|
Nitrazepam (marketed under the trade names Mogadon®, Nitredon®, Nilandron®) is a powerful hypnotic drug, which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses powerful anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and of describing the science of chemistry in general. ...
CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences and alloys. ...
The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System is used for the classification of drugs. ...
A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ...
PubChem is a database of chemical molecules . ...
DrugBank is a database available at the University of Alberta that provides information about thousands of products. ...
A chemical formula (also called molecular formula) is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ...
The molecular mass of a substance (less accurately called molecular weight and abbreviated as MW) is the mass of one molecule of that substance, relative to the unified atomic mass unit u (equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12). ...
In pharmacology, bioavailability is used to describe the fraction of an administered dose of medication that reaches the systemic circulation, one of the principal pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. ...
Santorio Santorio (1561-1636) in his steelyard balance, from Ars de statica medecina, first published 1614 Metabolism (from μεταβολισμος (metabolismos)) is the biochemical modification of chemical compounds in living organisms anggjgjhnd cell (b). ...
The liver is one of the largest internal organs of the human body. ...
The elimination half-life of a drug (or any xenobiotic agent) refers to the timecourse necessary for the quantity of the xenobiotic agent in the body (or plasma concentration) to be reduced to half of its original level through various elimination processes. ...
Excretion is the biological process by which an organism chemically separates waste products from its body. ...
Human kidneys viewed from behind with spine removed The kidneys are bean-shaped excretory organs in vertebrates. ...
The pregnancy category of a pharmaceutical agent is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical, if it is used as directed by the mother. ...
The regulation of therapeutic goods, that is drugs and therapeutic devices, varies by jurisdiction. ...
The Controlled Substances Act (CSA), Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970, is the legal foundation of the United States governments fight against the abuse of drugs and other substances. ...
Oral medication A medication is a licenced drug taken to cure or reduce symptoms of an illness or medical condition. ...
alprazolam 2mg tablets The benzodiazepines are a class of drugs with sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, amnestic and muscle relaxant properties. ...
An anxiolytic is any drug or therapy used in the treatment of anxiety. ...
The anticonvulsants, sometimes also called antiepileptics, belong to a diverse group of pharmaceuticals used in prevention of the occurrence of epileptic seizures. ...
A sedative is a drug that depresses the central nervous system (CNS), which causes calmness, relaxation, reduction of anxiety, sleepiness, slowed breathing, slurred speech, staggering gait, poor judgment, and slow, uncertain reflexes. ...
In medicine, a muscle relaxant is a drug that causes skeletal muscle contraction to cease. ...
Nitrazepam shortens the time required to fall asleep and lengthens the duration of sleep. Typically, it may work within an hour and allow the individual to maintain sleep for 4 to 6 hours. It is no longer available in the United States. In an ideal situation, sleep should be undisturbed and experienced in the same room every night Sleep is the regular state of natural rest observed in all mammals, birds and fish. ...
Pharmacology The pharmacological action of nitrazepam is thought to be the result of its facilitating the action of gamma aminobutyric acid, an inhibitor neurotransmitter. Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are used to relay, amplify and modulate electrical signals between a neuron and another cell. ...
Indications Nitrazepam is used to treat epilepsy (myoclonic seizures) and insomnia. It has been suggested that Primary insomnia be merged into this article or section. ...
Dosage When used for treatment of insomnia, the usual dose for adults is 2.5mg to 10mg, taken at bedtime.
When used for treatment of myoclonic seizures, the dose is based on body weight. The dose for children (30kg or less) is anywhere from 0.3mg/kg to 1mg/kg, daily in three divided doses.
Nitrazepam is available in 5mg and 10mg tablets.
Side effects Side effects can include: Somnolence (or drowsiness, or hypersomnia) is a state of near-sleep, a strong desire for sleep, or sleeping unusually long periods. ...
Dizziness (Latin: Vertigo) is the sensation of instability. ...
Look up Confusion in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Confusion can have the following meanings: Unclarity or puzzlement, e. ...
In chemistry, concentration is the measure of how much of a given substance there is mixed with another substance. ...
A headache (medically known as cephalgia) is a condition of mild to severe pain in the head; sometimes neck or upper back pain may also be interpreted as a headache. ...
A hangover is the sum of unpleasant physical effects following heavy consumption of alcohol or the use of other drugs. ...
Interactions See Diazepam#Interactions. Diazepam (marketed under brand names Valium®, Seduxen® and Apozepam®)[1] is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Contraindications See Diazepam#Contraindications. Diazepam (marketed under brand names Valium®, Seduxen® and Apozepam®)[1] is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Overdose See Diazepam#Overdose. Diazepam (marketed under brand names Valium®, Seduxen® and Apozepam®)[1] is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Legal Status In the United States, nitrazepam is a Schedule IV drug available by prescription only. Internationally, nitrazepam is a Schedule IV drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances[1]. The Controlled Substances Act (CSA), Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970, is the legal foundation of the United States governments fight against the abuse of drugs and other substances. ...
