Nitration is a general chemical process for the introduction of a nitro group in a chemical compound by means of a chemical reaction. sulfur sucks--207. ... Nitro may refer to: Nitro functional group, a functional group with chemical formula NO2 Nitroglycerin, an extremely explosive chemical compound Glyceryl trinitrate (pharmacology), a medical compound used for the treatment of angina pectoris Nitrous, a type of fuel additives for race cars Nitromethane, or a fuel additive used especially in... A chemical compound is a chemical substance formed from two or more elements, with a fixed ratio determining the composition. ... A chemical reaction is a process that results in the interconversion of chemical substances [1]. The substance or substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants. ...

Examples of simple nitrations are the conversion of glycerin to nitroglycerin with nitric acid and sulfuric acid, the nitration of acetone cyanohydrin with nitric acid in acetic anhydride to Acetone cyanohydrin nitrate ^[1] and the conversion of Ethyl α-bromobutyrate to ethyl α-nitrobutyrate with sodium nitrite ^[2]. Glycerin, also well known as glycerine and glycerol, and less commonly as 1,2,3-propanetriol, 1,2,3-trihydroxypropane, glyceritol, and glycyl alcohol is a colorless, odorless, hygroscopic, and sweet-tasting viscous liquid. ... Nitroglycerin, also known as nitroglycerine, trinitroglycerin, and glyceryl trinitrate, is a chemical compound. ... The chemical compound nitric acid (HNO3), otherwise known as aqua fortis or spirit of nitre, is a colorless, corrosive liquid, a toxic acid which can cause severe burns. ... Sulfuric acid (British English: sulphuric acid), H2SO4, is a strong mineral acid. ... Acetic anhydride, also known as ethanoic anhydride, is one of the simplest of acid anhydrides. ... Sodium nitrite, with chemical formula NaNO2, also called nitrous acid, sodium salt, is used as a color fixative and preservative in meats and fish. ...

Aromatic nitration

Aromatic nitration occurs with aromatic organic compounds via an electrophilic substitution mechanism involving the attack of the electron-rich benzene ring by the (nitryl) nitronium ion. The term aromatic compound may also refer to: any organic compound possessing a strong olfactory aroma aromatic hydrocarbons (originally named as a subset of the above; however, aromatic hydrocarbons do not necessarily possess any smell whatsoever) ... Electrophilic substitution reactions are chemical reactions in which an electrophile displaces another group, typically but not always hydrogen. ... Benzene, also known as C6H6, PhH, and benzol, is an organic chemical compound that is a colorless and flammable liquid with a pleasant, sweet smell. ... The nitronium ion, NO2+, is not stable enough to exist in normal conditions, but it is used extensively in the nitration of other substances. ...

Benzene is nitrated by refluxing with concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid at 50°C. The chemical compound nitric acid (HNO3), otherwise known as aqua fortis or spirit of nitre, is a colorless, corrosive liquid, a toxic acid which can cause severe burns. ... A degree Celsius (°C) is a unit of temperature named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701-1744), who first proposed a similar system in 1742. ...

(1) 2H₂SO₄ + HNO₃ → 2HSO₄^1- + NO₂⁺ + H₃O⁺

(2) C₆H₆ + NO₂⁺ → C₆H₅NO₂ + H⁺

(3) H⁺ + H₃O⁺ + 2HSO₄^1- → H₂O + 2H₂SO₄

The sulfuric acid is regenerated and hence acts as a catalyst. Sulfuric acid (British English: sulphuric acid), H2SO4, is a strong mineral acid. ... In chemistry, a catalyst (Greek: καταλύτης, catalytēs) is a substance that decreases the activation energy of a chemical reaction (see also catalysis) without itself being changed at the end of the chemical reaction. ...

Nitration of Benzene

The formation of a nitronium ion (the electrophile) from nitric acid and sulfuric acid is shown below: Image File history File links OChem-Reaction-NitrationBenzene. ... The chemical compound nitric acid (HNO3), otherwise known as aqua fortis or spirit of nitre, is a colorless, corrosive liquid, a toxic acid which can cause severe burns. ... Sulfuric acid (British English: sulphuric acid), H2SO4, is a strong mineral acid. ...

Reaction of nitric acid and sulfuric acid

Selectivity is always a challenge in nitrations, Fluorenone nitration is selective and yields a tri-nitro compound ^[3] or tetra-nitro compound ^[4] by tweaking reaction conditions just slightly. Another example of trinitration can be found in the synthesis of phloroglucinol. Image File history File links Chem-Mech-NitroniumFormationWH2SO4. ... Phloroglucinol or benzene-1,3,5-triol is a process chemical widely used in the industrial synthesis of pharmaceuticals and high-energy chemicals (explosives). ...

Other nitration reagents include nitronium tetrafluoroborate which is a true nitronium salt. This compound can be prepared from hydrogen fluoride, nitric acid and boron trifluoride ^[5]. Aromatic nitro compounds are important intermediates to anilines by action of a reducing agent. Hydrogen fluoride, HF, is a fluoride of hydrogen. ... The chemical compound nitric acid (HNO3), otherwise known as aqua fortis or spirit of nitre, is a colorless, corrosive liquid, a toxic acid which can cause severe burns. ... Boron trifluoride (BF3, trifluoroborane) is a pungent colourless toxic gas. ... Aniline, phenylamine or aminobenzene (C6H5NH2) is an organic chemical compound which is a primary aromatic amine consisting of a benzene ring and an amino group. ... A reducing agent is the element or a compound in a redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction (see electrochemistry) that reduces another species. ...

References

1. ^ 4-Nitro-morpholine Jeremiah P. Freeman and Inella G. Shepard Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 5, p.839 (1973); Vol. 43, p.83 (1963) Article.
2. ^ ethyl α-nitrobutyrate Nathan Kornblum and Robert K. Blackwood Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 4, p.454 (1963); Vol. 37, p.44 (1957). Article
3. ^ 2,4,7-Trinitrofluorenone E. O. Woolfolk and Milton Orchin Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 3, p.837; Vol. 28, p.91 Article
4. ^ 2,4,5,7-tetranitrofluorenone Melvin S. Newman and H. Boden Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 5, p.1029; Vol. 42, p.95 Article
5. ^ Benzonitrile, 2-methyl-3,5-dinitro- George A. Olah and Stephen J. Kuhn Organic Syntheses Annual Volume 47, page 56 , Article