Nitro compounds are organic compounds that contain one or more nitro functional groups (-NO₂). They are often highly explosive; various impurities or improper handling can easily trigger a violent exothermic decomposition. An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon, with the exception of carbides, carbonates, carbon oxides and gases containing carbon. ... In organic chemistry functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules, that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. ... General Name, Symbol, Number nitrogen, N, 7 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 15, 2, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 14. ... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series Chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 15. ... This article is concerned solely with chemical explosives. ... In chemistry, an exothermic reaction is one that releases heat. ...

Aromatic nitro compounds are typically synthesized by the action of a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids on a suitable organic molecule. Some examples of such compounds are trinitrophenol (picric acid), trinitrotoluene (TNT), and trinitroresorcinol (styphnic acid). Picric acid is the common term for the chemical compound 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, also known as TNP; the material is a yellow crystalline solid. ... Trinitrotoluene (TNT, or Trotyl) is a pale yellow crystalline aromatic hydrocarbon compound that melts at 354 K (178 Â°F, 81 °C). ... Chemical structure of styphnic acid Styphnic acid (2,4,6-trinitro-1,3-benzenediol, or (NO2)3â‹…C6Hâ‹…(OH)2) is a yellow, astringent acid that forms hexagonal crystals. ...

Preparation

In organic synthesis various methods exists to prepare nitro compounds. Organic synthesis is the construction of organic molecules via chemical processes. ...

Aliphatic nitro compounds

• Nitromethane adds to aldehydes in 1,2-addition in the nitroaldol reaction
• Nitromethane adds to alpha-Beta unsaturated carbonyl compounds as a 1,4-addition in the Michael reaction as a Michael donor
• Nitroethylene is a Michael acceptor in a Michael reaction with enolate compounds
• In nucleophilic aliphatic substitution sodium nitrite (NaNO₂) replaces an alkyl halide

Nitromethane is a chemical compound with chemical formula CH3NO2. ... An aldehyde is either a functional group consisting of a terminal carbonyl group or a compound containing a terminal carbonyl group. ... The Nitroaldol reaction or Henry reaction 1 is a aldol type reaction between an aldehyde and nitromethane. ... The Michael reaction is an intermolecular aldol reaction followed by a base catylized elimination reaction. ... The Michael reaction is an intermolecular aldol reaction followed by a base catylized elimination reaction. ... Enol (or, more officially, but less commonly: alkenol) is an alkene with hydroxyl group on one of the carbon atoms of the double bond. ... In chemistry, nucleophilic substitution is a class of substitution reaction in which an electron-rich nucleophile attacks a molecule and replaces a group or atom, called the leaving group. ... Sodium nitrite, with chemical formula NaNO2, also called nitrous acid, sodium salt, is used as a color fixative and preservative in meats and fish. ... In chemistry, an alkyl halide is an organic molecule of the form R_X, where X is a halide and R contains a carbon atom bonded to other functional groups or hydrogens. ...

Aromatic nitro compounds

• In electrophilic substitution nitric acid reacts with aromatic compounds in nitration

Electrophilic substitution reactions are chemical reactions in which an electrophile displaces another group, typically but not always hydrogen. ... R-phrases , S-phrases , , , , Flash point not applicable RTECS number QU5775000 Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... In chemistry, an aromatic molecule is one in which electrons are free to cycle around circular arrangements of atoms, which are alternately singly and doubly bonded to one another. ... Nitration occurs with aromatic organic compounds via an electrophilic substitution mechanism involving the attack of the electron-rich benzene ring by the (nitryl) nitronium ion. ...

Reactions

Nitro compounds participate in several organic reactions. Organic reactions are chemical reactions between organic compounds. ...

Aliphatic nitro compounds

• Aliphatic nitro compounds are reduced to amines with hydrochloric acid and an iron catalyst
• Hydrolysis of nitro compounds yield aldehydes or ketones in the Nef reaction

In chemistry, non-aromatic and non-cyclic (acyclic) organic compounds are called aliphatic. ... Organic reductions or organic oxidations or organic redox reactions are redox reactions that take place with organic compounds. ... Ammonia Amines are organic compounds containing nitrogen as the key atom in the amine functional group. ... The chemical substance hydrochloric acid is the aqueous (water-based) solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas. ... General Name, Symbol, Number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Atomic mass 55. ... Hydrolysis is a chemical process in which a molecule is split into two parts by the addition of a molecule of water. ... An aldehyde is either a functional group consisting of a terminal carbonyl group or a compound containing a terminal carbonyl group. ... A ketone is either the functional group characterized by a carbonyl group linked to two other carbon atoms or a compound that contains this functional group. ...

Aromatic nitro compounds

• Reduction of aromatic nitro compounds with hydrogen gas over a platinum catalyst gives anilines.
• The presence of nitro groups facilitates nucleophilic aromatic substitution.

Organic reductions or organic oxidations or organic redox reactions are redox reactions that take place with organic compounds. ... General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ... General Name, Symbol, Number platinum, Pt, 78 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 10, 6, d Appearance grayish white Atomic mass 195. ... R-phrases , , , , , , S-phrases , , , , , , , Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... A nucleophilic substitution is a substitution reaction in organic chemistry in which the nucleophile displaces a good leaving group, such as a halide on an aromatic ring. ...

See also

• Functional group