, Pennsylvania, is an organization founded by George Westinghouse in 1886. ... Pittsburgh redirects here. ...

In April of 1887, Tesla began investigating what would later be called X-rays using his own single node vacuum tubes (similar to his patent #514,170 ). This device differed from other early X-ray tubes in that they had no target electrode. The modern term for the phenomenon produced by this device is bremsstrahlung (or braking radiation). We now know that this device operated by emitting electrons from the single electrode through a combination of field emission and thermionic emission. Once liberated, electrons are strongly repelled by the high electric field near the electrode during negative voltage peaks from the oscillating HV output of the Tesla Coil, generating X-rays as they collide with the glass envelope. He also used Geissler tubes. By 1892, Tesla became aware of what Wilhelm Röntgen later identified as effects of X-rays. In the NATO phonetic alphabet, X-ray represents the letter X. An X-ray picture (radiograph) taken by Röntgen An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength approximately in the range of 5 pm to 10 nanometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz... Structure of a vacuum tube diode Structure of a vacuum tube triode In electronics, a vacuum tube, electron tube, or (outside North America) thermionic valve or just valve, is a device used to amplify, switch or modify a signal by controlling the movement of electrons in an evacuated space. ... (help· info), (from the German bremsen, to brake and Strahlung, radiation, thus, braking radiation), is electromagnetic radiation produced by the acceleration of a charged particle, such as an electron, when deflected by another charged particle, such as an atomic nucleus. ... For other uses, see Electron (disambiguation). ... Field emission, also known as Fowler-Nordheim tunneling, is a form of quantum tunneling in which electrons pass through a barrier in the presence of a high electric field. ... Closeup of the filament on a low pressure mercury gas discharge lamp showing white thermionic emission mix coating on the central portion of the coil. ... In physics, the space surrounding an electric charge or in the presence of a time-varying magnetic field has a property called an electric field. ... The Geissler tube is a glass tube for demonstrating the principles of electrical discharge. ... Wilhelm Röntgen Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (March 27, 1845 – February 10, 1923) was a German physicist, of the University of Würzburg, who, on November 8, 1895, produced wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation that are now known as x-rays or Röntgen Rays. ...

In the early research, Tesla devised several experimental setups to produce X-rays. Tesla held that, with his circuits, the "instrument will [... enable one to] generate Roentgen rays of much greater power than obtainable with ordinary apparatus."^[48] He also commented on the hazards of working with his circuit and single node X-ray producing devices. Of his many notes in the early investigation of this phenomenon, he attributed the skin damage to various causes. One of the options for the cause, which is not in conformity with conventional x-ray production, was that the ozone generated rather than the radiation was responsible. He early on stated, In the NATO phonetic alphabet, X-ray represents the letter X. An X-ray picture (radiograph) taken by Röntgen An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength approximately in the range of 5 pm to 10 nanometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz... For other uses, see Ozone (disambiguation). ...

Tesla's experiments were confirmed by others.^[49] Tesla later stated,

Tesla continued research in the field and, later, observed an assistant severely "burnt" by X-rays in his lab. He performed several experiments prior to Roentgen's discovery (including photographing the bones of his hand; later, he sent these images to Roentgen) but didn't make his findings widely known; much of his research was lost in the 5th Avenue lab fire of March 1895. Hand mit Ringen: print of Wilhelm Röntgens first medical x-ray, of his wifes hand, taken on 22 December 1895 and presented to Professor Ludwig Zehnder of the Physik Institut, University of Freiburg, on 1 January 1896[1][2] Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (March 27, 1845 – February... For other uses, see Photograph (disambiguation). ...

A "world system" for "the transmission of electrical energy without wires" that depends upon the electrical conductivity was proposed in which transmission in various natural mediums with current that passes between the two point are used to power devices. In a practical wireless energy transmission system using this principle, a high-power ultraviolet beam might be used to form a vertical ionized channel in the air directly above the transmitter-receiver stations. The same concept is used in virtual lightning rods, the electrolaser electroshock weapon,^[52] and has been proposed for disabling vehicles.^[53][54] An example of a standard, pointed-tip air terminal The term lightning rod is also used as a metaphorical term to describe those who attract controversy. ... // An electrolaser is a type of electroshock weapon which is also a directed-energy weapon. ... An electroshock weapon is an incapacitant weapon used for subduing a person by administering electric shock aimed at disrupting superficial muscle functions. ...

Tesla demonstrated "the transmission of electrical energy without wires" that depends upon electrical conductivity as early as 1891. The Tesla effect (named in honor of Tesla) is the archaic term for an application of this type of electrical conduction (that is, the movement of energy through space and matter; not just the production of voltage across a conductor).^[55][23]:174 The Tesla effect (named in honor of Nikola Tesla) is a type of high field gradient between electrode plates for wireless energy transfer via electromagnetic induction. ...

