Nixon's enemies list was compiled by Charles Colson and sent to John Dean

Nixon's Enemies List is the informal name of what started as a list of President Richard Nixon's major political opponents compiled by Charles Colson, written by George T. Bell ^[1] (assistant to Colson, special counsel to the White House) and sent in memorandum form to John Dean on September 9, 1971. The list was part of a campaign officially known as "Opponents List" and "Political Enemies Project." The official purpose, as described by the White House Counsel's Office, was to "screw" Nixon's political enemies, by means of tax audits from the IRS, and by manipulating "grant availability, federal contracts, litigation, prosecution, etc." Richard Nixon Uploaded from the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs website File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Richard Nixon Uploaded from the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs website File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Charles Wendell Chuck Colson (born October 16, 1931) was the chief counsel for President Richard Nixon from 1969 to 1973 and was one of the Watergate Seven, jailed for Watergate-related charges. ... John Dean, May 7, 1972. ... The presidential seal was first used by President Hayes in 1880 and last modified in 1959 by adding the 50th star for Hawaii. ... Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. ... Charles Wendell Chuck Colson (born October 16, 1931) was the chief counsel for President Richard Nixon from 1969 to 1973 and was one of the Watergate Seven, jailed for Watergate-related charges. ... George T. Bell (died March 14, 1973) was a former special assistant to President Richard Nixon. ... A memorandum or memo is a written form of communication most often employed in business environments. ... John Dean, May 7, 1972. ... September 9 is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years). ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday. ... The White House Counsel is a staff appointee of the President of the United States. ... Seal of the Internal Revenue Service The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is the United States government agency that collects taxes and enforces the internal revenue laws. ...

In a memorandum from John Dean to Lawrence Higby (August 16, 1971), Dean explained the purpose of the list succinctly: John Dean, May 7, 1972. ... Lawrence M. Higby is an American businessman and political activist. ... August 16 is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ...

"This memorandum addresses the matter of how we can maximize the fact of our incumbency in dealing with persons known to be active in their opposition to our Administration, Stated a bit more bluntly — how we can use the available federal machinery to screw our political enemies."

The original 20 names in Colson's memo (and his notes accompanying them) were as follows, although a master list of Nixon political opponents and another list, with a combined total of over 30,000 names, were developed later. However, according to John Dean, "To the best of my knowledge, Richard Nixon was unaware of the enemies list." ^[1] The information below is taken directly from the version published in the New York Times in 1973, as well as the copy in the National Archives and Records Administration. A master list of Nixon political opponents was compiled to supplement the original Nixons Enemies List of 20 key people considered opponents of President Richard Nixon. ... John Dean, May 7, 1972. ... The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ... The National Archives building in Washington, DC The United States National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is an independent agency of the United States federal government charged with preserving and documenting government and historical records. ...

Verbatim text of Colson's original memo (with his comments)

"Having studied the attached material and evaluated the recommendations for the discussed action, I believe you will find my list worthwhile for status. It is in priority order."

1. Arnold M. Picker, United Artists Corp., New York; Top Muskie fund raiser. Success here could be both debilitating and very embarrassing to the Muskie machine. If effort looks promising, both Ruth and David Picker should be programmed and then a follow through with United Artists.
2. Alexander E. Barkan, national director of A.F.L.-C.I.O.'s Committee on Political Education, Washington, D.C.: Without a doubt the most powerful political force programmed against us in 1968 ($10-million, 4.6 million votes, 115 million pamphlets, 176,000 workers—all programmed by Barkan's C.O.P.E.—so says Teddy White in The Making of the President 1968). We can expect the same effort this time.
3. Ed Guthman, managing editor, Los Angeles Times national editor: Guthman, former Kennedy aide, was a highly sophisticated hatchetman against us in '68. It is obvious he is the prime mover behind the current Key Biscayne effort. It is time to give him the message.
4. Maxwell Dane, Doyle, Dane and Bernbach, New York: The top Democratic advertising firm — they destroyed Goldwater in '64. They should be hit hard starting with Dane.
5. Charles Dyson, Dyson-Kissner Corporation, New York: Dyson and Larry O'Brien were close business associates after '68. Dyson has huge business holdings and is presently deeply involved in the Businessmen's Educational Fund which bankrolls a national radio network of five-minute programs, anti-Nixon in character.
6. Howard Stein, Dreyfus Corporation, New York: Heaviest contributor to McCarthy in '68. If McCarthy goes, will do the same in '72. If not, Lindsay or McGovern will receive the funds.
7. Allard Lowenstein, Long Island, New York: Guiding force behind the 18-year-old "Dump Nixon" vote drive.
8. Morton Halperin, leading executive at Common Cause: A scandal would be most helpful here. (A consultant for Common Cause in February-March 1971) (On staff of Brookings Institution)
9. Leonard Woodcock, United Auto Workers, Detroit, Michigan: No comments necessary.
10. S. Sterling Munro, Jr., Senator Henry M. Jackson's aide, Silver Spring, Maryland.: We should give him a try. Positive results would stick a pin in Jackson's white hat.
11. Bernard T. Feld, president, Council for a Livable World: Heavy far left funding. They will program an "all court press" against us in '72.
12. Sidney Davidoff, New York City, Lindsay's top personal aide: a first class S.O.B., wheeler-dealer and suspected bagman. Positive results would really shake the Lindsay camp and Lindsay's plans to capture youth vote. Davidoff in charge.
13. John Conyers, congressman, Detroit: Coming on fast. Emerging as a leading black anti-Nixon spokesman. Has known weakness for white females.
14. Samuel M. Lambert, president, National Education Association: Has taken us on vis-a-vis federal aid to parochial schools — a '72 issue.
15. Stewart Rawlings Mott, Mott Associates New York: Nothing but big money for radic-lib candidates.
16. Ronald Dellums, congressman, California: Had extensive EMK-Tunney support in his election bid. Success might help in California next year.
17. Daniel Schorr, Columbia Broadcasting System, Washington: A real media enemy.
18. S. Harrison Dogole, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: President of Globe Security Systems — fourth largest private detective agency in U.S. Heavy Humphrey contributor. Could program his agency against us.
19. Paul Newman, California: Radic-lib causes. Heavy McCarthy involvement '68. Used effectively in nationwide T.V. commercials. '72 involvement certain.
20. Mary McGrory, Washington columnist: Daily hate Nixon articles.

