Dr. Niles Eldredge (born August 25, 1943) is an American paleontologist, who, along with Stephen Jay Gould, proposed the theory of punctuated equilibrium in 1972. Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Paleontology, palaeontology or palæontology (from Greek: paleo, ancient; ontos, being; and λόγος, logos, knowledge) is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. ... Natural History magazine Stephen Jay Gould (September 10, 1941 – May 20, 2002) was an American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, and historian of science. ... Punctuated equilibrium (or punctuated equilibria) is a theory in evolutionary biology which states that most sexually reproducing species will show little to no evolutionary change throughout their history. ... Year 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Education

Eldredge began his undergraduate studies in Latin at Columbia University. Before completing his degree he changed focus, switching to the study of anthropology under Norman D. Newell. It was at this time that his work at the American Museum of Natural History began, under the combined Columbia University-American Museum graduate studies program. Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ... Columbia University is a private research university in the United States. ... Anthropology (from Greek: ἀνθρωπος, anthropos, human being; and λόγος, logos, knowledge) is the comparative study of the physical and social characteristics of humanity through the examination of historical and present geographical distribution, cultural history, acculturation, and cultural relationships. ... Norman D. Newell (January 27, 1909 - April 18, 2005) was Curator Emeritus at the American Museum of Natural History and Professor Emeritus at Columbia University. ...

Eldredge graduated summa cum laude from Columbia College of Columbia University in 1965, and enrolled in the university's doctoral program while continuing his research at the museum. He completed his PhD in 1969. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Columbia College is the main undergraduate college at Columbia University, situated on the universitys main campus of Morningside Heights in the Borough of Manhattan in the City of New York. ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ...

Paleontology

That same year, Eldredge became Curator in the Department of Invertebrates at the American Museum of Natural History, a position which he still holds . He is also Adjunct Professor at the City University of New York. His specialty is the evolution of mid-Paleozoic Phacopida trilobites: a group of extinct arthropods that lived between 543 and 245 million years ago. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The City University of New York (CUNY; acronym: IPA pronunciation: ), is the public university system of New York City. ... Phacopida is an order of trilobite. ... Subphyla and Classes Subphylum Trilobitomorpha Trilobita - Trilobites (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata Arachnida - Spiders, Scorpions, etc. ...

Evolutionary theory

Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould proposed punctuated equilibrium in 1972. Punctuated equilibrium is a refinement to evolutionary theory which describes patterns of descent taking place in "fits and starts" separated by long periods of stability. Natural History magazine Stephen Jay Gould (September 10, 1941 – May 20, 2002) was an American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, and historian of science. ... Punctuated equilibrium (or punctuated equilibria) is a theory in evolutionary biology which states that most sexually reproducing species will show little to no evolutionary change throughout their history. ... Year 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Eldredge went on to develop a hierarchical vision of evolutionary and ecological systems. Around this time, he became focussed on the rapid destruction of many of the world's habitats and species. Throughout his career, he has used repeated patterns in the history of life to refine ideas on how the evolutionary process actually works. This article is about evolution in biology. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

Eldredge is a critic of the gene-centric view of evolution and the notion that evolutionary theory can be held accountable to patterns of historical data. His most recent venture is the development of an alternative account to the gene-based notions of evolutionary psychology to explain why human beings behave as they do. The gene-centered view of evolution, gene selection theory or selfish gene theory holds that natural selection acts through differential survival of competing genes, increasing the frequency of those alleles whose phenotypic effects successfully promote their own propagation. ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ...

Niles has published more than 160 scientific articles, books, and reviews, including "Reinventing Darwin", an examination of current controversies in evolutionary biology, and "Dominion", a consideration of the ecological and evolutionary past, present, and future of Homo sapiens. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Trinomial name Homo sapiens sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 Humans, or human beings, are bipedal primates belonging to the mammalian species Homo sapiens (Latin: wise man or knowing man) in the family Hominidae (the great apes). ...

Personal life

Eldredge enjoys playing jazz trumpet and is an avid collector of 19th century cornets.[1] He shares his home in Ridgewood, New Jersey with his wife and more than 400 cornets. He also has two sons, two daughters-in-law, and three grandchildren. This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... The trumpet is the highest brass instrument in register, above the French horn, trombone, baritone, euphonium, and tuba. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Bâ™­ cornet The cornet is a brass instrument that closely resembles the trumpet. ... Ridgewood can refer to: Ridgewood, New Jersey Ridgewood, Ontario This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Official language(s) English de facto Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Area  Ranked 47th  - Total 8,729 sq mi (22,608 km²)  - Width 70 miles (110 km)  - Length 150 miles (240 km)  - % water 14. ...

