Count Nikolai Dmitrievich Tolstoy-Miloslavsky (23 June 1935) is a prominent Russo-British historian and author, who writes under the name Nikolai Tolstoy. is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ... A historian is an individual who studies history and who writes on history. ...

Family

He is the head of the senior branch of the Tolstoy family, being descended from Ivan Andreyevich Tolstoy (1644-1713). It is occasionally incorrectly assumed that he is a direct descendant of the famous author Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910), who was however descended from Pyotr Andreyevich Tolstoy (1645-1729), younger brother of Ivan. Tsar Nicholas II declared his intention of recognising the title of Count for his Chamberlain, Pavel Tolstoy-Miloslavsky, (Nikolai's great-grandfather), but this was deferred due to the growing crisis in Russia. When the last Emperor's cousin, the Grand Duke Kiril Vladimirovich of Russia succeeded to the Imperial inheritance and rights, he confirmed Pavel Tolstoy-Miloslavsky's title, and this was confirmed by the Dowager Empress Maria Fyodorovna, and the Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia and Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia, Nicholas II's sisters. Coat of arms of the Tolstoy family Tolstoy, or Tolstoi (Russian: ) is a prominent family of Russian nobility, descending from one Andrey Kharitonovich Tolstoy (i. ... Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (September 9 [O.S. August 28] 1828 – November 20 [O.S. November 7] 1910) (Russian: , IPA:  ), commonly referred to in English as Leo Tolstoy, was a Russian writer – novelist, essayist, dramatist and philosopher – as well as pacifist Christian anarchist and educational reformer. ... Nicholas II can refer to: Pope Nicholas II Tsar Nicholas II of Russia This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Grand Duke Cyril Vladimirovich of Russia, (Kirill Vladimirovich Romanov) (October 12, 1876 (N.S.)–October 12, 1938) was a member of the Russian Imperial Family. ... Maria Feodorovna, born Princess Dagmar of Denmark (November 26, 1847–October 13, 1928) was Empress Consort of Russia. ... Grand Duchess Xenia of Russia (April 6, 1875 – April 20, 1960) was a member of the Russian Imperial Family. ... The flag of the House of Romanov Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia (Russian: ; Olga Alexandrovna Romanova) (June 13, 1882–November 24, 1960) was the last Grand Duchess of Imperial Russia under the reign of her elder brother, Czar Nicholas II. Her father was the reformer of 19th century Russia... Nicholas II can refer to: Pope Nicholas II Tsar Nicholas II of Russia This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

Nikolai's father, Count Dimitri Tolstoy QC, escaped from Russia in 1920, and came to England where Nikolai was born in 1935. Cherie Booth QC wearing her ceremonial robes (including full-bottomed wig) as Queens Counsel at the Bar of England and Wales. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto)1 Unified  -  by Athelstan 927 AD  Area  -  Total...

Literary career

Educated at Wellington College, Sandhurst and Trinity College, Dublin, Tolstoy has written a number of books about Celtic mythology, and about World War II. Among them there were Victims Of Yalta and The Minister and the Massacres, which criticised the British forced handover of Soviet citizens to Stalin in direct violation of the Geneva Convention ^[1]. He has recently published the first volume of a biography of his stepfather, the novelist Patrick O'Brian, and has plans for a second volume. (See: Publications, below). Wellington College, the national monument to the Duke of Wellington, is an English public school, located in the Berkshire village of Crowthorne. ... New College, Royal Military Academy Sandhurst New Colours are presented to RMAS, June 2005. ... Trinity College, Dublin TCD, corporately designated as the Provost, Fellows and Scholars of the College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity of Queen Elizabeth near Dublin, was founded in 1592 by Elizabeth I, and is the only constituent college of the University of Dublin, Irelands oldest university. ... Dublin city centre at night WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: , Statistics Province: Leinster County: Dáil Éireann: Dublin Central, Dublin North Central, Dublin North East, Dublin North West, Dublin South Central, Dublin South East European Parliament: Dublin Dialling Code: 01, +353 1 Postal District(s): D1-24, D6W Area: 114. ... Template:Buttface mythology Celtic mythology is the mythology of Celtic polytheism annas hippo butt, apparently the religion of the Iron Age Celts. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Yalta (Ukrainian: , Russian: , Crimean Tatar: ) is a city in Crimea, southern Ukraine, on the north coast of the Black Sea. ... Patrick OBrian (12 December 1914 – 2 January 2000; born as Richard Patrick Russ) was an English novelist and translator, best known for his Aubrey–Maturin series of novels set in the Royal Navy during the Napoleonic Wars and centered on the friendship of Captain Jack Aubrey and the Irish...