The references in this article would be clearer with a different style of citation, footnoting or external linking. ...
External links
| Benzodiazepines edit | | {Adinazolam} {Alprazolam} {Bromazepam} {Brotizolam} {Camazepam} {Chlordiazepoxide} {Cinolazepam} {Clobazam} {Clonazepam} {Clorazepate} {Clotiazepam} {Cloxazolam} {Diazepam} {Doxefazepam} {Estazolam} {Ethyl loflazepate} {Etizolam} {Fludiazepam} {Flunitrazepam} {Flurazepam} {Gidazepam} {Halazepam} {Ketazolam} {Loprazolam} {Lorazepam} {Lormetazepam} {Medazepam} {Midazolam} {Nimetazepam} {Nitrazepam} {Nordazepam} {Oxazepam} {Pinazepam} {Prazepam} {Quazepam} {Temazepam} {Tofisopam} {Triazolam} Benzodiazepine tablets The benzodiazepines are a class of drugs with hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, amnestic and muscle relaxant properties. ...
Adinazolam is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Alprazolam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Bromazepam (Compendium®, Creosedin®, Durazanil®, Lectopam®, Lexaurin®, Lexomil®, Lexotan®, Lexotanil®, Normoc®). Bromazepam is a Schedule IV drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances. ...
Brotizolam (marketed under brand name Lendormin) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Camazepam (marketed under the brand name Albego) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Chlordiazepoxide (marketed under the trade name Librium®) is a hypnotic drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Cinolazepam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Clobazam is triazolobenzodiazepine, also known as a 1,5-benzodiazepine, meaning that its diazepine ring has its nitrogen atoms at the 1 and 5 positions instead of the usual 1 and 4. ...
Clonazepam (marketed by Roche under the trade-name Klonopin® in the United States and Rivotril® in Canada and Europe) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Clorazepate (brand name: Tranxene®) is a member of the group of drugs called benzodiazepines. ...
Clotiazepam (marketed under brand name Trecalmo) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Cloxazolam (marketed under brand name Sepazon) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Diazepam (marketed under brand names Valium®, Seduxen® and Apozepam®)[1] is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Doxefazepam (marketed under brand name Doxans) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Estazolam (ProSom®) is a benzodiazepine commonly prescribed for short-term treatment of insomnia. ...
Ethyl loflazepate (marketed under brand name Meilax®) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Etizolam (marketed under brand name Sedekopan) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Fludiazepam (marketed under the brand name Erispan) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Skeletal formula of flunitrazepam Flunitrazepam (trade name Rohypnol) is a sedative that was made in the early 1970s by Roche and was used in hospitals only for deep sedation. ...
Flurazepam (marketed as Dalmane) is a benzodiazepine derivative which is used as a hypnotic. ...
Gidazepam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Halazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Ketazolam (marketed under brand names Anseren, Anxon, Contamex, Loftran, Marcen, Sedotime, Solatran, Unakalm) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Loprazolam is a medicine of the Benzodiazepine family. ...
Lorazepam (marketed under the brand names Ativan®, Temesta®, Tavor®) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Lormetazepam (Noctamid®, Ergocalm®, Loramet®, also known as methyllorazepam, is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Medazepam is a drug of the Benzodiazepine family. ...
Midazolam, (marketed under brand names Versed®, Hypnovel® and Dormicum®) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Nimetazepam (marketed under brand name Erimin®) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Nordazepam (Calmday®, Stilny®, Madar®), formerly known as nordiazepam, is a 1,4-benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Oxazepam is a benzodiazepine hypnotic sold under the name Serax. ...
Pinazepam (marketed under the brand name Domar®) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Parazepam belong to the group of medicines called central nervous system depressants (medicines that slow down the nervous system). ...
Quazepam (brand names Doral®, Dormalin®) is a long-acting benzodiazepine used to treat insomnia. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Tofisopam (marketed under brand name Emandaxin) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Triazolam (Halcion®, Novodorm®, Songar®) belongs to benzodiazepine group of drugs. ...
|
| Anticonvulsants edit | | Triazines edit | | {Lamotrigine} The anticonvulsants, sometimes also called antiepileptics, belong to a diverse group of pharmaceuticals used in prevention of the occurrence of epileptic seizures. ...
...
Lamotrigine (marketed as Lamictal by GlaxoSmithKline) is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder. ...
| | | Pyrimidinediones edit | | {Primidone} The following are pyrimidinediones: cytidine fluorouracil idoxuridine primidone thymidine trifluridine uridine References Classe : PYRIMIDINEDIONE ...