Eldredge possesses a chart of the development of cornets compared with that for trilobites. The differences between them are meant to highlight the failures of Intelligent Design by comparing a system that is definitely designed, with a system that, according to scientific consensus, is not. Orders Agnostida Redlichiida Corynexochida Lichida Nektaspida? Phacopida Proetida Asaphida Harpetida Ptychopariida Trilobites are extinct arthropods in the class Trilobita. ... For other uses, see Intelligent design (disambiguation). ...

Bibliography

• Cracraft, J. and N. Eldredge (eds.) 1979. Phylogenetic Analysis and Palaeontology. Columbia University Press, New York

• Eldredge, N. and J. Cracraft. 1980. Phylogenetic Patterns and the Evolutionary Process. Method and Theory in Comparative Biology. Columbia University Press, New York, 349 p. Japanese edition, Soju Shobo, 1990

• Eldredge, N. 1982. The Monkey Business. A Scientist Looks at Creationism. Pocket Books, New York. 157 p. Japanese edition, 1992

• Eldredge, N. and I. Tattersall. 1982. The Myths of Human Evolution. Columbia University Press, New York. 197 p. Japanese edition arranged through Columbia U. Press.; Spanish edition 1986: Fondo de Cultura Economica, Mexico; Portuguese ed.: 1984, Zahar Editores, Rio de Janeiro; Italian ed., 1984: Boringheri

• Eldredge, N. and S. M. Stanley (eds.). 1984. Living Fossils. Springer Verlag, New York.

• Eldredge, N. 1985. Time Frames. Simon and Schuster, New York. 240 pp. Great Britain: Heilman; Princeton University reprint edition. Italian edition, 1991, hopefulmonster editore

• Eldredge, N. 1985. Unfinished Synthesis. Biological Hierarchies and Modern Evolutionary Thought. Oxford University Press, New York

• Eldredge, N. 1987. Life Pulse. Episodes in the History of Life. Facts on File, New York. Pelican edition (Great Britain)

• Eldredge, N. (ed.). 1987. Natural History Reader on Evolution. Columbia University Press, New York

• Eldredge, N. 1989. Macroevolutionary Dynamics: Species, Niches and Adaptive Peaks. McGraw Hill, New York. Japanese edition: McGraw Hill Publishing Co., Japan, Ltd.

• Eldredge, N., D. Eldredge and G. Eldredge. 1989. The Fossil Factory. Addison Wesley Publishing Co., Reading, Massachusetts

• Eldredge, N. 1991. The Miner's Canary. Extinctions Past and Present. Prentice Hall Books, New York; English edition: Virgin Publishing, Ltd.; Korean edition: Moeum Publishers; Italian edition: Sperling and Kupfer. German Edition: Spektrum; U.S. paperback edition: Princeton University Press

• Eldredge, N. 1991. Fossils. The Evolution and Extinction of Species. Photographs by Murray Alcosser. Abrams, New York; Australian edition: Houghton Mifflin; English edition: Aurum Press; German edition: Belser Verlag

• Eldredge, N. (ed.). 1992. Systematics, Ecology and the Biodiversity Crisis. Columbia University Press, New York

• Eldredge, N. and M. Grene. 1992. Interactions. The Biological Context of Social Systems. Columbia University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts

• Eldredge, N. 1995. Reinventing Darwin. The Great Debate at the High Table of Evolutionary Theory. John Wiley and Sons, New York; English edition: Orion; Italian edition: Einaudi Editore

• Eldredge, N. 1995. Dominion. Henry Holt and Co; paperback edition, University of California Press, 1997

• Eldredge, N. 1998. Life in the Balance. Humanity and the Biodiversity Crisis. Princeton University Press. Portugal: Dinalivre; China/Taiwan: International Publishing Co.; Poland: Proscynski; Japan: Seidosha; Spain: TusQuets; Italy: Guilo Einaudi Editore

• Eldredge, N. 1999. The Pattern of Evolution. W. H. Freeman and Co., New York

• Eldredge, N. 2000. The Triumph of Evolution...And the Failure of Creationism. W.H. Freeman and Co., New York

• Eldredge, N. (ed.). 2002. Life on Earth. An Encyclopaedia of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution. ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, California

• Eldredge, N. 2004. Why We Do It. Rethinking Sex and the Selfish Gene. W.W. Norton, New York

• Eldredge, N. 2005. Darwin: Discovering the Tree of Life. W.W. Norton, New York

Marjorie Glicksman Grene (born 1910) is an American philosopher. ...

External links

• Biographical Sketch at the American Museum of Natural History
• VQR > Confessions of a Darwinist
• www.nileseldredge.com