He is a supporter of all things relating to Celts, and was Guest-of-Honour at the Saint Andrew Society's Dinner and Ball in the Caledonian Hotel, Edinburgh, December 3, 1988, where he offered the toast "Scotland and St Andrew". , Edinburgh (() pronounced ; Scottish Gaelic: ) is the capital of Scotland and its second largest city. ... is the 337th day of the year (338th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ... This article is about the country. ... Saint Andrew (Greek: Andreas, manly), the Christian Apostle, brother of Saint Peter, was born at Bethsaida on the Lake of Galilee. ...

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1979. The Royal Society of Literature is the senior literary organisation in Britain. External link The Royal Society of Literature Categories: Literature stubs | Literature of the United Kingdom ...

Controversy

As historian of the forced repatriation of Soviet citizens and others during and after World War II, he was called by the defence as an expert witness at the trial of John Demjanjuk in Israel. In a letter to the Daily Telegraph (21 April 1988), Tolstoy said the trial and the court's procedures struck "at the most vital principles of natural justice". He condemned the use of especially bussed-in audiences, who were repeatedly permitted by Judge Levin to boo and hiss at appropriate moments. He called Levin's conduct "an appalling travesty of every principle of equity", and said that it was "a show trial in every sense of the word", even being conducted in a theatre. When eventually the US Justice Department was found to have collaborated with the Soviet authorities in suppressing evidence that he had been falsely identified, the case against Demjanjuk was dismissed. ^[2]. John Demjanjuk (born Ivan Demjanjuk on 3 April 1920[1] in Dubovye Makharintsy, Kiev Oblast, USSR), is a retired auto worker who emigrated to the United States from Europe in 1951. ... This article deals with The Daily Telegraph in Britain, see The Daily Telegraph (Australia) for the Australian publication The Daily Telegraph is a British broadsheet newspaper founded in 1855. ... is the 111th day of the year (112th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ...

The Foreign Affairs Committee of the Conservative Monday Club hosted a major dinner for Tolstoy at the Charing Cross Hotel in London on 26 October 1988. It was an opportunity for him to put his case to a wider audience on his forthcoming libel action defence, the writ for which had already been served. The Conservative Monday Club (widely known as the Monday Club) is a British right-wing [1] pressure-group with its origins in the Conservative Party. ... is the 299th day of the year (300th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ...

In 1989, Lord Aldington, previously a British officer, former Chairman of the Conservative Party, and then Chairman of Sun Alliance, an insurance company, commenced the libel action over allegations of war crimes made by Tolstoy in a pamphlet distributed by Nigel Watts, a man involved with Sun Alliance on an unrelated insurance matter. Although Tolstoy was not the initial target of the action, he felt honour-bound to join Watts as defendant. He lost and was ordered to pay £2 million (£1.5 million in damages and £0.5 million in costs). Documents subsequently obtained from the Ministry of Defence showed that under Government instructions files essential to the defence case had been withdrawn from the Public Record Office and retained by the MoD and Foreign Office throughout the run-up to the trial and the trial itself ^[3]. Tolstoy sought to appeal on the basis of new evidence proving Aldington had perjured himself over the date of his departure from Austria in May 1945. This was ruled inadmissible at a hearing in the High Courts of Justice, from which the press and public were barred, and his right to appeal was rejected.^[4]. Toby Austin Richard William Low, 1st Baron Aldington and Baron Low, KCMG, CBE, DSO, TD, PC (25 May 1914 – 7 December 2000) was a British Conservative Party politician and businessman. ... The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is the second largest political party in the United Kingdom in terms of sitting Members of Parliament (MPs), the largest in terms of public membership, and the oldest political party in the United Kingdom. ... Royal & SunAlliance are a British insurance company, based in Liverpool. ... Insurance, in law and economics, is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent loss. ... In the context of war, a war crime is a punishable offense under International Law, for violations of the laws of war by any person or persons, military or civilian. ...