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American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations, commonly AFL-CIO, is the largest federation of unions in the United States, made up of 53 national and international unions (including Canadian), together representing more than 9 million workers. ... 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday. ... Theodore White on a book cover Theodore Harold White (May 6, 1915 – May 9, 1986) was an American political journalist, historian, and novelist, best known for his acclaimed accounts of the 1960, 1964, 1968, and 1972 presidential elections. ... Edwin O. Guthman (born 1919) is a journalist. ... The Los Angeles Times (also known as the LA Times) is a daily newspaper published in Los Angeles, California and distributed throughout the Western United States. ... John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), also referred to as John F. Kennedy, JFK, John Kennedy or Jack Kennedy, was the 35th President of the United States. ... The Florida White House or Winter White House was an informal name for a compound in Key Biscayne, Florida used by President Richard Nixon. ... Maxwell Mac Dane (June 7, 1906–August 8, 2004) was an American advertising executive and co-founder of the Doyle Dane Bernbach agency. ... Doyle Dane Bernbach was an advertising agency famous in the 1950s and 1960s for its innovative campaigns for Volkswagen (Think Small), Avis (We Try Harder), and other companies. ... Barry Morris Goldwater (January 1, 1909 – May 29, 1998[1]) was a five-term United States Senator from Arizona (1953–1965, 1969–87) and the Republican Partys nominee for President in the 1964 election. ... Bold textCharles H. Dyson (August 2, 1909 - March 14, 1997) was an American businessman. ... OBrien, c. ... Howard Stein is an American financier who is widely considered one of the fathers of the mutual fund industry. ... Eugene Joseph Gene McCarthy (March 29, 1916 – December 10, 2005) was an American politician and a longtime member of the U.S. Congress. ... John Vliet Lindsay (November 24, 1921 – December 19, 2000) was an American politician who served as a Congressman (1959-1965) and mayor of New York City (1966-1973). ... George McGovern on May 8, 1972 cover of Time Magazine George Stanley McGovern, Ph. ... Allard Kenneth Lowenstein, (January 16, 1929–March 14, 1980) was a liberal Democratic politician, a one-term congressman representing the 5th District in Nassau County, New York from 1968 until 1970. ... Map showing Long Island; to the north is Connecticut and to the west are New York City and New Jersey. ... Morton H. Halperin (born June 13, 1938) is an American expert on foreign policy and a minor figure in the scandals of the Nixon administration known as Watergate being listed on Nixons Enemies List. ... Common Cause is a U.S. nonpartisan citizens lobbying group (both professionally on Capitol Hill and grassroots advocacy in the states). ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday. ... The Brookings Institution is one of the oldest and best known think tanks in the United States. ... Leonard Freel Woodcock (February 15, 1911 - January 16, 2001) was an American labor leader and diplomat who was the president of the United Automobile Workers (UAW) from 1970 to 1977. ... The United Auto Workers (UAW), headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, officially the United Automobile, Aerospace & Agricultural Implement Workers of America International Union, is one of the largest labor unions in North America, with more than 500,000 members in the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico organized into approximately 950 union... 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Harrison Dogole (died 13 December 1999) was president of Globe Security Systems in Philadelphia. ... This article is becoming very long. ... Official language(s) English, Pennsylvania Dutch Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ... Hubert Horatio Humphrey II (May 27, 1911 – January 13, 1978) was the 38th Vice President of the United States, serving under President Lyndon Johnson. ... Paul Leonard Newman (born January 26, 1925) is an Academy Award, Golden Globe, Cannes Award, and Emmy Award winning American iconic actor and film director. ... Eugene Joseph Gene McCarthy (March 29, 1916 – December 10, 2005) was an American politician and a longtime member of the U.S. Congress. ... See TV (disambiguation) for other uses and Television (band) for the rock band European networks National In much of Europe television broadcasting has historically been state dominated, rather than commercially organised, although commercial stations have grown in number recently. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Mary McGrory (August 22, 1918 – April 20, 2004) was an American journalist and columnist. ...

