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The phase noise of an oscillator is best described in the frequency domain where the spectral density is characterized by measuring the noise sidebands on either side of the output signal center frequency.
It is also common to characterize the noise performance of a signal as the ratio of the sideband power associated with phase fluctuations to the carrier power level.
The phase noise of the VCO is therefore determined primarily by the overall Q of the circuit.
If the radiated noise is observed on a 'scope, the noise will be present during the peaks, as shown in C. Because power-lines carry 60 Hz ac, the voltage on them passes through two peaks each cycle (one positive and one negative) and pass through zero twice each cycle.
Noise that varies with the weather is almost always caused by an outdoor source, indicating power-line noise.
Noise that varies with the time of day is related to what people are doing, usually pointing to some electrical device or appliance.