In July 1995, the European Court of Human Rights concluded unanimously that the British Government had violated his rights in respect of Article 10 of the Convention on Human Rights. The Times commented in a leading article: European Court of Human Rights building in Strasbourg The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), often referred to informally as the Strasbourg Court, was created to systematise the hearing of human rights complaints against States Parties to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, adopted by... The United Kingdom is a unitary state and a democratic constitutional monarchy. ... International human rights instruments can be classified into two categories: declarations, adopted by bodies such as the United Nations General Assembly, which are not legally binding although they may be politically so; and conventions, which are legally binding instruments concluded under international law. ... The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom since 1788. ...

Political activity

A committed monarchist, Tolstoy is Chancellor of the International Monarchist League. He was also Chairman of the London-based Russian Monarchist League, and chaired their annual dinner on 6 March 1986, when the Guest-of-Honour was the MP, John Biggs-Davison. He was also in the chair for their Summer Dinner on 4 June 1987, at the Oxford and Cambridge Club in Pall Mall. Tolstoy was a founding committee member (January 1989) of the now established War and Peace Ball, held annually in London, which raises funds for White Russian charities. See Monarchist League for similar organisations The International Monarchist League (or Monarchist League) is an organization dedicated to the preservation of the constitutional monarchy system of government and the principle of monarchy worldwide. ... is the 65th day of the year (66th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar). ... A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a parliament. ... Sir John Alec Biggs-Davison (born 7 June 1918, died 17 September 1988) was a Conservative Member of Parliament for Chigwell from 1955 and then, after boundary changes in 1974, Epping Forest until his death. ... June 4 is the 155th day of the year (156th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar). ... The Oxford Cambridge Club is in Pall Mall, London, England. ... Pall mall illustrated in Old English Sports, Pastimes and Customs, published 1891 Pall mall (pronounced pal-mal or pell-mell) or palle maille was a game played in the 16th and 17th centuries, and a precursor to croquet. ...

In October 1987, he was presented with the International Freedom Award by the United States Industrial Council Educational Foundation: "for his courageous search for the truth about the victims of totalitarianism and deceit."

In October 1991, Nikolai Tolstoy joined a Conservative Monday Club delegation (see The Times), under the auspices of the Club's Foreign Affairs Committee, and travelled to observe the war between Serbia and Croatia, the first British political delegation to observe that conflict. Conservative MPs Andrew Hunter, and Roger Knapman, then a junior minister in the Conservative government (and now leader of the UK Independence Party), were also part of the delegation which, after going to the front lines in the Sisak region, was entertained by President Franjo Tudjman and the Croatian government in Zagreb. On October 13 the group held a Press Conference at the Hotel Intercontinental in Zagreb, which apart from the media, was also attended by delegates from the French government. A report on the Serbian aggression was agreed and handed in to Number 10 Downing Street by Andrew Hunter. The Conservative Monday Club (widely known as the Monday Club) is a British right-wing [1] pressure-group with its origins in the Conservative Party. ... The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom since 1788. ... Anthem Serbia() on the European continent() Capital (and largest city) Belgrade Official languages Serbian 1 Recognised regional languages Hungarian, Croatian, Slovak, Romanian, Rusyn 2 Albanian 3 Government Semi-presidential republic  -  President Boris Tadić  -  Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica Establishment  -  Formation 9th century   -  First unified state c. ... Andrew Hunter (born January 8, 1943) is a United Kingdom politician and a member of the Orange Order. ... Roger Maurice Knapman (born 20 February 1944 in Crediton, Devon) is a British politician, and is the former leader of the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP). ... The United Kingdom Independence Party (commonly known as UKIP, pronounced //) is a British political party. ... Sisak on the map of Croatia Sisak (German: Sissek, Hungarian: Sziszek, Italian: Siscia) is a city in central Croatia. ... Franjo Tuđman (May 14, 1922 - December 10, 1999) was the first president of Croatia in the 1990s. ... Location of Zagreb within Croatia Coordinates: , Country Croatia RC diocese 1094 Free royal city 1242 Unified 1850 Government  - Mayor Milan Bandić Area [1]  - City 641. ... October 13 is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Location of Zagreb within Croatia Coordinates: , Country Croatia RC diocese 1094 Free royal city 1242 Unified 1850 Government  - Mayor Milan Bandić Area [1]  - City 641. ... Prime Minister Tony Blair and U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney stand in front of the famous main door to Number 10. ...