Master list of political opponents

Main article: Master list of Nixon political opponents

According to Dean, Colson later compiled hundreds of names on a “master list” which changed constantly. The full list includes many notable people and publications, including Jane Fonda, Bill Cosby, Steve McQueen, Barbra Streisand, The New York Times, and The Washington Post. A master list of Nixon political opponents was compiled to supplement the original Nixons Enemies List of 20 key people considered opponents of President Richard Nixon. ... Jane Fonda (born December 21, 1937) is a two-time Academy Award-winning American actress, writer, political activist, former fashion model, and fitness guru. ... William Henry Bill Cosby, Jr. ... Steve McQueen (March 24, 1930 – November 7, 1980) was an American movie actor, nicknamed The King of Cool. He was one of the biggest box-office draws of the 1960s and 1970s due to a popular anti-hero persona. ... Barbra Streisand (born April 24, 1942 as Barbara Joan Streisand), is an Academy Award-winning American singer, theatre and film actress, composer, liberal political activist, film producer and director. ... The New York Times is a newspaper published in New York City by Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. ... The Washington Post is the largest newspaper in Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States. ...

Nixon's Enemies List in popular culture

Actor Paul Newman has said that his inclusion on the list is one of his greatest accomplishments.

In an episode of The Simpsons, barkeep Moe Szyslak has an enemies list, but it is revealed by Barney Gumble that it is merely Nixon's list (Jane Fonda, Daniel Schorr, and Jack Anderson are specifically cited). Moe promptly adds Barney's name to the list. Also, in the episode, “Homer the Great,” Homer has a “Revenge List” written in the same style as Nixon's Enemies List, to which he adds the company that made his now-broken work stool. Homers Enemy is the 23rd episode of The Simpsons eighth season, aired on May 4, 1997. ... Simpsons redirects here. ... Morris Moe Lester Szyslak (pronounced //) is a fictional character on the animated series The Simpsons, voiced by Hank Azaria. ... Bernard Barney Gumble (born April 20[1]) is a character on The Simpsons, voiced by Dan Castellaneta. ... Jane Fonda (born December 21, 1937) is a two-time Academy Award-winning American actress, writer, political activist, former fashion model, and fitness guru. ... Daniel Schorr (born August 31, 1916) is a journalist who has covered the world for more than 60 years. ... Jackson Northman Anderson (October 19, 1922 – December 17, 2005) was an American newspaper columnist and is considered one of the fathers of modern investigative journalism. ... “Homer the Great” is the 12th episode of The Simpsons’ sixth season. ...

In the pilot episode of Futurama, Fry knocks over Richard Nixon, who is now a head in a jar. His jar broken, Nixon exclaims, “That’s it! You just made my list!” Space Pilot 3000 is the first episode of Futuramas first season. ... Futurama is an Emmy Award-winning American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening (creator of The Simpsons) and David X. Cohen for the Fox Network. ... Philip J. Fry is the protagonist of the animated television series Futurama. ...

In Batman Returns, after the Penguin announces his campaign to run for mayor, Catwoman sees his list of firstborn children and comments, "Not even in office yet and already an enemies list." Batman Returns is a 1992 motion picture based on the Batman character created by Bob Kane and Bill Finger. ...

In Two Weeks Notice, Lucy Kelson's father (played by Robert Klein) remarks, "You were on Nixon’s enemies list by the time you were five." Two Weeks Notice is a 2002 romantic comedy film starring Sandra Bullock and Hugh Grant from Warner Bros. ... Robert Klein (born February 8, 1942) is a Jewish-American stand-up comedian and occasional actor. ...

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Boston College Magazine 'Executive session' interview with John Dean

• Staff report (Jun 28, 1973). Lists of White House 'Enemies' and Memorandums Relating to Those Named. New York Times

The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ...

External links

• Facts on File: A copy of the larger expanded enemies list and related memos
• Records of the Watergate Special Prosecution Force 1971 to 1977 via National Archives and Records Administration