Primidone, is an anticonvulsant of the pyrimidinedione class whose active metabolites, phenobarbital (minor) and phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA) (major), are also anticonvulsants. ...
| | | Bromides edit | | {Potassium bromide} ==Definition==;-) A bromide ion is an bromine atom with charge -1. ...
Potassium bromide (KBr) is a salt, used as an anticonvulsant and a sedative in the 1800s. ...
| | | Aldehydes edit | | {Paraldehyde} An aldehyde is either a functional group consisting of a terminal carbonyl group or a compound containing a terminal carbonyl group. ...
Paraldehyde is the cyclic form of three acetaldehyde molecules (a trimer). ...
| | | Valproylamides edit | | {Valpromide} {Valnoctamide} Valpromide (dipropylacetamide, α-propylvaleramide, Diprozin) is a carboxamide derivative of valproic acid that is considered safer to use than either valproic acid or sodium valproate. ...
Valnoctamide has been used in France as a tranquilizer and muscle relaxant since 1964[3] and as an anticonvulsant since starting in 1969 in Portugal. ...
| | | Fructose derivatives edit | | {Topiramate} Fructose (or levulose) is a simple sugar (monosaccharide) found in many foods and one of the three most important blood sugars along with glucose and galactose. ...
In mathematics, the derivative is defined to be the instantaneous rate of change of a function. ...
Topiramate (brand name: Topamax®) is an anticonvulsant drug produced by Ortho-McNeil, a division of Johnson & Johnson. ...
| | | Propionates edit | | {Beclamide} The propionate (also propanoate) ion is C2H5COO− (propionic acid minus one hydrogen ion). ...
Beclamide (marketed as Chloracon, Hibicon, Posedrine, Nydrane, Seclar, and other names) is a propionate and was used as a sedative and as an anticonvulsant. ...
| | | Aromatic Allylic Alcohols edit | | {Stiripentol} In chemistry, an aromatic molecule is one in which electrons are free to cycle around circular arrangements of atoms, which are alternately singly and doubly bonded to one another. ...
An allyl group is an alkene hydrocarbon group with the formula H2C=CH-CH2-. It is made up of a vinyl group, CH2=CH-, attached to a methylene -CH2. ...
In general usage, alcohol (from Arabic al-khwl الكحول, or al-ghawl الغول) refers almost always to ethanol, also known as grain alcohol, and often to any beverage that contains ethanol (see alcoholic beverage). ...
Stiripentol (marketed as Diacomit by Laboratoires BIOCODEX) is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of epilepsy. ...
| | | Carboxamides edit | | {Carbamazepine} {Oxcarbazepine} {Rufinamide} Carboxamides are drugs that can be used as anticonvulsants. ...
Carbamazepine (sold under the brand-names Biston, Calepsin, Carbatrol, Epitol, Equetro, Finlepsin, Sirtal, Stazepine, Tegretol, Telesmin, Timonil) is an anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder. ...
Oxcarbazepine (Marketed as Trileptal® by Novartis) is an anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder. ...
| | | Ureas edit | | {Pheneturide} {Phenacemide} Urea is an organic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen, with the formula CON2H4 or (NH2)2CO. Urea is also known as carbamide, especially in the recommended International Non-proprietary Names (rINN) in use in Europe. ...
| | | GABA analogs edit | | {Gabapentin} {Vigabatrin} {Progabide} {Pregabalin} Gabapentin (brand name: Neurontin®) is an anticonvulsant medication indicated in the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain. ...
Vigabatrin is an anticonvulsant that inhibits the catabolism of GABA. It is an analog of GABA, but it is not a receptor agonist. ...
Progabide (INN) is an analog of gamma-aminobutyric acid used in the treatment of epilepsy. ...
Pregabalin (brand name: Lyrica®) is a new anticonvulsant drug indicated as an add on therapy for partial onset seizures and for certain types of neuropathic pain. ...
| | | Oxazolidinediones edit | | {Trimethadione} {Paramethadione} {Ethadione} The following are oxazolidinediones: paramethadione trimethadione ethadione Categories: Pharmacology stubs | Antiepileptics ...
Trimethadione is an oxazolidinedione anticonvulsant. ...
| | | Pyrrolidines edit | | {Brivaracetam} {Levetiracetam} {Nefiracetam} {Seletracetam} Flash point 3 °C R/S statement R: 11 20/21/22 35 S: 16 26 28 36/37 45 RTECS number UX9650000 Related compounds Related compounds pyrrole piperidine Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and...
Levetiracetam (brand name: Keppra®) is an anticonvulsant medication used to treat epilepsy. ...