Tolstoy became an early member of the United Kingdom Independence Party. He was approached by Alan Sked in December 1996 with a view to being a parliamentary candidate for them. Subsequently he was their candidate for the Wantage seat in the 2001 and 2005 general elections. The United Kingdom Independence Party (commonly known as UKIP, pronounced //) is a British political party. ... Dr Alan Sked (born 1947) is a senior lecturer in International History at the London School of Economics. ... Creation 1983 MP Ed Vaizey Party Conservative Type House of Commons County Oxfordshire EP constituency South East England Wantage is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ... Tony Blair William Hague Charles Kennedy The UK general election, 2001 was held on 7 June 2001 and was dubbed the quiet landslide by the media. ... It has been suggested that Marginal constituencies in the United Kingdom be merged into this article or section. ...

References

1. ^ ‘The Application of International Law to Forced Repatriation from Austria in 1945’, in Stefan Karner, Erich Reiter, and Gerald Schöpfer (ed.), "Kalter Krieg: Beiträge zur Ost-West-Konfrontation 1945 bis 1990" (Graz, 2002)
2. ^ Willem A. Wagenaar, "Identifying Ivan: A Case Study in Legal Psychology" ISBN 0-7450-0396-6; Yoram Sheftel, "The Demjanjuk Affair: The Rise and Fall of a Show-Trial" ISBN 0-575-05795-5; Hans Peter Rullmann, "Der Fall Demjanjuk: Unschuldiger oder Massenmörder?" ISBN 3-925848-02-9; Jim McDonald, "John Demjanjuk: The Real Story" ISBN 0-915597-79-9
3. ^ The Sunday Times, 7 April 1996)
4. ^ The Guardian, May 28, 1992, p.19, and June 8, 1992, p.4

• Daily Express, September 24, 1992.
• Weekend Telegraph, September 25, 1992, book review.
• The Times, November 15, 1996, major interview with Tolstoy on p.18.

The Sunday Times is a Sunday broadsheet newspaper distributed in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland, published by Times Newspapers Ltd, a subsidiary of News International which is in turn owned by News Corporation. ... April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... The Guardian is a British newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. ... May 28 is the 148th day of the year (149th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 159th day of the year (160th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... For other uses, see Daily Express (disambiguation). ... September 24 is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom since 1788. ... is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ...

Publications

• "The Founding Of Evil Hold School", London, 1968, ISBN 0491003714
• "Night Of The Long Knives", New York, 1972, ISBN 0345027876
• "Victims of Yalta" by Nikolai Tolstoy, originally published in London, 1977. Revised edition 1979. ISBN 0-552-11030-2
• "The Half-Mad Lord: Thomas Pitt 2nd Baron Camelford (1775-1804)", London, 1978, ISBN 0-224-01664-4
• "Stalin's Secret War", London, 1981, ISBN 0-224-01665-2
• "The Tolstoys — 24 Generations of Russian History, 1353-1983" by Nikolai Tolstoy, London, 1983, ISBN 0-241-10979-5
• "The Quest For Merlin", 1985, ISBN 0-241-11356-3
• "The Minister and The Massacres" by Nikolai Tolstoy, London, 1986, ISBN 0-09-164010-5
• "The Coming of The King" by Nikolai Tolstoy, London, 1988, ISBN 0-593-01312-3
• "Patrick O'Brian — The Making of the Novelist", London 2004, ISBN 0-7126-7025-4

External links

• Count Tolstoy's homepage
• An Interview with Pravda.ru
• An Interview by Raymond H. Thompson
• Tolstoy's article in The Times on his stepfather Patrick O'Brian
• Lord Aldington obituary]