Wireless transmission of power and energy demonstration during his high frequency and potential lecture of 1891.

On July 30, 1891, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States at the age of 35. Tesla established his 35 South Fifth Avenue laboratory in New York during this same year. Later, Tesla would establish his Houston Street laboratory in New York at 46 E. Houston Street. There, at one point while conducting mechanical resonance experiments with electro-mechanical oscillators he generated a resonance of several surrounding buildings but, due to the frequencies involved, not his own building, causing complaints to the police. As the speed grew he hit the resonant frequency of his own building and belatedly realizing the danger he was forced to apply a sledge hammer to terminate the experiment, just as the astonished police arrived.^[56] He also lit vacuum tubes wirelessly at both of the New York locations, providing evidence for the potential of wireless power transmission.^[57] Some of Tesla's closest friends were artists. He befriended Century Magazine editor Robert Underwood Johnson, who adapted several Serbian poems of Jovan Jovanović Zmaj (which Tesla translated). Also during this time, Tesla was influenced by the Vedic philosophy teachings of the Swami Vivekananda.^[58] An artists depiction of a solar satellite, which could send energy wirelessly to a space vessel or planetary surface. ... is the 211th day of the year (212th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... A judge swears in a new citizen. ... Fifth Avenue redirects here. ... Houston Street is a large thoroughfare running east - west through the downtown area of the borough of Manhattan in New York City, one block south of 1st Street. ... Mechanical Resonance is the debut album by the American rock band Tesla. ... This article is about resonance in physics. ... For other uses, see Sledgehammer (disambiguation). ... The Century Magazine was first published in the United States in 1881 by The Century Company of New York City as a successor to Scribners Monthly Magazine. ... Robert Underwood Johnson (January 12, 1853 – October 14, 1937) was a U.S. writer and diplomat. ... Jovan Jovanović Zmaj (November 24, 1833 - June 3, 1904) is one of the most well known Serb poets. ... For other uses, see Vedanta (disambiguation). ... Swami Vivekananda (Sanskrit: , Svāmi Vivekānanda) (January 12, 1863 – July 4, 1902), whose pre-monastic name was Narendranath Dutta (Bengali: , Nôrendrônath Dôt-tô), was one of the most famous and influential spiritual leaders of the philosophies of Vedanta and Yoga. ...

When Tesla was 36 years old, the first patents concerning the polyphase power system were granted. He continued research of the system and rotating magnetic field principles. Tesla served, from 1892 to 1894, as the vice president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, the forerunner (along with the Institute of Radio Engineers) of the modern-day IEEE. From 1893 to 1895, he investigated high frequency alternating currents. He generated AC of one million volts using a conical Tesla coil and investigated the skin effect in conductors, designed tuned circuits, invented a machine for inducing sleep, cordless gas discharge lamps, and transmitted electromagnetic energy without wires, building the first radio transmitter. In St. Louis, Missouri, Tesla made a demonstration related to radio communication in 1893. Addressing the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and the National Electric Light Association, he described and demonstrated in detail its principles. Tesla's demonstrations were written about widely through various media outlets. Tesla also investigated harvesting energy that is present throughout space. He believed that it was just merely a question of time when men will succeed in attaching their machinery to the very wheelwork of nature, stating: The American Institute of Electrical Engineers was a United States based organization of electrical engineers that existed between 1884 and 1963 (when it merged with the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE)). The 1884 founders of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) included some of the most prominent inventors and... Following several attempts to form a technical organization of wireless practitioners in 1908-1912, the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE) was finally established in 1912 in New York. ... Not to be confused with the Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE). ... High frequency (HF) radio frequencies are between 3 and 30 MHz. ... Josephson junction array chip developed by NIST as a standard volt. ... The skin effect is the tendency of an alternating electric current (AC) to distribute itself within a conductor so that the current density near the surface of the conductor is greater than that at its core. ... In science and engineering, conductors, such as copper or aluminum, are materials with atoms having loosely held valence electrons. ... -1... Electrical energy can refer to several closely related things. ... Antenna tower of Crystal Palace transmitter, London A transmitter is an electronic device which, usually with the aid of an antenna, propagates an electromagnetic signal such as radio, television, or other telecommunications. ... St. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Franklin Institute Front steps as seen from the adjacent Moore College This article is about the science museum in Philadelphia. ... For other uses, see Philadelphia (disambiguation) and Philly. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... The National Electric Light Association (NELA) was a national trade association including the operators of central power generation stations and interested individuals. ... When any patch of the sky is observed where no individual sources can be discerned, and the effects of interplanetary dust, and interstellar matter are taken into account, there is still radiation. ...

