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A non-Newtonian fluid is a fluid in which the viscosity changes with the applied shear force . As a result, Non-Newtonian fluids may not have a well-defined viscosity .
tensor -valued constitutive equations , which are common in the field of continuum mechanics .
Type of fluid Behaviour Characteristics Examples Plastic solids Perfectly plastic Strain does not result in opposing stress Ductile metals Bingham plastic Linear relationship between shear stress and rate of strain once threshold shear stress exceeded Mud , some colloids Yield pseudo-plastic Pseudo-plastic above some threshold shear stress Yield dilatent Dilatent above some threshold shear stress Power-law fluids Pseudo-plastic Apparent viscosity reducing with rate of shear Some colloids , clay , milk , gelatine , blood and liquid cement Dilatant Apparent viscosity increasing with rate of shear Concentrated solution of sugar in water , suspensions of rice starch or corn starch Viscoelastic - having both viscous and elastic properties Maxwell material "Series" linear combination of elastic and viscous effects metals , composite materials Oldroyd-B fluid Linear combination of Maxwell and Newtonian behaviour Bitumen , dough , nylon , and Silly Putty Kelvin material "Parallel" linear combination of elastic and viscous effects Anelastic Material returns to a well-defined "rest shape" Time-dependent viscosity Rheopectic Apparent viscosity increases with duration of stress Some lubricants Thixotropic Apparent viscosity decreases with duration of stress Non-drip paints and tomato ketchup Generalised Newtonian fluids Stress depends on normal and shear strain rates Blood , Custard
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