Categories: Stub | Substances of the piracetam group ...
| | | Hydantoins edit | | {Ethotoin} {Phenytoin} {Mephenytoin} {Fosphenytoin} Hydantoin, which is also known as glycolylurea, is a heterocyclic organic compound which can be thought of as a cyclic double-condensation reaction product of glycolic acid and urea. ...
Ethotoin (marketed as Peganone® by Ovation) is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of epilepsy. ...
Phenytoin sodium (marketed as Dilantin® in the USA and as Epanutin® in the UK, by Parke-Davis, now part of Pfizer) is a commonly used antiepileptic. ...
Mephenytoin (marketed as Mesantoin® by Novartis) is a hydantoin, used as an anticonvulsant. ...
Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx®, Parke-Davis) is a water-soluble phenytoin prodrug used in only in hospitals for the treatment of epileptic seizures. ...
| | | Sulfonamides edit | | {Acetazolamide} {Sultiame} {Methazolamide} {Zonisamide} In chemistry, the sulfonamide functional group is -S(=O)2-NH2, a sulfone group connected to an amine group. ...
Acetazolamide, sold under the trade name Diamox®, is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used to treat glaucoma, epileptic seizures, benign intracranial hypertension and altitude sickness. ...
Zonisamide (brand name Zonegran®) is an anticonvulsant used as an adjunctive therapy in adults with partial-onset seizures. ...
| | | Carbamates edit | | {Felbamate} {Meprobamate} {Emylcamate} {Phenprobamate} Carbamates are a group of organic compounds sharing a common functional group with the general structure -NH(CO)O-. More precisely the carbamate group is considered an amide group with an alkoxy or hydroxy functional group next to the carbonyl group. ...
Felbamate (marketed as Felbamol by MedPointe) is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of epilepsy. ...
Meprobamate is a tranquilizing drug that acts as a depressant of the central nervous system and is commonly used in the treatment of anxiety and sometimes schizophrenia. ...
Emylcamate (marketed as Striatran® by Merck) is an anxiolytic and muscle relaxant. ...
Phenprobamate is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant. ...
| | | Succinimides edit | | {Ethosuximide} {Phensuximide} {Mesuximide} Succinimides are drugs that can be used as anticonvulsants. ...
Ethosuximide is a succinimide anticonvulsant, used mainly in absence seizures. ...
| | | Fatty acids edit | | {Valproic acid} {Sodium valproate} {Valproate semisodium} {Tiagabine} In chemistry, especially biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid (or organic acid), often with a long aliphatic tail (long chains), either saturated or unsaturated. ...
Valproic acid or 2-Propylpentanoic acid is CH3CH2CH2CH(CH2CH2CH3)COOH . ...
Sodium valproate (INN) or valproate sodium (USAN) is the sodium salt of valproic acid and is an anticonvulsant used in the treatment of epilepsy. ...
Valproate semisodium (INN) or divalproex sodium (USAN) consists of a compound of sodium valproate and valproic acid in a 1:1 molar relationship in an enteric coated form. ...
Tiagabine is an anti-convulsive medication produced by Cephalon and marketed under the brand name Gabitril. ...
| |
| Benzodiazepines edit | | {Clobazam} {Clonazepam} {Clorazepate} {Diazepam} {Midazolam} {Lorazepam} {Nitrazepam} {Oxazepam} Benzodiazepine tablets The benzodiazepines are a class of drugs with hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, amnestic and muscle relaxant properties. ...
Clobazam is triazolobenzodiazepine, also known as a 1,5-benzodiazepine, meaning that its diazepine ring has its nitrogen atoms at the 1 and 5 positions instead of the usual 1 and 4. ...
Clonazepam (marketed by Roche under the trade-name Klonopin® in the United States and Rivotril® in Canada and Europe) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Clorazepate (brand name: Tranxene®) is a member of the group of drugs called benzodiazepines. ...
Diazepam (marketed under brand names Valium®, Seduxen® and Apozepam®)[1] is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Midazolam, (marketed under brand names Versed®, Hypnovel® and Dormicum®) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Lorazepam (marketed under the brand names Ativan®, Temesta®, Tavor®) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. ...
Oxazepam is a benzodiazepine hypnotic sold under the name Serax. ...
| |
| Barbiturates edit | | {Phenobarbital} {Methylphenobarbital} {Metharbital} {Barbexaclone} Barbiturates are drugs that acts as central nervous system (CNS) depressants, and by virtue of this they produce a wide spectrum of effects, from mild sedation to anesthesia. ...
Phenobarbital (also phenobarbitone or Luminal) is a weak acid with the chemical formula C12H12N2O3. ...
Methylphenobarbital (also known as mephobarbital) is marketed in the US as Mebaral by Ovation. ...
Metharbital was marketed as Gemonil by Abbott Laboratories. ...
Barbexaclone (marketed in Italy as Maliasin by Abbott Laboratories). ...
| | |
Feeds |
Contact