At the 1893 World's Fair, the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, an international exposition was held which for the first time devoted a building to electrical exhibits. It was an historic event as Tesla and George Westinghouse introduced visitors to AC power by using it to illuminate the Exposition. On display were Tesla's fluorescent lamps and single node bulbs. An observer noted, Worlds Fair is any of various large expositions held since the mid-19th century. ... One-third scale replica of Daniel Chester Frenchs Republic, which stood in the great basin at the exposition, Chicago, 2004 The Worlds Columbian Exposition (also called The Chicago Worlds Fair), a Worlds Fair, was held in Chicago in 1893, to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher... For other uses, see Chicago (disambiguation). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Usually hidden from the unaided eye, the blinking of (non-incandescent) lighting powered by AC mains is revealed in this motion-blurred long exposure of city lights. ... Fluorescent lamps Assorted types of fluorescent lamps. ...

"Within the room was suspended two hard-rubber plates covered with tin foil. These were about fifteen feet apart, and served as terminals of the wires leading from the transformers. When the current was turned on, the vacuum bulbs or tubes, which had no wires connected to them, but lay on a table between the suspended plates, or which might be held in the hand in almost any part of the room, were made luminous. These were the same experiments and the same apparatus shown by Mr. Tesla in London about two years ago, where they produced so much wonder and astonishment." ^[59]

Tesla also explained the principles of the rotating magnetic field and induction motor by demonstrating how to make an egg made of copper stand on end in his demonstration of the device he constructed known as the "Egg of Columbus". Induction Motor (IM) is one kind of AC motor where power is supplied to the rotating device by induction. ... For other uses, see Copper (disambiguation). ... The Egg of Columbus is a story of how to make an egg stand on end. ...

Nikola Tesla's AC dynamo used to generate AC which is used to transport electricity across great distances. It is contained in US .

Also in the late 1880s, Tesla and Edison became adversaries in part due to Edison's promotion of direct current (DC) for electric power distribution over the more efficient alternating current advocated by Tesla and Westinghouse. Until Tesla invented the induction motor, AC's advantages for long distance high voltage transmission were counterbalanced by the inability to operate motors on AC. As a result of the "War of Currents," Edison and Westinghouse went nearly bankrupt, so in 1897, Tesla released Westinghouse from contract, providing Westinghouse a break from Tesla's patent royalties. Also in 1897, Tesla researched radiation which led to setting up the basic formulation of cosmic rays.^[60] Download high resolution version (516x806, 50 KB)Electric system US390721 This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Download high resolution version (516x806, 50 KB)Electric system US390721 This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Dynamo, or Dinamo, may refer to: Dynamo, an electrical generator Dynamo (sports society) of the Soviet Union Operation Dynamo, the 1940 mass evacuation at Dunkirk Dynamo, the rock band based in Belfast Dynamo theory, a theory relating to magnetic fields of celestial bodies Dynamo Open Air, annual heavy metal music... Electricity (from New Latin Ä“lectricus, amberlike) is a general term for a variety of phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of electric charge. ... For delivered electrical power, see Electrical power industry. ... In electrical engineering High voltage refers to a voltage which is high. ... // In the War of Currents era (sometimes, War of the Currents or Battle of Currents) in the late 1880s, George Westinghouse and Thomas Edison became adversaries due to Edisons promotion of direct current (DC) for electric power distribution over the alternating current (AC) advocated by Westinghouse and Nikola Tesla. ... Bankruptcy is a legally declared inability or impairment of ability of an individual or organization to pay their creditors. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Particle radiation is the radiation of energy by means of small fast-moving particles that have energy and mass. ... Cosmic rays can loosely be defined as energetic particles originating outside of the Earth. ...

When Tesla was forty-one years old, he filed the first basic radio patent (U.S. Patent 645,576 ). A year later, he demonstrated a radio controlled boat to the US military, believing that the military would want things such as radio controlled torpedoes. Tesla had developed the "Art of Telautomatics", a form of robotics, as well as the technology of remote control.^[61] In 1898, a radio-controlled boat was demonstrated to the public during an electrical exhibition at Madison Square Garden. These devices had an innovative coherer and a series of logic gates. Tesla called his boat a "teleautomaton" and said of it, "You see there the first of a race of robots, mechanical men which will do the laborious work of the human race."^[62] Radio remote control remained a novelty until the 1960s. In the same year, Tesla devised an "electric igniter" or spark plug for Internal combustion